# Yandex

> Source: https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/yandex
> Updated: 2026-09-23
> Fact-checked: 2026-09-23
> Categories: AI Companies, Large Language Models, Open Source AI
> License: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) - attribute to "AI Wiki (aiwiki.ai)"
> Cite as: AI Wiki. "Yandex." aiwiki.ai, 23 Sept 2026. https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/yandex
> From AI Wiki (https://aiwiki.ai), the free encyclopedia of artificial intelligence. Reuse freely with attribution.

**Yandex** is a Russian technology company best known for Yandex Search, which its own traffic measurements put at 63.4% of search traffic in Russia in 2023, and for the assistant Alice (Russian: Алиса), which Yandex now markets as Alice AI.[3][14][28] The search engine went live on 23 September 1997, and the company "Yandex" was registered in 2000 with Arkady Volozh as chief executive.[1] Its machine-learning work runs from the MatrixNet ranking algorithm (2009) and the open-source [CatBoost](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/catboost) library (2017) to the YaLM 100B language model (2022), the YandexGPT model family (2023 to 2025) and the Alice AI models that followed. Recent open-weight releases include [Alice AI Foundation 80B-A3B](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/alice_ai_foundation_80b_a3b), published under Apache 2.0 on 21 September 2026.[1][15][17][34]

The name "Yandex" now refers to two different histories. Until 2024 the group's parent was Yandex N.V., a Dutch company listed on Nasdaq. After Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Yandex N.V. sold all of its Russian businesses to a consortium of Russian investors for RUB 475 billion. The deal closed in July 2024. The Dutch parent kept a few international units and renamed itself [Nebius](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/nebius) Group N.V.[5][7][8] The Russian businesses, and the Yandex brand, now belong to IPJSC Yandex (in Russian, MKPAO "Yandex"), which is registered in Kaliningrad and trades on the Moscow Exchange under the ticker YDEX.[2][12] This article covers the pre-2024 group and the Russian company that inherited the name. The Dutch successor is covered at [Nebius](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/nebius), and the international self-driving unit at [Avride](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/avride).

## Key facts

| Field | Detail |
| --- | --- |
| Search engine launched | 23 September 1997 (yandex.ru)[1] |
| Company registered | 2000[1] |
| Founders | Arkady Volozh and Ilya Segalovich[2] |
| Current legal entity | IPJSC Yandex, an international public joint-stock company; legal address in Kaliningrad; head office at 16 Leo Tolstoy St., Moscow[2][34] |
| Listing | Moscow Exchange, ticker YDEX; listed April 2024, trading since 24 July 2024[2][12] |
| Former parent | Yandex N.V. (Netherlands), Nasdaq-listed as YNDX from May 2011; renamed Nebius Group N.V. in August 2024[1][8] |
| Revenue, Q2 2026 | RUB 386 billion, up 16% year on year[14] |
| Full-time employees | 31,594 at 30 June 2026[14] |
| Main AI products | Alice AI assistant, AI answers in Yandex Search, Yandex Cloud model APIs[14][28][32] |
| Recent open-weight models | AliceAI-T5-35B-A0.6B (Sep 2026), AliceAI-Foundation-80B-A3B-Base (Sep 2026)[32][34] |

## History

### Origins (1990 to 2000)

Volozh and Segalovich worked on search software in the early 1990s at a small firm called Arkadia, which built programs for searching the Bible and patent and goods classifiers. Yandex's official history says the name, coined in 1993, comes from "yet another indexer". Volozh proposed replacing the first two letters with the Russian letter "Я" ("ya", meaning "I").[1][2] Arkadia became part of the computer supplier CompTek. On 23 September 1997 the team unveiled "Яndex-Web", a search engine that indexed the whole Russian internet of the day (about 5,000 sites and 4 GB of text) and handled Russian morphology.[1] The company Yandex was registered in 2000. Its founders were CompTek's shareholders, and the ru-Net Holdings fund invested more than $5 million for an almost 36% stake. The company says it became self-sufficient in August 2002, a year earlier than planned, and paid its first dividend in 2003.[1]

