# 1X EVE

> Source: https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/1x_eve
> Updated: 2026-06-27
> Categories: Humanoid Robots, Robotics
> From AI Wiki (https://aiwiki.ai), a free encyclopedia of artificial intelligence. Quote with attribution.

**1X EVE** is a wheeled [humanoid robot](/wiki/humanoid_robots) developed by [1X Technologies](/wiki/1x_technologies) (formerly Halodi Robotics), a Norwegian-American robotics company founded in 2014. EVE is 1X's first commercial android: instead of bipedal legs it rides on a self-balancing two-wheeled base, standing 188 cm (6 ft 2 in) tall, weighing 87 kg (192 lb), traveling up to 4 m/s (about 9 mph), and carrying loads of up to 15 kg (33 lb) for security, logistics, and healthcare tasks.[5][9] First publicly demonstrated in July 2017 and in commercial deployment from 2022, EVE predates 1X's bipedal [NEO](/wiki/1x_neo) home humanoid and served as the data-gathering platform that made NEO possible.[5][28]

| 1X EVE | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| **Manufacturer** | [1X Technologies](/wiki/1x_technologies) |
| **Country of origin** | Norway |
| **Year introduced** | 2018 (prototype); 2022 (commercial deployment) |
| **Status** | In production (marketed as EVE Industrial) |
| **Type** | Wheeled humanoid android |
| **Height** | 188 cm (6 ft 2 in) |
| **Weight** | 87 kg (192 lb) |
| **Degrees of freedom** | 25 |
| **Max speed** | 4 m/s (14.4 km/h / 9 mph) |
| **Payload capacity** | 15 kg (33 lb) |
| **Battery** | 1.05 kWh lithium-ion |
| **Runtime** | 4 to 6 hours |
| **Actuation** | Revo1 quasi direct-drive |
| **Compute** | Intel i7 (control) + NVIDIA Jetson Xavier (AI) |
| **Website** | [1x.tech/eve](https://www.1x.tech/eve) |

## What is 1X EVE?

1X EVE is a wheeled, self-balancing android that pairs a roughly human-sized humanoid upper body with a two-wheeled mobile base rather than legs. It was 1X Technologies' first commercial robot platform, designed to work alongside people in security, logistics, retail, and healthcare settings. Standing 188 cm (6 ft 2 in) tall and weighing 87 kg (192 lb) including its battery, EVE travels at speeds up to 4 m/s (about 9 mph) and lifts payloads of up to 15 kg (33 lb).[5][9] By mounting a manipulator-equipped torso on a Segway-style balancing base, 1X sidestepped the difficulty of stable bipedal walking and was able to put robots into paying customer sites years before most legged competitors.[6]

EVE is notable for being one of the first humanoid robots to reach large-scale commercial deployment. In March 2022, ADT Commercial (now Everon) placed what was described as the world's largest single order for humanoid robots, contracting 140 EVE units for autonomous security patrols in commercial buildings across the United States.[1] Beyond security, EVE has been deployed in logistics, retail, and healthcare pilot programs across Europe and the United States.

EVE's real-world operational experience gave [1X Technologies](/wiki/1x_technologies) the data and engineering lessons that directly informed [1X NEO](/wiki/1x_neo), the company's bipedal humanoid designed for home environments. EVE continues to serve in industrial and enterprise roles where its wheeled design offers practical advantages over legged locomotion. As of 2025 the platform is marketed as **EVE Industrial** and remains in active commercial deployment as a proving ground for the company's [embodied AI](/wiki/embodied_ai) models.[30]

## Who makes EVE, and how did 1X Technologies get started?

### Company founding

[1X Technologies](/wiki/1x_technologies) was founded in May 2014 in Moss, Norway, by roboticist Bernt Oivind Bornich alongside co-founders Phuong Nguyen, Jorgen Sundell, and Pal Loken.[2] Originally named **Halodi Robotics**, the company set out to develop safe, general-purpose robots capable of operating alongside humans in shared environments. Bornich, who studied Robotics and Nanoelectronics at the University of Oslo, had been fascinated by electromechanics since childhood and believed that creating truly useful robots required a fundamentally different approach to actuation and control.[3]

From its inception, the company rejected the conventional approach of using high-ratio harmonic gear drives, which were standard in industrial robotics at the time. These traditional actuators introduced significant friction and reflected inertia, making them poorly suited for robots that needed to interact safely with humans. Instead, the Halodi team pursued a novel design philosophy centered on low-gear-ratio transmissions and direct-drive motors, drawing inspiration from the way biological tendons transmit force in the human body.

