# Twist Bioscience

> Source: https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/twist_bioscience
> Updated: 2026-09-23
> Fact-checked: 2026-09-23
> Categories: AI for Science, Companies, Drug Discovery
> License: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) - attribute to "AI Wiki (aiwiki.ai)"
> Cite as: AI Wiki. "Twist Bioscience." aiwiki.ai, 23 Sept 2026. https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/twist_bioscience
> From AI Wiki (https://aiwiki.ai), the free encyclopedia of artificial intelligence. Reuse freely with attribution.

**Twist Bioscience Corporation** (Nasdaq: TWST) is an American synthetic biology company that manufactures synthetic DNA by "writing" it on silicon chips, and sells genes, oligonucleotide pools, next-generation sequencing (NGS) tools, antibody libraries, protein expression and antibody discovery services built on that platform.[1] It was incorporated in Delaware on February 4, 2013, by Emily Leproust, Bill Banyai and Bill Peck, and is headquartered in South San Francisco, California, with its main manufacturing plant in Wilsonville, Oregon.[1][2] The company went public on Nasdaq in 2018 and reported revenue of $376.6 million for its fiscal year ended September 30, 2025.[2][15]

In the AI field Twist is best known as a wet-lab supplier for machine-learning drug and protein design. Designs produced by generative models are only sequences until someone synthesizes the DNA that encodes them and tests the resulting proteins, and Twist sells both steps. In 2026 it became a lab partner for [Amazon Web Services](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/amazon_web_services)' Amazon Bio Discovery, an external evaluator for [Anthropic](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/anthropic)'s Claude protein-design experiments, the DNA supplier for the Anthropic and [Adaptyv Bio](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/adaptyv_bio) protein design competition, and a data provider for Eli Lilly's TuneLab AI platform.[24][26][28][29][31] A Twist scientist also co-authored a 2025 *Science* paper, led by [Microsoft](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/microsoft), on closing a gap that let AI-redesigned toxic proteins evade the screening software used by DNA synthesis providers.[35]

## Overview

| Field | Detail |
|---|---|
| Legal name | Twist Bioscience Corporation |
| Incorporated | February 4, 2013 (Delaware)[2] |
| Founders | Emily M. Leproust, William (Bill) Banyai, Bill Peck[2] |
| Headquarters | 681 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California[22] |
| Chief executive | Emily M. Leproust (CEO since April 2013, Chair since October 2018)[3] |
| Listing | Nasdaq Global Select Market, ticker TWST, IPO prospectus dated October 30, 2018[2] |
| Fiscal year end | September 30[1] |
| Revenue, FY2025 | $376.6 million[15] |
| Revenue, Q3 FY2026 (quarter ended June 30, 2026) | $118.4 million[18] |
| Employees | 979 (September 30, 2025)[1] |
| Main manufacturing sites | Wilsonville, Oregon; South San Francisco, California[1] |
| Spin-outs | Revelar Biotherapeutics (2021), Atlas Data Storage (2025)[9][12] |

## History

### Founding

Twist's core technology began as a collaboration between two of its co-founders, Bill Banyai and Bill Peck, who worked on a new oligonucleotide synthesis and gene assembly method built on silicon structures.[2] Both came from Complete Genomics, the genome sequencing company: according to the IPO prospectus, Banyai had been its vice president of hardware engineering from 2006 to 2013, and Peck its director of fluidic systems from 2008 to 2013.[2] Emily Leproust, the third co-founder, had worked at Agilent Technologies, most recently as director of applications and chemistry R&D from February 2009 to April 2013. She holds an M.Sc. in industrial chemistry from the Lyon School of Industrial Chemistry and a Ph.D. in organic chemistry from the University of Houston.[2][3] In February 2013 the company issued 1,818,000 founder shares to the three in exchange for intellectual property and other assets.[2] Leproust has been CEO since April 2013 and a director since the same month. She was also president until October 2022 and has chaired the board since October 2018.[3] At the time of the IPO Banyai was chief operating officer and Peck chief technology officer.[2]

At the time of its IPO the company's principal executive offices were at 455 Mission Bay Boulevard South in San Francisco.[2] Its early customer base leaned heavily on industrial synthetic biology. In the nine months ended June 30, 2018, Ginkgo Bioworks, which the prospectus described as the largest global purchaser of synthetic DNA, accounted for $5.5 million, or 32%, of Twist's $17.0 million in revenue.[2]