Yandex's investor pages give 1997 as the founding year, the date of the search launch.[2] Its 2023 annual report adds that the founders began developing the search technology in 1989.[3] Segalovich, the co-founder and chief technology officer, died on 27 July 2013.[4]

### Machine learning in search

Yandex describes MatrixNet, introduced in 2009, as a new machine-learning method that could use far more ranking factors and their combinations. Yandex later provided MatrixNet to CERN physicists as an associate member of CERN openlab.[1] Neural ranking models came next. Palekh (2016) matched the meaning of a query against page titles to handle rare "long tail" queries. Korolev (2017) analysed whole pages. YATI (2020), a [transformer](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/transformer)-based model, improved how Yandex judged the semantic link between queries and documents.[1] In July 2017 Yandex open-sourced CatBoost as the successor to MatrixNet.[15]

### Public company and expansion (2011 to 2021)

Yandex held its IPO on Nasdaq in May 2011 under the ticker YNDX. Its shares were later also listed on the Moscow Exchange, in June 2014.[1][3] The company grew well beyond search: ride-hailing, food and grocery delivery, e-commerce, streaming and cloud computing. In 2017 Yandex.Taxi and [Uber](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/uber) agreed to combine their ride-hailing businesses in Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia and Kazakhstan. Uber invested $225 million and Yandex $100 million, valuing the combined company at $3.725 billion post-money.[1] Yandex bought Uber's stake in the self-driving joint venture in 2021, and in April 2023 it paid $702.5 million in cash for Uber's remaining 28.98% of the mobility joint venture, MLU B.V.[3][49]

### War, sanctions and the split (2022 to 2024)

On 28 February 2022, Nasdaq halted trading in Yandex N.V. and other companies with major Russian operations.[3] On 3 June 2022 Volozh stepped down as executive director and CEO of Yandex N.V. and transferred his voting power to the board.[10] The European Union and Switzerland had designated him under sanctions that month. The EU's listing described him as a leading businessperson in sectors providing revenue to the Russian government and accused Yandex of promoting state media and narratives in its search results and de-ranking content critical of the Kremlin. Those designations were removed in March 2024.[3][11] Also in 2022, Yandex sold its News and Zen services to VK, which took over the yandex.ru homepage address; Yandex moved its main page to ya.ru.[1]

In November 2022 the Dutch parent's board began a strategic review of the group's ownership and governance. By May 2023 it said it aimed to let the international self-driving, cloud computing, data labeling and ed-tech units develop independently of the Russian businesses.[5][51] In August 2023 Volozh publicly condemned "Russia's barbaric invasion of Ukraine". He said he had not lived in Russia since 2014 but shared some responsibility for the country's actions.[11]

On 5 February 2024 Yandex N.V. announced a binding agreement to sell all of the group's businesses in Russia and certain international markets for RUB 475 billion, payable in cash and Yandex N.V. Class A shares. The price reflected a discount of at least 50% to fair value, which the Russian government commission required for sales of Russian assets by parents from countries it considers "unfriendly".[5] The businesses sold generated more than 95% of group revenue in the first nine months of 2023.[5] The buyer, a fund called "Consortium.First", was led by senior managers of the Russian businesses. Its other members were Argonaut (ultimately owned by PJSC Lukoil) and companies owned by Alexander Chachava, Pavel Prass and Alexander Ryazanov. Yandex N.V. said none of them was under US, EU, UK or Swiss sanctions.[5]