### Revo1 motor development

The company's foundational technology breakthrough came with the development of the **Revo1 motor**, a high-torque brushless DC (BLDC) servo motor paired with a cable-driven differential transmission. First demonstrated publicly at ICRA 2018 (the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation), the Revo1 was described by the company as the world's highest torque-to-weight direct drive servo motor at the time of its development.[4]

The Revo1's design was inspired by human tendon mechanics. Rather than coupling motors directly to joints through rigid gearboxes, the system uses low-friction cable transmissions to deliver force, similar to how tendons connect muscles to bones. This approach yields several engineering advantages:

- **Near-zero backlash**: The cable transmission eliminates the mechanical play found in conventional gear trains, enabling precise position and force control.
- **Extremely low friction**: Without high-ratio gears, the system avoids the friction losses that degrade performance and generate heat in traditional actuators.
- **High backdrivability**: The joints can be moved easily by external forces (95% backdrivability), meaning the robot yields when pushed rather than resisting, which is essential for safe human interaction.
- **High torque density**: Despite its low-gear-ratio design, the Revo1 delivers substantial torque output relative to its size and weight.

This motor technology became the hardware foundation for EVE and established 1X's competitive differentiation in the humanoid robotics market. The quasi direct-drive approach would later evolve into the Tendon Drive system used in the [NEO Beta](/wiki/1x_technologies_neo_beta) and [NEO Gamma](/wiki/1x_technologies_neo_gamma).

### Early prototyping and first demonstration

Development of EVE began shortly after the company's founding in 2014, with the engineering team iterating on motor designs, control architectures, and mechanical configurations. The first functional prototype was publicly demonstrated in July 2017, performing simple warehouse and kitchen tasks to showcase the robot's manipulation and navigation capabilities.[5] By January 2019, an improved version was shown autonomously navigating warehouse environments on two wheels while sorting packages, validating the wheeled humanoid concept for real-world logistics applications.

The decision to build EVE as a wheeled robot rather than a bipedal walker was a deliberate strategic choice. By mounting a humanoid torso on a self-balancing wheeled base, 1X bypassed the enormous challenge of stable and efficient bipedal locomotion, which remained an unsolved problem at the time for commercial applications. Wheels offered greater reliability, faster movement, longer battery life, and simpler control. This pragmatic design allowed the company to begin deploying robots in real customer environments years before competitors with legged designs, turning commercial facilities into data-collection platforms for training the company's [artificial intelligence](/wiki/artificial_intelligence) systems.[6]

## What are EVE's specifications and design?

### Physical design

EVE has a humanoid upper body mounted on a self-balancing two-wheeled base, with a small caster wheel at the rear for additional stability. The robot's overall form factor is roughly human-sized, standing approximately 188 cm (6 ft 2 in) tall and weighing 87 kg (192 lb) including the battery. The wheeled base allows EVE to navigate smoothly on flat indoor surfaces, take elevators, traverse ramps, and maneuver around corners in commercial and industrial environments.

The robot's exterior uses soft, organically inspired mechanics designed to minimize injury risk during physical contact with humans. All pinch points in the joints are eliminated or enclosed, and the outer surfaces incorporate padding to absorb incidental contact forces. The head unit, designed by Norwegian industrial design firm Eker Design, features dual high-resolution AMOLED displays that render animated facial expressions for intuitive face-to-face communication with human operators and bystanders.[7]