### Agilent litigation

Agilent sued in February 2016 in California Superior Court (Santa Clara County), alleging trade secret misappropriation by Twist and related claims against Leproust.[2][4] On February 6, 2020, Twist, Leproust and two other individuals settled with Agilent. Twist agreed to pay $22.5 million in cash, both sides released their claims, and Agilent granted Twist a limited non-exclusive license to the trade secrets it had asserted and agreed not to sue over certain related patents.[4]

### IPO and follow-on offerings

Twist's IPO sold 5,000,000 shares at $14.00 each, raising $70.0 million before underwriting costs, under a prospectus dated October 30, 2018. The shares were approved for listing on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol TWST.[2] The company later raised equity in several underwritten offerings:

| Date | Offering | Price per share |
|---|---|---|
| October 30, 2018 | IPO, 5,000,000 shares[2] | $14.00 |
| February 19, 2020 | 4,642,857 shares plus a 696,428-share option[5] | $28.00 |
| December 2, 2020 | 3,136,362 company shares (including the exercised option) plus 75,000 shares from selling stockholders[6] | $110.00 |
| August 4, 2026 | 3,125,000 shares plus 468,750 option shares (option exercised August 5), expected net proceeds of about $327.1 million[22][23] | $96.00 |

The August 2026 offering was upsized from a proposed $250 million to $300 million in gross proceeds before the option. Twist said it would use the money for research and development, manufacturing capacity, product offerings, and working capital.[22][23] In June 2026 the company had also set up an at-the-market program to sell up to $200 million of stock through TD Securities; no shares had been sold under it as of June 30, 2026.[19]

### Wilsonville factory, acquisitions and restructuring

In December 2020 Twist leased about 110,995 square feet at 26600 SW Parkway Avenue in Wilsonville, Oregon, as a second manufacturing facility, and in April 2021 it added roughly 101,000 square feet in the same building.[38][7] The company calls the Wilsonville plant its "Factory of the Future".[10] By fiscal 2025 all synthetic biology production had been consolidated there, and its Express product line is made only in Wilsonville.[1]

On November 1, 2021, Twist moved an antibody for SARS-CoV-2, discovered and optimized by its Twist Biopharma division, into a new independent company, Revelar Biotherapeutics, and committed up to $10.0 million in seed funding.[9] Later that month it agreed to acquire Abveris (AbX Biologics) for up to $190 million, mostly in stock, adding in vivo antibody discovery using hyperimmune DiversimAb mouse strains.[8][9]

In May 2023 the board approved a restructuring plan that included a reduction in force affecting about 270 employees worldwide.[10]

### Scorpion Capital report and shareholder litigation

On November 15, 2022, the short seller Scorpion Capital published a report that, according to Twist's filings, targeted the company's DNA chip technology and accounting practices, among other things. A securities class action (*Peters v. Twist Bioscience Corporation*, N.D. Cal.) filed on December 12, 2022, relied largely on that report and named the company, its CEO and its CFO. Shareholder derivative suits followed in Delaware.[1][19] On September 3, 2025, the court granted the defendants' motion to dismiss in part and denied it in part.[1] On March 31, 2026, the parties reached a settlement in principle of about $17.1 million, most of it expected to be paid by Twist's liability insurers. The court granted preliminary approval on July 17, 2026, and scheduled the final approval hearing for November 18, 2026. The derivative cases reached a separate settlement in principle in July 2026 that provides for governance changes and a fee of about $1.0 million paid by insurers.[19]

On August 19, 2026, the day after Anthropic's protein-design report was published, Reuters reported that Scorpion Capital said it was short Twist.[37]

### Spin-out of DNA data storage (2025)

On May 2, 2025, Twist transferred its DNA data storage product group to a new company, Atlas Data Storage, Inc., which had raised about $155 million in seed financing. In return Twist received $2.5 million in cash, Series Seed-1 preferred stock equal to about 24% of Atlas's fully diluted capital, a $2.0 million secured promissory note, up to $75 million in future milestone payments, and royalties on Atlas sales.[12] Seed investors named in the announcement included ARCH Venture Partners, Deerfield Management, Bezos Expeditions, Tao Capital Partners, Earth Foundry, Rsquared VC and In-Q-Tel. Varun Mehta, founder of Nimble Storage, became CEO.[13] Twist recorded a $48.8 million gain on the sale.[18] The transaction is covered in more detail under [DNA data storage and Atlas](#dna-data-storage-and-atlas) below.