| Date | Step |
| --- | --- |
| 4-5 Feb 2024 | Definitive sale agreement signed and announced, RUB 475 billion[5] |
| 17 May 2024 | First closing: about 68% of the Russian holding company sold[6] |
| 10 Jul 2024 | Yandex N.V. shares delisted from the Moscow Exchange[7] |
| 15 Jul 2024 | Final closing: remaining ~28% sold; total cash received $2.8 billion plus 162.5 million Class A shares; deal valued at about $5.4 billion[7] |
| 24 Jul 2024 | IPJSC Yandex shares begin trading on the Moscow Exchange as YDEX[12] |
| 15-16 Aug 2024 | Dutch parent renamed Nebius Group N.V.; Volozh appointed executive director[8] |
| 21 Oct 2024 | Date Nasdaq set for Nebius shares to resume trading as NBIS[9] |

The Dutch parent kept four businesses: the Nebius AI cloud, the data-labeling company Toloka AI, the self-driving developer Avride and the ed-tech service TripleTen. It also kept a data center in Finland and about 1,300 employees, and it agreed to stop using the Yandex brand, which stayed with the Russian group.[5][6] Volozh became founder and CEO of Nebius.[9]

### After the split

In July 2025, IPJSC Yandex said the consortium fund's shares had passed into the direct ownership of its participants. Major shareholders held 66.58%, including the management team (16.3%), a structure of Alexander Chachava (16.03%) and Catalytic People (9.89%). The free float was 29.8%, and the company said no single shareholder had control.[13] It reports in rubles. Q2 2026 revenue was RUB 386 billion, of which the "Search and AI services" segment brought in RUB 137.4 billion. The company also sold its Auto.ru classifieds business to T-Technologies in June 2026 for RUB 35 billion.[14]

## Language models

### YaLM 100B (2022)

On 23 June 2022 Yandex published YaLM 100B, a GPT-style model with 100 billion parameters, under the [Apache License 2.0](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/apache_license) for research and commercial use. Yandex said it trained the model for 65 days on a cluster of 800 [NVIDIA A100](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/nvidia_a100) GPUs using 1.7 TB of English and Russian text. Training used [DeepSpeed](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/deepspeed), and the code drew on the [Megatron-LM](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/megatron_lm) example.[17] Yandex's Habr announcement called it the largest GPT-like neural network in free access at the time.[18] The weights are also hosted on Yandex's [Hugging Face](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/hugging_face) page.[50]

### YandexGPT (2023 to 2025)

YandexGPT was Yandex's proprietary [large language model](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/large_language_model) line. It launched in Alice in May 2023 and reached businesses through the Yandex Cloud API.

| Generation | Date | What Yandex announced |
| --- | --- | --- |
| YandexGPT | 17 May 2023 | Added to Alice as a beta feature. Trained on Yandex supercomputers in two stages: pretraining on public text, then refinement on hundreds of thousands of curated answers written with crowdsourcing and AI trainers[19] |
| YandexGPT 2 | 7 Sep 2023 | More parameters and better data. Yandex's AI trainers preferred its answers over the first version in 67% of cases. Training data ran to March 2023[20] |
| YandexGPT API | 19 Dec 2023 | API opened to businesses worldwide through Yandex Cloud. More than 20,000 applications had been received during testing[21] |
| YandexGPT 3 | 19 Apr 2024 | Alice became fully LLM-driven. Yandex said Alice could now handle 95% of queries (previously 60%) and cited sources for web information. YandexGPT 3 Pro powered a paid "Alice Pro" mode[22] |
| YandexGPT 4 | 24 Oct 2024 | Pro and Lite versions with four times the text capacity (about 60 pages) and step-by-step [chain-of-thought](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/chain_of_thought) reasoning. Yandex said the error rate, including hallucinations, fell from 4% to 2.1% and that Pro was "nearly on par" with [GPT-4o](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/gpt_4o) on tasks such as open-ended questions[24] |
| YandexGPT 5 | 25 Feb 2025 | YandexGPT 5 Pro went into Alice and the Cloud API. YandexGPT 5 Lite 8B Pretrain was published as open weights[25] |