### Degrees of freedom

EVE has 25 [degrees of freedom](/wiki/degrees_of_freedom) (DOF) distributed across its body, enabling a wide range of manipulation and mobility tasks:

| Body region | Degrees of freedom | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Arms | 7 DOF per arm (14 total) | Full reach and dexterity for manipulation tasks |
| Wheeled leg assembly | 6 DOF | Self-balancing locomotion and terrain adaptation |
| Neck | 1 DOF | Head pan/tilt for gaze tracking and perception |
| Hands | 1 DOF per hand (2 total) | Gripper-style end effectors for grasping |
| Wheels | 1 DOF per wheel (2 total) | Independent drive for differential steering |

The 7-DOF arms provide the kinematic reach needed for tasks such as opening doors, retrieving objects from shelves at various heights, handling packages, and squatting down to access floor-level storage. Each arm can handle a payload of up to 8 kg independently, with a combined lift capacity of approximately 15 kg.[8]

### Actuation system

All of EVE's joints are powered by the proprietary **Revo1 quasi direct-drive actuators**. These consist of high-torque-density brushless DC motors paired with low-gear-ratio cable-driven transmissions. The quasi direct-drive approach places EVE in a distinct category from robots that use either fully direct-drive motors (which sacrifice torque for simplicity) or high-ratio harmonic drives (which sacrifice backdrivability for torque).

Key actuation specifications include:

| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Motor type | Brushless DC (BLDC) with cable-driven transmission |
| Gear ratio | Low ratio (quasi direct-drive) |
| Backdrivability | 95% |
| Torque accuracy | 2% |
| Backlash | Near zero |
| Friction | Extremely low |

The 95% backdrivability rating is a critical safety feature. If a human or object collides with EVE's arm, the arm gives way rather than rigidly resisting, dramatically reducing impact forces. The 2% torque accuracy allows EVE to perform delicate manipulation tasks that require precise force control, such as handling fragile objects or operating door handles.[9]

### Perception and sensors

EVE's perception system is built around a multi-camera array developed in partnership with [Immervision](https://www.immervision.com/), a Canadian optics and vision technology company. The system uses three 187-degree panomorph lenses arranged to provide:

- **Stereo forward vision** with a combined field of view exceeding 190 degrees
- **Mono backward vision** for rear awareness
- **4K 360-degree panoramic coverage** when all cameras are combined

| Sensor | Details |
|---|---|
| Front cameras | 2x high-resolution HDR with panomorph lenses |
| Rear camera | 1x HDR with panomorph lens |
| Depth sensing | 3D depth camera in the head unit |
| Audio | Stereo microphones + speaker system |
| Inertial measurement | IMU for balance and orientation |
| Field of view | 360-degree panoramic (combined) |

The high-resolution HDR cameras provide robust perception across varying lighting conditions, which is particularly important for security patrol applications where the robot operates in dimly lit buildings at night. The depth-sensing 3D camera in the head enables precise distance estimation for obstacle avoidance and object manipulation. The perception stack supports [simultaneous localization and mapping](/wiki/slam) (SLAM) for autonomous navigation, enabling EVE to build and maintain spatial maps of its operating environment.[10]

### Computing platform

EVE uses a dual-processor computing architecture that separates real-time motor control from higher-level AI inference:

| Component | Processor | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Real-time control | Intel Core i7 | Joint control, balance, safety monitoring |
| AI inference | [NVIDIA](/wiki/nvidia) Jetson Xavier | Computer vision, neural networks, path planning |

The Intel i7 handles the deterministic, low-latency tasks required for stable balancing and responsive motor control. The NVIDIA Jetson Xavier module runs the higher-level perception and planning algorithms, including the vision-based [neural network](/wiki/neural_network) that governs autonomous behavior. The software stack is built on a custom Linux-based operating system and incorporates [ROS 2](/wiki/robot_operating_system) (Robot Operating System 2), [OpenCV](/wiki/opencv), and a mix of Python, C++, and Java applications.[11]

### Power system

EVE is powered by a 1.05 kWh lithium-ion battery pack that provides between 4 and 6 hours of continuous operation depending on workload intensity. Security patrol operations, which involve relatively steady movement with occasional stops, tend toward the longer end of the runtime range. More physically demanding tasks involving frequent arm manipulation and heavy lifting reduce the runtime. The battery can be recharged in approximately one hour, and EVE is capable of autonomously navigating to its charging station and self-docking when battery levels drop below a threshold.[12]