### Invenra bispecific license (2026)

In February 2026 Twist licensed Invenra Inc.'s B-Body bispecific antibody platform on a co-exclusive basis for an initial seven-year term. It paid $5 million in cash and $15 million in stock (part of it contingent on technology transfer) and bought about a 6% stake in Invenra from existing holders for $13.8 million in stock, a total commitment of $33.8 million. Twist pays Invenra a 20% royalty on license revenue.[19][20][21] The announcement positioned the platform as a source of high-throughput bispecific characterization data for "AI-enabled and traditional drug discovery."[21]

## Technology

Twist's platform shrinks conventional phosphoramidite DNA synthesis chemistry onto silicon chips. According to its fiscal 2025 annual report, each chip, about the size of a large mobile phone, can write more than 1,000,000 oligonucleotides up to 500 bases long. The company estimates that this uses 99.8% less chemical per gene than plate-based synthesis.[1] It pairs the chips with proprietary software, automation and an e-commerce system through which customers design, quote and order DNA online.[1]

| Product (FY2025 10-K) | Specification |
|---|---|
| Clonal and non-clonal genes | Up to 5,000 base pairs[1] |
| Gene fragments | Error rate of 1 in 7,500 nucleotides[1] |
| Oligo pools | From a few hundred to over one million oligos, up to 500 nucleotides, error rate 1 in 3,000[1] |
| Express Genes (introduced November 2023) | Clonal genes in 5 business days[1] |
| IgG proteins | High-throughput antibody expression in CHO and HEK293 cells, with characterization assays[1] |

In 2026 the company launched Complex Genes, a service for long, repetitive or GC-extreme sequences that it previously turned away. It became commercially available after an early-access period.[18] A May 2026 *R&D World* article described the product as partly a bet on AI-generated protein sequences, which, as president and COO Patrick Finn put it, are optimized for biological performance rather than manufacturability. The article reported that Twist expected the service to raise acceptance to about 99.5% of clonal gene sequences, from about 97% at the time.[34]

## Business segments

Through fiscal 2025 Twist reported three revenue lines: SynBio ($145.0 million in FY2025), NGS ($208.1 million) and Biopharma ($23.5 million).[15] Starting in fiscal 2026 it combined synthetic biology tools and biopharma services into one line, DNA Synthesis and Protein Solutions (DSPS), and renamed NGS tools to NGS Applications.[19] In the third quarter of fiscal 2026, DSPS revenue grew 39% year over year to $56.6 million and NGS Applications grew 12% to $61.8 million.[18]

- **DNA synthesis and protein solutions.** Genes, gene fragments, oligo pools, variant and antibody libraries, RNA, IgG proteins and characterization assays, plus antibody discovery services that Twist describes as combining in vivo, in vitro and in silico methods.[1] As of September 30, 2025, the company had signed 442 revenue-generating biopharma partnerships. Partners it names include Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Takeda, Astellas, Ono Pharmaceutical and Kyowa Kirin.[1] In October 2024 XOMA Royalty paid Twist $15 million for half of the future milestones and royalties from its existing collaborations.[1]
- **NGS applications.** Target enrichment panels, exome kits, library preparation kits and related workflows, sold mainly to diagnostic companies, hospitals and research institutions for uses such as rare disease testing, liquid biopsy and minimal residual disease testing.[1]

By customer sector, fiscal 2025 revenue was $215.1 million from healthcare, $93.2 million from chemicals and materials, $65.9 million from academic research and $2.4 million from food and agriculture, across more than 3,800 customers.[1] Competitors named in the 10-K include GenScript, Integrated DNA Technologies (Danaher), Thermo Fisher's GeneArt, Eurofins Genomics, Elegen and Ansa Biotechnologies in synthetic DNA, and Illumina, Roche and Agilent in NGS sample preparation.[1]