All of these comparisons come from Yandex's own internal evaluations. In April 2024 Yandex also launched Neuro, a search product in which YandexGPT 3 summarised live search results into cited answers.[23]

Yandex's technical write-up on YandexGPT 5 describes two different training recipes. YandexGPT 5 Pro started from the weights of Qwen-2.5-32B-base rather than from random initialization. Yandex said this cut experiment time by up to 20 times, and it described its own DPO variant, LogDPO. In internal side-by-side tests, Yandex said YandexGPT 5 Pro beat YandexGPT 4 Pro in 67% of cases and was not inferior to GPT-4o.[25] YandexGPT 5 Lite, by contrast, was trained from random initialization. It saw about 15 trillion tokens, mostly Russian and English, with context up to 8K. A second "Powerup" stage then used 320 billion high-quality tokens and raised the context to 32K.[25][26] Yandex called it its first freely published model in three years. An instruct version and a GGUF quantization followed in 2025.[25][48][50] The Lite weights use a custom Yandex license rather than an open-source one. Commercial use is allowed, but a licensee who reaches 10 million output tokens a month must contact Yandex within 30 days to agree further terms, or the license terminates.[27]

### Alice AI model family (2025 onward)

On 28 October 2025, at its "Alice, what's new?" conference, Yandex introduced Alice AI as a general-purpose chat assistant. It renamed its most powerful models Alice AI LLM, Alice AI Art and Alice AI VLM. Yandex announced upcoming [AI agents](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/ai_agents) that would book tables, compare prices and fill out forms for users, plus agents in the Yandex Go app for taxis, food and deliveries.[28] Later releases added:

- **Yandex Drops** (9 June 2026): wireless earbuds, which Yandex called its first wearable AI device, with a "My Memory" feature that turns spoken notes into lists and reminders.[29]
- **Alice AI for Business** (8 September 2026): an assistant for companies, available to more than 185,000 organizations that use Yandex 360. It can run multi-step tasks across Mail, Disk, Calendar, Tracker and Wiki and through third-party plugins.[30]
- **Automatic model routing** (16 September 2026): a proprietary router picks a model for each request and switches on an "Expert mode" for complex tasks. An agent layer that Yandex calls a "harness" plans steps and calls tools.[31]

### Open-weight releases in 2026

In September 2026 Yandex published two base models trained from scratch, both under Apache 2.0:

| Model | Announced | Architecture | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| AliceAI-T5-35B-A0.6B ("Alice AI Search Pretrain") | 11 Sep 2026 (Habr; English press release 14 Sep)[52] | Encoder-decoder [T5](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/t5)-style model with [mixture-of-experts](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/mixture_of_experts) layers: about 35 billion parameters, about 600 million active per token; 512 experts per MoE layer, top-8 routing; 128K context | Base model behind the AI answers in Yandex Search. A fine-tuned version, Alice AI Search, has run in Search since July 2026, and Yandex says more than 49 million people use the answers each month[32][33] |
| [AliceAI-Foundation-80B-A3B-Base](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/alice_ai_foundation_80b_a3b) | 21 Sep 2026 | Hybrid decoder with 48 layers, three KDA blocks for every gated-attention block, each followed by an MoE layer; 80 billion parameters, 3 billion active; 512 experts, 10 routed plus 1 shared; 262,144-token context | Experimental model for testing design choices for a future unified reasoning model behind Alice AI's agent features. Released with two Russian factual benchmarks, WikiWebFacts and HardMultiQA[34][35] |

Yandex said the 80B model beat every open base model it compared on its Russian-language factual benchmarks, including [DeepSeek V4-Flash](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/deepseek_v4_flash) Base. It also said the model reached the level of its closed Alice AI LLM on those benchmarks, a model with three times as many parameters and seven times as many active ones. These results come from Yandex's internal evaluation setup.[34][35] It called the search model the first pretrained base model behind a search engine's AI answers to be released publicly.[32]