### Performance summary

| Specification | Value |
|---|---|
| Height | 188 cm (6 ft 2 in) |
| Weight | 87 kg (192 lb) |
| Degrees of freedom | 25 |
| Maximum speed | 4 m/s (14.4 km/h / 9 mph) |
| Payload capacity | 15 kg (33 lb) |
| Per-arm payload | 8 kg (17.6 lb) |
| Battery capacity | 1.05 kWh (lithium-ion) |
| Runtime | 4 to 6 hours |
| Recharge time | ~1 hour |
| Actuation | Revo1 quasi direct-drive |
| Backdrivability | 95% |
| Control processor | Intel Core i7 |
| AI processor | NVIDIA Jetson Xavier |
| Vision system | 3x HDR cameras (360-degree coverage) |
| Safety rating | HIC < 250 |
| Operating system | Custom Linux (ROS 2, OpenCV) |

## How does EVE's autonomous AI work?

### Vision-based neural network control

EVE's autonomous behavior is governed by a single vision-based [neural network](/wiki/neural_network) that operates at 10 Hz, processing camera feeds and generating control commands for driving, arm movements, gripper operation, torso adjustments, and head positioning. This end-to-end approach means that a single learned model handles all aspects of the robot's physical behavior, rather than relying on separate hand-engineered modules for navigation, manipulation, and obstacle avoidance.[13]

In a widely publicized demonstration released in late 2023, 1X showcased 30 EVE robots performing autonomous warehouse and facility tasks. The company stated that every behavior shown in the video was controlled entirely by neural networks, with no teleoperation, scripted trajectories, video edits, or speed alterations. The robots demonstrated tasks including picking items from various heights, placing objects into containers, opening doors independently, navigating to charging stations, and self-charging through a squatting docking maneuver.[14]

### How is EVE trained?

1X developed EVE's autonomous capabilities through an iterative [machine learning](/wiki/machine_learning) process that combines imitation learning, teleoperation data, and progressive fine-tuning:

1. **Teleoperation data collection**: Human operators wearing VR headsets remotely control EVE robots through a system called **1X Studio**, performing tasks as if they were physically present. Every camera frame and motor command is recorded.
2. **Base model training**: Data from diverse tasks (household activities, social interactions, robotic collaboration) is aggregated to train a broad foundational model that captures general physical behaviors.
3. **Specialized fine-tuning**: The base model is refined into domain-specific variants, such as models optimized for door manipulation or warehouse operations.
4. **Site-specific adaptation**: Individual robots receive final fine-tuning for their particular deployment environment, a process that requires only a few minutes of data collection and training on a desktop GPU.[15]

This hierarchical training approach allows 1X to deploy EVE in new environments relatively quickly while maintaining robust general-purpose capabilities. The company described this system as "a data engine for solving general-purpose mobile manipulation tasks in a completely end-to-end manner."[16]

### Natural language control upgrade

In June 2024, 1X demonstrated an AI upgrade that allowed EVE to be directed with high-level natural language commands rather than only through VR teleoperation. The system chained together short-horizon skills from a collection of small models into longer task sequences, effectively merging several single-task models into goal-conditioned models. This shifted the operating model so that a single human could direct multiple robots by issuing language instructions rather than steering one robot at a time. Eric Jang, then 1X's vice president of AI, summarized the result by noting that "from the user perspective, the robot is capable of doing many natural language tasks and the actual number of models controlling the robot is abstracted away."[31]

### Shared autonomy and teleoperation

EVE supports a **shared autonomy** operating model in which the robot handles routine tasks autonomously while human operators can intervene remotely for complex or unforeseen situations. An operator wearing a VR headset can "teleport" into any EVE unit, seeing through its cameras and controlling its body in real time. This telepresence capability serves dual purposes: it provides a fallback for situations beyond the robot's autonomous capabilities, and every teleoperation session generates training data that improves the AI models.