## Role in AI-driven protein and antibody design

### Data for machine-learning models

Twist's filings describe AI as both a growth driver and a risk. The fiscal 2025 annual report says customers running AI-enabled antibody discovery platforms can use Twist to produce antibodies and "comprehensive high quality characterization data" for developing and refining their algorithms.[1] The company lists evaluating AI applications among its research projects.[1] The same filing's risk factors warn that AI could be a significant disruptor in synthetic biology and "may reduce customer demand for certain types of gene synthesis."[1] Some of its fiscal 2026 quarterly releases report genes manufactured for data characterization alongside genes shipped to customers: in the first quarter, more than 50,000 were made for data characterization in addition to about 271,000 genes physically shipped.[16]

### Partnerships and customer programs

| Date | Partner | What Twist provides |
|---|---|---|
| October 31, 2024 | Absci | Joint program to design a therapeutic antibody against an undisclosed target, using Absci's generative AI de novo design platform and Twist's Multiplexed Gene Fragments and other DNA products. The two companies said they would seek a partner for clinical development.[30] |
| April 2026 | Amazon Web Services (Amazon Bio Discovery) | Integrated wet-lab partner, alongside Ginkgo Bioworks, for AWS's AI antibody design application. In a case AWS described at launch, a Memorial Sloan Kettering team designed nearly 300,000 antibody molecules and sent the top 100,000 to Twist for testing.[31][32] |
| May 8, 2026 | LenioBio | Collaboration adding LenioBio's ALiCE cell-free protein expression system to Twist's manufacturing and characterization, to speed up returning experimental results to customers' AI models.[33] |
| August 18, 2026 | Anthropic | Independent external evaluator (with Adaptyv Bio) that produced and tested Claude-designed protein binders.[24][25] |
| September 16, 2026 | Lilly TuneLab | Antibody characterization data services for TuneLab, Eli Lilly's AI/ML drug discovery platform, including for its AbLab developability prediction model.[29] |
| September 17, 2026 | Anthropic and Adaptyv Bio | Supplies DNA for the protein design competition co-sponsored by Anthropic and Adaptyv.[27][28] |

According to an AWS blog post from May 2026, Twist's Amazon Bio Discovery offering covers DNA synthesis, expression in formats including full-length IgG, VHH, scFv, bispecific and Fab, and assays for binding affinity, developability, thermostability and function. The post says Twist was also the lab partner behind an antibody developability benchmark developed with Johns Hopkins University.[32]

### Anthropic protein-design evaluation

On August 18, 2026, Anthropic published results from a protein design campaign in which [Claude Mythos Preview](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/claude_mythos) and [Claude Opus 4.8](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/claude_opus_4_8), running autonomously with open-source structure design, sequence design and co-folding models, designed minibinders against 16 selected targets. Results were reported for 15 of them. Anthropic wrote that its "external evaluators, Adaptyv Bio and Twist Bioscience, independently produced and tested Claude's designs in the lab."[24] It reported binders against 14 of the 15 targets, 354 binders from 1,320 designs overall, and hit rates of 26.7% for Mythos Preview and 22.6% for Opus 4.8 when designing against all targets at once, and 35.1% for Mythos Preview working one target at a time. It compared these with a typical 10% to 15%.[24] These are Anthropic's own figures from a company report, not a peer-reviewed study.

Twist furnished a Form 8-K dated the same day under Regulation FD, disclosing that Anthropic had chosen it as one of its independent evaluators "to rapidly produce at scale these AI-designed proteins and test these designs for binding."[25] Twist's own summary says it evaluated 1,260 protein binders across 15 targets in less than three weeks.[26] That figure is Twist's own count; it is smaller than the 1,320 designs behind Anthropic's reported results, which match the totals Adaptyv Bio reports from its own testing.

On September 17, 2026, Anthropic announced a follow-on protein design competition with Adaptyv Bio, backed by up to $1 million in Claude credits and $250,000 in [Modal](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/modal) compute credits, with wet-lab validation for more than 5,000 designs. Twist is providing the DNA.[27] The competition runs five weekly challenges from September 28 to October 31, 2026.[28] Related coverage is in [Claude for Life Sciences](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/claude_for_life_sciences) and [Claude Mythos 5.1](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/claude_mythos_5_1).