## Alice

Yandex launched Alice on 10 October 2017 in the Yandex Search app for iOS and Android and in a beta Windows assistant. It described Alice as a Russian-language [voice assistant](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/voice_assistant) that uses deep neural networks for free-flowing conversation instead of a fixed set of scenarios. Speech recognition and synthesis run on Yandex's SpeechKit.[16] The first Yandex Station smart speaker came out in 2018, followed by Station Mini, Midi, Max and smart TVs. Yandex sold 4.2 million Alice-equipped Stations in 2023.[1][3] Alice had more than 77.1 million monthly users across Yandex platforms in December 2023, according to the company's 2023 annual report, and 66 million monthly users in an April 2024 release.[3][22] Its underlying models moved from task-specific neural networks to YandexGPT (2023 to 2025) and then to the Alice AI family (from October 2025).[19][22][25][28]

## Research

Yandex Research publishes machine-learning papers, often with academic partners. Its best-known recent work is on compressing and training large models:

| Work | Year | Collaborators | Summary |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [AQLM](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/aqlm) | 2024 | IST Austria, Neural Magic | "Extreme Compression of Large Language Models via Additive Quantization", presented at ICML 2024; adapts multi-codebook additive [quantization](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/quantization) to LLM weights[36][37] |
| PV-Tuning | 2024 | IST Austria, Neural Magic, KAUST | A fine-tuning method that corrects errors from compression. With AQLM, Yandex reported up to 8x smaller models that keep about 95% of answer quality on WikiText2 and C4[37] |
| YaFSDP | 2024 | Yandex | Open-source sharded training library. Yandex reported up to 26% speedup over [FSDP](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/fsdp) on Llama 3 70B[39] |
| HIGGS | 2025 | MIT, KAUST, ISTA | Data-free LLM quantization that can run on a phone or laptop in minutes, according to Yandex[38] |
| TabM | 2025 | Yandex Research | Ensemble-style deep learning model for tabular data. Yandex reported the best average rank across 46 datasets[40] |

Yandex also co-developed Petals, a library meant to simplify training and fine-tuning of LLMs, with HSE University, the University of Washington, Hugging Face, ENS Paris-Saclay and the Yandex School of Data Analysis.[39] At ICML 2026 in Seoul its papers covered faster [graph neural network](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/graph_neural_network) kernels, asynchronous pipeline-parallel training (where [Muon](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/muon_optimizer) handled stale gradients better than [AdamW](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/adamw)), and the SoftSignum and SoftMuon optimizers.[41] Yandex trains its models on its own supercomputers. According to the company, its Chervonenkis machine ranked among the world's 20 most powerful in 2021.[1]

## Open-source software and datasets

Several widely used infrastructure projects started inside Yandex:

- **CatBoost** (open-sourced 18 July 2017): a [gradient boosting](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/gradient_boosting) library with native handling of categorical features. Yandex presented it as MatrixNet's successor, and CERN's LHCb experiment used it for particle identification.[15]
- **ClickHouse**: a column-oriented analytical database. Alexey Milovidov and his team started it in 2009 to power the Yandex.Metrica web analytics service.[42][43] It was open-sourced under Apache 2.0 in 2016. ClickHouse, Inc. was incorporated in 2021 with an initial $50 million from Index Ventures and Benchmark.[43] Nebius says ClickHouse was spun off from the group in September 2021 and that it still holds a significant minority stake.[44]
- **YTsaurus** (open-sourced 20 March 2023 under Apache 2.0): Yandex's internal big-data storage and processing platform, in development since 2010. Yandex uses it to build the search index and to manage its supercomputers.[45]
- Other releases include YDB, DivKit and userver (2022); the Perforator profiler (2025); the Yambda recommender dataset of 4.79 billion user-item interactions (2025); and Alchemist, a 3,350-pair fine-tuning dataset for text-to-image models, with Alchemist-tuned [Stable Diffusion](https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/stable_diffusion) checkpoints (2025).[1][46][47][48][50]