A single human operator can manage up to 15 EVE units simultaneously in a supervisory role, intervening only when a robot encounters a situation it cannot handle autonomously. This ratio is a key part of EVE's commercial value proposition, as it allows a small team of human operators to oversee a large fleet of robots across multiple facilities.[17]

### What is the OpenAI partnership with 1X?

In March 2023, [OpenAI](/wiki/openai) led a $23.5 million Series A2 investment in 1X Technologies, marking one of the first major investments by the OpenAI Startup Fund into a robotics company.[18] The partnership went beyond financial investment. 1X began integrating its foundational embodied intelligence models with OpenAI's [large language models](/wiki/large_language_model) for high-level planning and natural language instruction comprehension. This integration allowed EVE to process voice commands and translate them into physical actions, bridging the gap between human language and robot behavior.

The OpenAI relationship significantly accelerated EVE's autonomy progress. By combining 1X's embodied learning models (trained on real-world robot interaction data) with OpenAI's language and reasoning capabilities, the system achieved more flexible and generalizable task execution than either approach could deliver independently.

## Where has EVE been deployed?

### ADT Commercial (Everon) security contract

EVE's most significant commercial deployment came through a partnership with **ADT Commercial** (later rebranded as Everon), one of the largest security services providers in the United States. The relationship began in 2020 when ADT invested in Halodi Robotics and the two companies began co-developing autonomous security patrol capabilities.[19]

In March 2022, ADT Commercial signed an agreement to purchase 140 EVE units for deployment in autonomous night security patrols at commercial buildings across the United States. This order was described at the time as the world's largest single order for humanoid robots.[1] Each EVE unit cost approximately 1 million Norwegian kroner (roughly $100,000 USD) to manufacture, while ADT leased each robot for about 500,000 kroner ($50,000 USD) per year, giving the contract an estimated annual value of approximately 70 million kroner ($7 million USD).[20]

The security deployment showcased several of EVE's core capabilities:

- **Autonomous patrols**: EVE robots navigated predetermined routes through commercial buildings, using SLAM to maintain awareness of their position and detect anomalies.
- **Door and access checking**: The robots verified that doors were locked and secured during nighttime sweeps.
- **Elevator navigation**: EVE could autonomously call and ride elevators to patrol multi-story buildings.
- **Two-way communication**: Remote operators could speak through EVE's speaker system to address intruders or communicate with authorized personnel.
- **VR telepresence**: When a robot detected something requiring human judgment, a security operator could assume direct control through VR to investigate more closely.

At CES 2023 in Las Vegas, ADT Commercial unveiled its **EvoGuard** brand of intelligent autonomous guarding solutions, featuring EVE as the humanoid robot component alongside the Tando autonomous indoor drone (developed with Israel-based Indoor Robotics). 1X CEO Bernt Bornich demonstrated EVE's patrol capabilities live at ADT's booth. EvoGuard was positioned as a response to high turnover rates and ongoing labor shortages in the commercial security industry, offering 24/7 surveillance capability without the staffing challenges of human guards.[21]

Reports from various sources indicate that between 150 and 250 EVE robots were ultimately deployed or contracted through the ADT/Everon partnership for commercial building security across the United States. Security teams oversee the fleet through a browser-based dashboard that streams live 360-degree video from each unit and allows an operator to take direct control when a situation calls for it.[32] The Everon business itself continued to evolve after its split from ADT, agreeing in September 2025 to acquire ADT's multifamily security operations, which further expanded the commercial footprint in which autonomous guarding solutions such as EVE are marketed.[33]

### Healthcare deployments

EVE was deployed in healthcare settings, most notably at **Sunnaas Hospital** in Norway, one of the country's leading rehabilitation hospitals. In this environment, EVE assisted with tasks such as meal delivery, patient monitoring, and facility support operations. The hospital deployment provided valuable data on human-robot interaction in sensitive healthcare contexts, where safety and reliability are paramount.[22]

The Belgian elderly care organization **I-Mens** also conducted paid pilot programs with EVE, exploring the robot's potential for assisting care workers with routine tasks in residential care facilities.