### Biosecurity screening for AI-designed proteins

DNA synthesis is a checkpoint for AI-enabled biology: a protein designed on a computer has to be ordered as DNA before it can be made. James Diggans of Twist Bioscience is one of twelve authors of "Strengthening nucleic acid biosecurity screening against generative protein design tools," published in *Science* in October 2025. The work was led by Bruce Wittmann and Eric Horvitz of Microsoft, with co-authors from organizations including IBBIS, Battelle, RTX BBN Technologies, Integrated DNA Technologies and Aclid.[35][36] The authors tested whether open-source AI protein design software could reformulate proteins of concern so that the screening tools used by nucleic acid synthesis providers would not detect them. They found such a vulnerability, then developed and deployed patches that "greatly improv[ed] detection rates" of the synthetic variants.[35] Microsoft said the confidential project began in late 2023 and that access to the study's sensitive data and methods is managed through a tiered system set up with IBBIS.[36] Twist's fiscal 2025 results release listed the paper among the company's highlights.[15]

## DNA data storage and Atlas

DNA data storage was a long-running side business for Twist. The 2018 IPO prospectus described strategic relationships with Microsoft and the University of Washington that had "demonstrated the feasibility" of storing digital data in DNA, and listed the two among the customers using Twist DNA for new applications.[2] Twist later described developing its own enzymatic synthesis approach for an enterprise DNA storage product. In April 2021 it said the added Wilsonville space would support product lines including DNA data storage.[7][9]

The May 2025 spin-out moved this work into Atlas Data Storage, which Twist said would focus solely on DNA data storage technology and its commercialization. Twist said the deal would also help it reach adjusted EBITDA breakeven by the end of fiscal 2026.[13] Twist booked its Atlas stake at a fair value of $53.9 million at the acquisition date.[1] Under a license-back agreement, Twist can use improvements Atlas makes to the transferred technology in its own product groups.[12] On December 2, 2025, Atlas announced Atlas Eon 100, which it called the first scalable DNA data storage service. The release quoted Bill Banyai, the Twist co-founder, as "Founder of Atlas Data Storage", and listed preserving data for AI models among the intended uses.[14] Twist's filings refer to the company as Atlas Data Storage in the May 2025 agreement and as "Atlas Biosciences, Inc." in the June 2026 quarterly report.[12][19]

## Financial results

Twist has recorded a net loss every year since its founding. It reported an accumulated deficit of $1,429.2 million as of June 30, 2026.[19]

| Fiscal year (ends Sept. 30) | Revenue | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| FY2018 | $25.4 million[11] | IPO year |
| FY2019 | $54.4 million[11] | |
| FY2020 | $90.1 million[11] | Agilent settlement |
| FY2021 | $132.3 million[9] | |
| FY2022 | $203.6 million[9] | Abveris acquired; Revelar spun out |
| FY2023 | $245.1 million[10] | Restructuring, about 270 roles cut |
| FY2024 | $313.0 million[15] | Gross margin 42.6% |
| FY2025 | $376.6 million[15] | Gross margin 50.7%; net loss $77.7 million; Atlas gain |

In fiscal 2026 revenue rose to $103.7 million in the first quarter, $110.7 million in the second and $118.4 million in the third, the company's 14th consecutive quarter of sequential growth.[16][17][18] Third-quarter gross margin was 52.8%, and the net loss was $35.1 million. With the August 3, 2026, results, Twist raised its fiscal 2026 revenue guidance to $456 million to $457 million (about 21% growth) and reiterated its target of adjusted EBITDA breakeven in the fourth fiscal quarter. It held about $167 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments at June 30, 2026, before the August stock offering.[18][22]

## Leadership

| Name | Role (January 2026 proxy statement) |
|---|---|
| Emily M. Leproust | Chief executive officer and chair of the board[3] |
| Patrick Finn | President and chief operating officer (since October 2022; joined in 2015)[3] |
| Adam Laponis | Chief financial officer (since January 2024)[3] |
| Dennis Cho | Chief legal officer and corporate secretary[3] |
| Robert Werner | Chief accounting officer[3] |

Leproust has also sat on the board of GeneDx Holdings (formerly Sema4) since September 2020.[3]

## See also

- [Adaptyv Bio](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/adaptyv_bio)
- [Claude for Life Sciences](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/claude_for_life_sciences)
- [Claude Science](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/claude_science)
- [AI drug discovery](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/ai_drug_discovery)
- [Protein language model](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/protein_language_model)
- [RFdiffusion](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/rfdiffusion)
- [AlphaFold](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/alphafold)