Toloka, a data business for AI developers that Nebius says was built by the group's in-house engineers, stayed with the Dutch group in the 2024 split. Nebius says it spun Toloka off in May 2025 and keeps a significant stake.[5][44]

## Autonomous driving

Yandex began road tests of self-driving cars in 2017. In 2018 it opened public driverless ride tests in Innopolis and Skolkovo and obtained testing licenses in Israel and Nevada.[1] It introduced a sidewalk delivery robot in autumn 2019. By December 2023 those robots had made 310,000 commercial deliveries, and the self-driving unit, Yandex SDG, had become a separate joint venture with Uber before Yandex bought Uber out in 2021.[3] In the 2024 split the international team, branded Avride, went with the Dutch parent.[5] The Russian company kept its own autonomous-driving program, testing robotaxis in Moscow's Yasenevo district from 2023. It now reports an "Autonomous Tech" segment and says its autonomous trucks and delivery robots operate commercially in several Russian cities. In Q2 2026 that segment had revenue of RUB 0.1 billion and an adjusted EBITDA loss of RUB 6.0 billion.[1][14]

## References

1. Yandex. "History." Accessed 23 Sep. 2026. https://yandex.com/company/history
2. Yandex Investor Relations. "FAQ." Accessed 23 Sep. 2026. https://ir.yandex/faq
3. Yandex N.V. "Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2023." U.S. SEC, 26 Apr. 2024. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1513845/000155837024005891/yndx-20231231x20f.htm
4. Yandex. "Yandex Confirms Death of Co-Founder and CTO Ilya Segalovich." 28 Jul. 2013. https://yandex.com/company/news/2013-2013-07-28
5. Yandex N.V. "Yandex N.V. Announces Binding Agreement to Divest its Russia-based Businesses." Exhibit 99.1 to Form 6-K, 5 Feb. 2024. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1513845/000151384524000002/yndx-20240205xex99d1.htm
6. Yandex N.V. "Yandex N.V. announces successful initial closing of the divestment of its Russia-based businesses." 17 May 2024. https://ir.yandex/press-releases?year=2024&id=01-17-05-2024
7. Yandex N.V. "YNV announces successful completion of the divestment of its Russia-based businesses." Exhibit 99.1 to Form 6-K, 15 Jul. 2024. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1513845/000151384524000018/yndx-20240715xex99d1.htm
8. Nebius Group N.V. "Nebius Group N.V. announces results of its Annual General meeting." Exhibit 99.1 to Form 6-K, 16 Aug. 2024. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1513845/000110465924090313/tm2421897d1_ex99-1.htm
9. Nebius Group N.V. "Nebius Group Announces Planned Resumption of Trading on Nasdaq and Provides Investor Update." Exhibit 99.1 to Form 6-K, 17 Oct. 2024. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1513845/000110465924109545/tm2426436d2_ex99-1.htm
10. Yandex N.V. "Report on Form 6-K" (Arkady Volozh steps down as Executive Director and CEO). U.S. SEC, 3 Jun. 2022. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1513845/000151384522000026/yndx-20220603x6k.htm
11. CNN Business. "Co-founder of Russia's equivalent of Google slams 'barbaric' invasion of Ukraine." 10 Aug. 2023. https://www.cnn.com/2023/08/10/tech/arkady-volozh-yandex-ukraine-war
12. TASS. "Yandex debuts on Moscow Exchange with new 'YDEX' ticker." 24 Jul. 2024. https://tass.com/economy/1820561