### Logistics and retail pilots

Several other organizations conducted commercial pilot programs with EVE:

- **Altopack**, an Italian packaging firm, tested EVE in warehouse and manufacturing logistics operations.
- **Strongpoint**, a Norwegian retail technology company, explored EVE's capabilities for shelf restocking, hazard identification, item location assistance, and customer fulfillment tasks.

These deployments expanded EVE's operational data set beyond security applications, contributing to the breadth of the company's training data for embodied AI development.

### Other notable deployments

Norwegian universities gained access to EVE units for academic research purposes, allowing researchers to study human-robot interaction, autonomous navigation, and manipulation in controlled settings. Additionally, the robot was used by organizations including the U.S. Department of Defense for building surveillance applications, where fleets of up to 10 EVE robots could autonomously patrol large facility areas with a single centralized human operator available for VR intervention when needed.[23]

In November 2024, EVE gained unexpected mainstream attention when popular Twitch streamer Kai Cenat featured an EVE unit during his Mafiathon 2 livestream, stating he had purchased the robot for approximately $24,000.[24]

### 2024 to 2026 developments

EVE's commercial role continued to mature through 2024, 2025, and into 2026 even as 1X concentrated most of its capital and engineering on the bipedal [NEO](/wiki/1x_neo) line. As of mid-2025, EVE was still in active commercial deployment, marketed under the **EVE Industrial** name, and the company continued producing it alongside NEO so that fleets in the field would keep generating real-world operational data for 1X's foundation models.[30]

During this period 1X reshaped itself around the home-robot opportunity while keeping EVE in service:

- **September 2025 funding talks**: 1X entered discussions to raise up to $1 billion at a targeted valuation of at least $10 billion, a figure CEO Bernt Bornich described to employees and investors on September 22, 2025. The target represented roughly a 12x increase over the company's valuation of about $820 million at the January 2024 Series B. The round was reported as in progress rather than confirmed closed, and would fund NEO scale-up while EVE remained the company's deployed-fleet workhorse.[34]
- **October 28, 2025 NEO pre-orders**: 1X opened consumer pre-orders for NEO at $20,000 (delivery expected in late 2026) or a $499 per month subscription, formalizing the home robot as the company's flagship and positioning EVE as the earlier industrial platform that proved out the underlying technology.[35]
- **December 11, 2025 EQT industrial partnership**: 1X announced a strategic partnership with the investment firm EQT to deploy up to 10,000 NEO units across EQT's more than 300 portfolio companies between 2026 and 2030, concentrated in manufacturing, warehousing, and logistics. Coverage of the deal noted that 1X already had a robot built for industrial purposes in EVE Industrial, but that this particular agreement would be served by the NEO humanoid, signaling that NEO is intended to extend into the commercial and industrial workflows that EVE pioneered.[36]

Taken together, these developments confirm that EVE was not formally retired. It remained supported and in service for existing enterprise customers through 2026, while the bipedal NEO assumed the company's growth narrative for both home and industrial markets.

## How was EVE manufactured?

EVE manufacturing was conducted at two facilities: the company's original site in Moss, Norway, and a facility in Dallas, Texas. The dual-location production strategy allowed 1X to serve both European and North American customers while maintaining proximity to its engineering teams on both continents.

The third-generation production version of EVE cost approximately $100,000 per unit to manufacture, reflecting the complexity of the Revo1 actuator system and the integrated perception and computing hardware. This unit cost positioned EVE as an enterprise-grade product rather than a consumer device, with the ADT leasing model (approximately $50,000 per year per unit) providing a recurring revenue stream for 1X.[20]

The company's manufacturing goal during the 2022 to 2023 period was 140 units to fulfill the ADT contract, with additional units produced for healthcare, logistics, and research customers. This production experience gave 1X valuable lessons in scaling humanoid robot manufacturing, lessons that would inform the company's later investment in a dedicated in-house manufacturing facility in Hayward, California, for [NEO](/wiki/1x_neo) production. 1X has stated that NEO's production process was deliberately made more efficient than EVE's, underpinning a roadmap that targets thousands of units in 2025, tens of thousands in 2026, hundreds of thousands in 2027, and millions in 2028.[36]

