Zhejiang University

Zhejiang University (浙江大学, Zhèjiāng Dàxué), often abbreviated as ZJU or Zheda, is a public research university in Hangzhou, China that is the academic anchor of the country's fastest growing artificial intelligence cluster: its alumni founded three of the six Hangzhou AI startups known as the Six Little Dragons, including DeepSeek.^[1][3] Tracing its origins to the Qiushi Academy founded in 1897, ZJU is one of the oldest, largest, and most highly ranked universities in China and a member of the C9 League, the informal grouping of nine elite Chinese institutions that also includes Tsinghua University, Peking University, Fudan University, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University.^[2][6] By the mid 2020s ZJU was widely recognized as the academic anchor of Hangzhou's emergent AI cluster and as one of the most important talent pipelines in the broader China AI industry.^[3]

The university's contribution to artificial intelligence runs along several tracks. Its College of Computer Science and Technology dates AI work to the late 1970s and enrolled its first cohort of AI-focused master's students in 1978.^[3] Its alumni include the founders of three of the six Hangzhou AI dragons: DeepSeek's Liang Wenfeng, DEEP Robotics' Zhu Qiuguo and Li Chao, and Manycore Tech's Huang Xiaohuang and Chen Hang.^[3] Its faculty and graduates also founded SUPCON Group and Pinduoduo. A long running partnership with Alibaba Group, formalized through joint laboratories and the multi billion yuan Zhejiang Lab, produced Alibaba Cloud founder Wang Jian and underpinned much of the AI infrastructure work that culminated in the Tongyi Qianwen and Qwen model families.^[23][25] ZJU also hosts the State Key Laboratory of CAD & Computer Graphics, the Humanoid Robot Innovation Research Institute, the Institute of Artificial Intelligence, and the Turing Honors Class for elite AI undergraduates.^[5] Where Tsinghua University anchors the Beijing AI cluster, ZJU anchors the Hangzhou cluster, and together the two institutions account for an outsized share of the founding teams behind China's most prominent foundation model and embodied AI startups.

What is the history of Zhejiang University?

Zhejiang University traces its origin to the Qiushi Academy (求是書院), established on May 21, 1897 by Lin Qi, the prefect of Hangzhou.^[2] The first cohort numbered around 30 students. The name Qiushi literally means "to seek truth" and was inspired by the Yangmingist injunction that a gentleman learns only to know what is right. From the outset the academy taught arithmetic, physics (then called gezhi), and chemistry, and set up early laboratories. The motto Qiushi remains the university motto today, and after several reorganizations the school was officially renamed National Zhejiang University in 1928.^[2]

The university's modern intellectual identity was shaped most decisively by Zhu Kezhen (Coching Chu), the meteorologist and geographer who served as president from 1936 to 1949.^[2] During the Second Sino Japanese War, Zhu led the entire university on a westward migration of more than 2,500 kilometers to escape the Japanese invasion, eventually settling in Zunyi, Guizhou.^[2] Zhu kept the university operating throughout the war with a faculty that included leading Chinese scientists of the era such as the physicist Wang Ganchang and the mathematician Su Buqing. The journey is celebrated as a model of scholarly resilience, and ZJU's elite Chu Kochen Honors College is named after Zhu Kezhen.

After 1949 the central government reorganized higher education along Soviet lines. In 1952 ZJU was broken up: some departments were merged into other universities (among them Fudan University in Shanghai) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the remaining departments developed into four specialized institutions, with engineering forming the new Zhejiang University.^[4] ZJU operated as a polytechnic for nearly half a century. The modern Zhejiang University was formed in 1998 by the merger of four Hangzhou institutions: Zhejiang University, Hangzhou University, Zhejiang Agricultural University, and Zhejiang Medical University.^[2] The merger, authorized by the State Council, recombined the disciplines split apart in 1952 and produced one of the most comprehensive research universities in China.^[2]

How large is Zhejiang University, and how is it ranked?