## References

1. [Twist Bioscience Corporation, Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000158128025000025/twst-20250930.htm) - U.S. SEC, filed November 17, 2025.
2. [Twist Bioscience Corporation, Prospectus (Form 424B4), initial public offering of 5,000,000 shares](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000119312518314672/d460243d424b4.htm) - U.S. SEC, dated October 30, 2018.
3. [Twist Bioscience Corporation, Definitive Proxy Statement (DEF 14A)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000158128026000006/twst-20260105.htm) - U.S. SEC, filed January 6, 2026.
4. [Twist Bioscience Corporation, Form 8-K (Item 1.01, settlement agreement with Agilent Technologies)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000119312520026777/d882895d8k.htm) - U.S. SEC, filed February 6, 2020.
5. [Twist Bioscience Corporation, Form 8-K (underwriting agreement, February 2020 offering)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000119312520043688/d871048d8k.htm) - U.S. SEC, filed February 20, 2020.
6. [Twist Bioscience Corporation, Form 8-K (underwriting agreement, December 2020 offering)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000119312520310704/d43336d8k.htm) - U.S. SEC, filed December 4, 2020.
7. [Twist Bioscience Corporation, Form 8-K (first amendment to ParkWorks Industry Center lease, Wilsonville)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000110465921051098/tm2113034d1_8k.htm) - U.S. SEC, filed April 16, 2021.
8. [Twist Bioscience Corporation, Form 8-K (merger agreement to acquire Abveris)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000110465921142602/tm2133571d3_8k.htm) - U.S. SEC, filed November 22, 2021.
9. [Twist Bioscience Corporation, Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000162828022030817/twst-20220930.htm) - U.S. SEC, filed November 28, 2022.
10. [Twist Bioscience Corporation, Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000162828023039767/twst-20230930.htm) - U.S. SEC, filed November 21, 2023.
11. [Twist Bioscience Corporation, Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000119312520303904/d92559d10k.htm) - U.S. SEC, filed November 27, 2020.
12. [Twist Bioscience Corporation, Form 8-K (contribution agreement with Atlas Data Storage)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000110465925044352/tm2513694d1_8k.htm) - U.S. SEC, filed May 5, 2025.
13. [Twist Bioscience Spins Out DNA Data Storage as Independent Company (Exhibit 99.2)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000110465925044352/tm2513694d1_ex99-2.htm) - Twist Bioscience press release, May 5, 2025.
14. [Atlas Data Storage Introduces the World's First Scalable DNA Data Storage Offering](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/atlas-data-storage-introduces-the-worlds-first-scalable-dna-data-storage-offering-302622720.html) - Atlas Data Storage via PR Newswire, December 2, 2025.
15. [Twist Bioscience Reports Fiscal Fourth Quarter and Full Year Fiscal 2025 Financial Results (Exhibit 99.1)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000158128025000020/twst-20250930xex991.htm) - Twist Bioscience, November 14, 2025.
16. [Twist Bioscience Reports Fiscal First Quarter 2026 Financial Results (Exhibit 99.1)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000158128026000016/twst-20251231xex9913.htm) - Twist Bioscience, February 2, 2026.
17. [Twist Bioscience Reports Fiscal Second Quarter 2026 Financial Results (Exhibit 99.1)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000158128026000037/twst-2026331xex991.htm) - Twist Bioscience, May 4, 2026.
18. [Twist Bioscience Reports Fiscal Third Quarter 2026 Financial Results (Exhibit 99.1)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000158128026000044/twst-2026630xex991.htm) - Twist Bioscience, August 3, 2026.
19. [Twist Bioscience Corporation, Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2026](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000158128026000047/twst-20260630.htm) - U.S. SEC, filed August 3, 2026.
20. [Twist Bioscience Corporation, Form 8-K (Items 3.02 and 8.01, Invenra stock purchase agreements)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000110465926015730/tm266463d1_8k.htm) - U.S. SEC, filed February 17, 2026.