## How is EVE engineered for safety?

Safety was a central design priority for EVE, given that the robot operates in shared environments alongside human workers, patients, and the general public. The Revo1 quasi direct-drive actuator system provides the hardware foundation for safe operation, but 1X implemented multiple additional layers of safety:

### Mechanical safety

- **Low reflected inertia**: The quasi direct-drive design minimizes the effective inertia of the robot's limbs, meaning that if EVE's arm strikes a person, the impact force is substantially lower than it would be with a conventional high-gear-ratio actuator.
- **Backdrivable joints**: At 95% backdrivability, EVE's joints can be easily pushed aside by a human, preventing the robot from pinning or trapping someone.
- **Pinch-free joints**: All joints are designed with enclosed mechanisms that eliminate external pinch points where fingers or skin could be caught.
- **Soft exterior surfaces**: Padded, soft-shell coverings over the robot's body reduce the severity of any contact events.
- **Head Injury Criterion (HIC) rating below 250**: This standardized safety metric indicates that the forces generated by EVE during potential collisions fall within safe limits for human interaction.[25]

### Software safety

- **Collision avoidance**: The perception system continuously monitors the robot's surroundings and adjusts its path to avoid obstacles, including moving humans.
- **Human-aware navigation**: EVE's planning algorithms account for the presence and predicted movements of nearby people, maintaining safe distances and slowing down in crowded areas.
- **Multiple emergency stop protocols**: Both software-triggered and hardware-accessible emergency stops allow immediate halting of all robot motion.
- **Geofencing**: Deployment-specific boundaries can be configured to prevent EVE from entering restricted areas.

## How does EVE differ from NEO?

EVE and NEO represent two distinct generations of 1X hardware: EVE is the wheeled, enterprise-focused first platform, while [NEO](/wiki/1x_neo) is the lighter, bipedal, home-focused successor. The clearest differences are locomotion (wheels versus legs), size and weight (EVE is taller and far heavier), and hand dexterity (EVE uses simple grippers, while NEO has high-DOF hands). EVE served as far more than a standalone commercial product for 1X Technologies: it functioned as the critical proving ground for the hardware, software, and operational strategies later applied to NEO.

### Hardware lessons

The Revo1 quasi direct-drive technology validated in EVE became the conceptual ancestor of NEO's Tendon Drive actuation system. While NEO uses a more advanced tendon-based transmission rather than EVE's cable-driven system, the core principles of low-gear-ratio actuation, high backdrivability, and safe force control carried directly from one platform to the other. The engineering team's years of experience with Revo1 reliability, maintenance, and performance characteristics informed every aspect of NEO's actuator design.[26]

### AI and data collection

Perhaps EVE's most important contribution to NEO was the massive dataset of real-world operational data it generated. By deploying hundreds of EVE units in commercial facilities across multiple industries and countries, 1X accumulated an enormous volume of sensor recordings, teleoperation sessions, and autonomous operation logs. This data was used to train the foundational AI models that would later be adapted for NEO's Redwood AI system.

The iterative training pipeline developed for EVE (base model training, specialized fine-tuning, site-specific adaptation) established the methodology that 1X continues to use for NEO. The company's approach of treating deployed robots as continuous data-collection platforms, where every autonomous action and every teleoperation session contributes to model improvement, was proven at scale with EVE before being applied to the home robotics domain.[27]

### Operational lessons

Running a fleet of humanoid robots in real commercial facilities taught 1X practical lessons that cannot be learned in a laboratory:

- **Reliability requirements**: Commercial customers expect consistent uptime, which forced 1X to harden EVE's hardware and software for continuous multi-hour operation.
- **Human interaction patterns**: Observing how security guards, hospital workers, retail employees, and building occupants interacted with EVE informed the design of NEO's more approachable, softer appearance.
- **Deployment logistics**: The practical challenges of shipping, installing, configuring, and maintaining robots across multiple sites informed 1X's approach to NEO's consumer deployment strategy.
- **Regulatory and compliance**: Operating robots in healthcare facilities, government buildings, and commercial properties exposed 1X to diverse regulatory frameworks that shaped the company's safety engineering standards.