Zhejiang University operates seven campuses: Zijingang, Yuquan, Xixi, Huajiachi, Zhijiang, Zhoushan (focused on marine science), and the International Campus in Haining.^[1] The Zijingang Campus, which came into use in 2002, is the main campus; all of ZJU's campuses together cover about 622 hectares.^[2] Yuquan, the previous main campus, hosts much of the engineering and information science work, including the College of Computer Science and Technology and the State Key Laboratory of CAD & Computer Graphics.

The university enrolled about 78,500 students in 2024 (roughly 29,000 undergraduates and 49,500 postgraduates) and has about 4,600 faculty including more than 50 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering.^[1][2] Annual research expenditure exceeds 7 billion yuan, ranking ZJU among the top three Chinese universities alongside Tsinghua and Peking University.

In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027, published in October 2026, ZJU placed joint 34th globally (it was 39th in the 2026 edition); in the QS World University Rankings 2027 it placed 47th, up from 49th.^[29][30] In the 2026 Nature Index Research Leaders tables, which rank institutions by their Share of articles in a selected set of high-quality journals (2025 data), Zhejiang University placed 2nd worldwide behind the Chinese Academy of Sciences and ahead of Harvard University and Tsinghua University, up from 3rd (behind CAS and Harvard) in the 2025 tables.^[31][41] ZJU is one of the founding members of the C9 League, established in 1998 as part of Project 985.^[6]

What does the College of Computer Science and Turing Honors Class teach?

ZJU's engagement with computing predates that of most Chinese universities. The Department of Computer Science was established in 1978 under founding director He Zhijun, who explicitly prioritized AI theory research and new computer architectures from day one.^[4] In the same year it enrolled its first cohort of AI-focused master's students.^[3]

The modern College of Computer Science and Technology comprises the Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Institute of Computer Graphics and Image, Institute of Service Engineering, Institute of Network and Distributed Computing, Institute of Computer Software and Theory, and Institute of Cyber Systems and Control (joint with the College of Control Science and Engineering).^[4] The college runs four flagship graduate programs covering Computer Science and Technology, Cyberspace Security, Software Engineering, and Artificial Intelligence. In 2019 ZJU became one of the first 35 Chinese universities to launch a dedicated undergraduate AI program and was approved by the State Council Academic Degrees Committee to establish China's first interdisciplinary AI degree. The college also runs the AI+X micro program, launched in April 2021 alongside five other east China universities, which embeds AI literacy in non computing majors and was profiled in Communications of the ACM as a model for cross disciplinary AI education.^[39]

The Turing Honors Class (图灵班), opened in fall 2019 in the Chu Kochen Honors College, is ZJU's elite undergraduate program in computer science, AI, and information security.^[3] The class admits a small annual cohort drawn from top gaokao performers. Students choose a track from computer science, artificial intelligence, or information security. The faculty team includes two members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a Turing Award winner with visiting status. The structure parallels Tsinghua University's Yao Class, although the Turing Class spans a slightly broader set of computing tracks. It sits inside the Chu Kochen Honors College (竺可桢学院), a cross departmental honors college named after the wartime president that admits the top one percent of incoming undergraduates. The honors college follows a "2+2" model, two years of broad general education followed by two years of personalized professional study, and its alumni include Huang Xiaohuang and Chen Hang of Manycore Tech, who met in its 2003 mixed class, and Colin Huang (Huang Zheng) of Pinduoduo.^[3][22] DeepSeek's Liang Wenfeng studied at the College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering.^[3]

Who are ZJU's key AI faculty?

What is the State Key Laboratory of CAD & Computer Graphics?

The State Key Laboratory of CAD & Computer Graphics (CAD&CG) began construction in 1989 under the National Seventh Five Year Plan and was approved as a state key laboratory in 1990.^[5] It is one of the oldest and most influential computer graphics research centers in China.^[5] The lab's research spans CAD, geometric and visual algorithms, virtual and augmented reality, image and video understanding, and visual analysis.^[5] It houses several internationally recognized groups including the GAPS (Graphics and Parallel Systems) Lab led by Kun Zhou. The CAD&CG lab is also one of the major training grounds for the founders of Manycore Tech and other Hangzhou spatial intelligence companies.