13. Yandex. "Participants of ZPIF 'Consortium.First' Begin Direct Ownership of Yandex Shares." 7 Jul. 2025. https://ir.yandex/press-releases?year=2025&id=2025-07-07-01
14. IPJSC Yandex. "Yandex Announces Second Quarter 2026 Financial Results." 29 Jul. 2026. https://yastatic.net/s3/ir-docs/docs/2026/q2/9616f5e520b9c0d999be8066069d154d/2Q26_Press_Release_ENG_99be.pdf
15. Yandex. "Yandex Announces CatBoost, a New Open-Source Machine Learning Library." 18 Jul. 2017. https://yandex.com/company/news/2017-0718
16. Yandex. "Yandex Launches Alice, The First AI Assistant Designed For The Russian Market." 10 Oct. 2017. https://yandex.com/company/news/2017-1010
17. Yandex. "YaLM 100B" (README). GitHub. https://github.com/yandex/YaLM-100B
18. Yandex. "Яндекс выложил YaLM 100B: сейчас это крупнейшая GPT-подобная нейросеть в свободном доступе." Habr, 23 Jun. 2022. https://habr.com/ru/companies/yandex/articles/672396/
19. Yandex. "Yandex adds next-generation neural network to Alice virtual assistant." 17 May 2023. https://ir.yandex/press-releases?year=2023&id=17-05-23
20. Yandex. "Yandex presents the latest version of its language model: YandexGPT 2." 7 Sep. 2023. https://ir.yandex/press-releases?year=2023&id=07-09-2023
21. Yandex. "Yandex makes the YandexGPT API available for all users worldwide." 19 Dec. 2023. https://ir.yandex/press-releases?year=2023&id=01-19-12-2023
22. Yandex. "Yandex upgrades its virtual assistant Alice with the YandexGPT 3 large language model." 19 Apr. 2024. https://ir.yandex/press-releases?year=2024&id=01-19-04-2024
23. Yandex. "Yandex launches Neuro, a powerful AI product that integrates Search and Generative AI." 16 Apr. 2024. https://ir.yandex/press-releases?year=2024&id=16-04-2024
24. Yandex. "Yandex launches next-generation language models YandexGPT 4." 24 Oct. 2024. https://ir.yandex/press-releases?year=2024&id=24-10-2024
25. Yandex. "Встречаем YandexGPT 5: в Алисе, облаке и опенсорсе." Habr, 25 Feb. 2025. https://habr.com/ru/companies/yandex/articles/885218/
26. Yandex. "YandexGPT-5-Lite-8B-pretrain" (model card). Hugging Face. https://huggingface.co/yandex/YandexGPT-5-Lite-8B-pretrain
27. Yandex. "Лицензионное соглашение YandexGPT-5-Lite-8B" (license). Hugging Face. https://huggingface.co/yandex/YandexGPT-5-Lite-8B-instruct/blob/main/LICENSE
28. Yandex. "'Alice, what's new?': Yandex introduces Alice AI." 28 Oct. 2025. https://ir.yandex/press-releases?year=2025&id=2025-10-28-01
29. Yandex. "Yandex launches Yandex Drops, the first wearable AI device powered by Alice AI." 9 Jun. 2026. https://ir.yandex/press-releases?year=2026&id=2026-06-09
30. Yandex. "Yandex Introduces Alice AI for Business." 8 Sep. 2026. https://ir.yandex/press-releases?year=2026&id=2026-09-09-01
31. Yandex. "Alice AI Now Decides How Much Intelligence a Task Needs." 16 Sep. 2026. https://ir.yandex/press-releases?year=2026&id=2026-09-16
32. Yandex. "Yandex Open-Sources the Language Model Behind Its AI Answers in Search." 14 Sep. 2026. https://ir.yandex/press-releases?year=2026&id=2026-09-14-01
33. Yandex. "AliceAI-T5-35B-A0.6B" (model card). Hugging Face. https://huggingface.co/yandex/AliceAI-T5-35B-A0.6B
34. Yandex. "Yandex Open-Sources New AI Model Trained from Scratch." 21 Sep. 2026. https://ir.yandex/press-releases?year=2026&id=2026-09-21
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