### Why did 1X switch from wheels to legs?

While EVE's wheeled design proved effective for flat indoor environments, 1X recognized that a home robot would need to handle stairs, navigate cluttered rooms, and access the full range of spaces designed for human bodies. The transition from wheels to legs in [NEO](/wiki/1x_neo) was a strategic decision driven by the target environment. Bipedal locomotion allows NEO to shuffle sideways through narrow passages, brace against surfaces for leverage, lean for balance during heavy lifting, and access multi-level homes without requiring ramps or elevators.

1X CEO Bernt Bornich has described EVE as the company's "workhorse" that gathered "the mountains of data needed to teach an AI how to exist outside a laboratory," enabling the company to approach the far more challenging problem of bipedal home robotics with a foundation of real-world operational experience that few competitors possess.[28]

## Is EVE still in production?

As of 2026, EVE remains in production and continues to operate in deployed enterprise environments. The robot is marketed as **EVE Industrial**, reflecting its positioning for commercial and institutional applications. Existing deployments in security, logistics, and healthcare continue to function, and the robot's operational data still feeds into 1X's AI training pipelines.[30]

However, 1X's primary strategic focus has shifted to the [NEO](/wiki/1x_neo) platform. The company's $100 million Series B funding round in January 2024, led by EQT Ventures with participation from Samsung Next and the OpenAI Startup Fund, was directed primarily toward scaling NEO production and AI development.[29] In July 2025 the company relocated its global headquarters from Norway to a new campus in Palo Alto, California, while retaining manufacturing in Moss, Norway, and operating a dedicated NEO production facility in Hayward, California. That move further signaled the company's emphasis on consumer robotics over industrial deployments. In September 2025 the company began raising a far larger round, targeting up to $1 billion at a valuation of at least $10 billion to accelerate NEO.[34] In October 2025 it opened NEO pre-orders, and in December 2025 it announced the EQT partnership to place NEO units in industrial and logistics settings, the same kinds of workflows EVE first demonstrated.[35][36]

EVE is no longer being actively marketed to new consumer customers, though it remains available and supported for existing deployments and continues to be offered as the company's industrial platform. Its legacy is best measured not in unit sales but in the operational knowledge, training data, and engineering heritage it provided to the NEO program.

## How does EVE compare with the NEO platforms?

| Feature | EVE | [NEO Beta](/wiki/1x_technologies_neo_beta) | [NEO Gamma](/wiki/1x_technologies_neo_gamma) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Year introduced | 2018 | 2024 | 2025 |
| Locomotion | Wheeled (self-balancing) | Bipedal | Bipedal |
| Height | 188 cm (6 ft 2 in) | 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 167 cm (5 ft 6 in) |
| Weight | 87 kg (192 lb) | 30 kg (66 lb) | 30 kg (66 lb) |
| Degrees of freedom | 25 | ~75 | 75 |
| Hand DOF | 1 per hand (gripper) | 22 per hand | 22 per hand |
| Max speed | 14.4 km/h (9 mph) | 12 km/h (7.5 mph) | 12 km/h (7.5 mph) |
| Battery life | 4 to 6 hours | 2 to 4 hours | Up to 5.5 hours |
| Noise level | Not specified | ~32 dB | ~22 dB |
| Actuation | Revo1 quasi direct-drive | Tendon Drive | Tendon Drive |
| Target market | Enterprise / industrial | Home / consumer | Home / consumer |
| AI compute | Intel i7 + NVIDIA Xavier | Not disclosed | 1X NEO Cortex (NVIDIA Jetson Thor) |

## See also

- [1X Technologies](/wiki/1x_technologies)
- [1X NEO](/wiki/1x_neo)
- [NEO Beta](/wiki/1x_technologies_neo_beta)
- [NEO Gamma](/wiki/1x_technologies_neo_gamma)
- [Humanoid robots](/wiki/humanoid_robots)
- [Robotics](/wiki/robotics)
- [Degrees of freedom](/wiki/degrees_of_freedom)
- [SLAM](/wiki/slam)
- [Embodied AI](/wiki/embodied_ai)
- [Reinforcement learning](/wiki/reinforcement_learning)

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