21. [Twist Bioscience Expands Antibody Discovery Offering with Bispecific Licensing Agreement](https://www.financialcontent.com/article/bizwire-2026-2-17-twist-bioscience-expands-antibody-discovery-offering-with-bispecific-licensing-agreement) - Twist Bioscience via Business Wire, February 17, 2026.
22. [Twist Bioscience Corporation, Form 8-K (underwriting agreement, August 2026 offering)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000110465926091280/tm2622018d2_8k.htm) - U.S. SEC, filed August 5, 2026.
23. [Twist Bioscience Announces Pricing of Upsized $300.0 Million Public Offering of Common Stock (Exhibit 99.2)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000110465926091280/tm2622018d2_ex99-2.htm) - Twist Bioscience, August 4, 2026.
24. [How Claude is accelerating protein design and analytical chemistry](https://www.anthropic.com/research/Claude-accelerates-protein-design) - Anthropic, August 18, 2026.
25. [Twist Bioscience Corporation, Form 8-K (Item 7.01, Anthropic protein design evaluation)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000158128026000050/twist-20260818.htm) - U.S. SEC, dated August 18, 2026.
26. [Anthropic AI protein design | Twist Bioscience](https://www.twistbioscience.com/resources/flyer/anthropic-ai-protein-design-twist-bioscience) - Twist Bioscience.
27. [How Claude is uplifting biomolecular modeling](https://www.anthropic.com/research/claude-uplifts-biomolecular-modeling) - Anthropic, September 17, 2026.
28. [Protein Design Competition (Anthropic x Adaptyv)](https://proteinbase.com/competitions/anthropic-adaptyv-2026) - Proteinbase / Adaptyv Bio.
29. [Twist Bioscience Joins Lilly TuneLab to Advance Antibody Drug Discovery](https://www.financialcontent.com/article/bizwire-2026-9-16-twist-bioscience-joins-lilly-tunelab-to-advance-antibody-drug-discovery) - Twist Bioscience via Business Wire, September 16, 2026.
30. [Absci and Twist Bioscience Collaborate to Design Novel Antibody using Generative AI](https://www.nasdaq.com/press-release/absci-and-twist-bioscience-collaborate-design-novel-antibody-using-generative-ai-2024) - Absci and Twist Bioscience via GlobeNewswire, October 31, 2024.
31. [AWS launches Amazon Bio Discovery to accelerate AI-powered research in life sciences](https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/aws/aws-amazon-bio-discovery-ai-drug-research) - Amazon, April 2026.
32. [Closing the Loop with Amazon Bio Discovery's Integrated Lab Partners](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/industries/closing-the-loop-with-amazon-bio-discoverys-integrated-lab-partners/) - Ryan Greene and Jiwon Kim, AWS for Industries blog, May 7, 2026.
33. [LenioBio and Twist Bioscience Enter into a Collaboration to Further Enable AI drug-discovery](https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/leniobio-twist-bioscience-enter-collaboration-130800727.html) - LenioBio via Business Wire, May 8, 2026.
34. [Why Twist Bioscience's complex genes offering is a bet on AI-driven protein design](https://www.rdworldonline.com/why-twist-biosciences-complex-genes-offering-is-a-bet-on-ai-driven-protein-design/) - Brian Buntz, R&D World, May 17, 2026.
35. [Strengthening nucleic acid biosecurity screening against generative protein design tools](https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adu8578) - B. J. Wittmann, T. Alexanian, C. Bartling, J. Beal, A. Clore, J. Diggans, K. Flyangolts, B. T. Gemler, T. Mitchell, S. T. Murphy, N. E. Wheeler, E. Horvitz, *Science* 390 (6768), 2025 ([PubMed 41037625](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41037625/)).
36. [When AI Meets Biology: Promise, Risk, and Responsibility](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/when-ai-meets-biology-promise-risk-and-responsibility/) - Eric Horvitz, Microsoft Research Blog, October 6, 2025.
37. [Scorpion Capital Says It Is Short Twist Bioscience](https://www.tradingview.com/news/reuters.com,2026:newsml_FWN44G1BR:0-scorpion-capital-says-it-is-short-twist-bioscience/) - Reuters via TradingView, August 19, 2026.
38. [Twist Bioscience Corporation, Form 8-K (Item 1.01, ParkWorks Industry Center lease, Wilsonville, Oregon)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1581280/000119312520326000/d51863d8k.htm) - U.S. SEC, filed December 23, 2020.