What is ZJU's role in humanoid robotics and embodied AI?

ZJU's Hangzhou International Science and Technology Innovation Center (HIC) hosts a Humanoid Robot Innovation Research Institute, co-built with Jingshi Technology and Kaierda Group, which in February 2026 unveiled Bolt, a full-size humanoid robot with a peak speed of 10 meters per second.^[45] Separately, the Zhejiang Humanoid Robot Innovation Center, formally established in Ningbo in March 2024 by Professor Xiong Rong's team with industry partners and funded primarily by SUPCON Group, has Xiong as its chief scientist.^[34][44]

The innovation center released the NAVIAI Navigator 2 humanoid robot in August 2024.^[34] The robot stands 1.65 meters tall, weighs about 60 kilograms, has 41 degrees of freedom, and is rated at 275 TOPS of onboard AI compute, enabling real time perception and control for tasks ranging from giving speeches to making tea and playing chess.^[34] The predecessor SUPCON Navigator α and Navigator 2 are profiled in the dedicated Zhejiang Humanoid Navigator 2 article.^[35] In September 2025 the College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science established a joint embodied intelligence laboratory with Miracle Automation Engineering.^[37] ZJU is one of seven Chinese universities that applied to launch a new undergraduate major in embodied intelligence in 2025.

How does ZJU work with Zhejiang Lab and Alibaba?

Zhejiang Lab (also rendered as Zhijiang Lab in older sources) was founded in September 2017 in Hangzhou's AI Town as a joint research institution backed by the Zhejiang provincial government, Zhejiang University, and Alibaba Group.^[25][26] The lab received roughly 30 billion yuan in initial government funding and was given approximately 247 acres for its campus.^[26] Its mission spans five intelligent science and technology disciplines: intelligent perception, AI, intelligent computing, intelligent networks, and intelligent systems.^[25]

Zhejiang Lab is led by Wang Jian, founder of Alibaba Cloud, a Chinese Academy of Engineering academician, and an alumnus and former faculty member of Hangzhou University, a predecessor of today's ZJU.^[23][24] Wang earned his bachelor's and doctoral degrees at Hangzhou University (one of the four institutions merged into ZJU in 1998), where he taught and headed the psychology department before joining Microsoft Research Asia in 1999 and Alibaba in 2008.^[23] He set up Alibaba Cloud in September 2009 and continues as chairman of Alibaba Group's technology committee.^[23] Pan Yunhe, the former ZJU president and an early proponent of "AI 2.0," was named a chief AI scientist of Zhejiang Lab by 2018.^[46]

In July 2023 Zhejiang Lab had about 2,200 employees, and over 90 percent of its research staff held doctoral degrees.^[24] Its most widely publicized result is Darwin Monkey (Wukong), unveiled in August 2025 and described by ZJU as the world's first brain inspired computer powered by a dedicated neuromorphic chip with more than two billion neurons.^[28] Darwin Monkey builds on the Darwin III brain inspired chip co developed by ZJU and Zhejiang Lab in 2023.^[28]

The ZJU and Alibaba relationship extends well beyond Zhejiang Lab. The two organizations operate joint research labs covering quantum computing, frontier internet research, and natural language processing. In November 2023 Alibaba DAMO Academy donated its quantum computing laboratory and equipment to Zhejiang University, transferring substantial capability into the university as DAMO refocused on AI for agriculture, healthcare, and industrial applications.^[27]

Which AI and tech companies did ZJU alumni found?

The entrepreneurial output of Zhejiang University is one of its most distinctive features. Three of the six Hangzhou AI dragons were founded by ZJU alumni.^[3] As the university's own account of the cluster put it, "Among Hangzhou's rising 'Six Little Dragons,' the founders of DeepSeek, DEEP Robotics, and Manycore Tech share a common origin: Zhejiang University."^[3]

This list omits dozens of smaller AI and robotics startups with ZJU founders. A characteristic feature is the heavy presence of robotics and embodied AI firms, reflecting the strength of the College of Control Science and Engineering. Where the Tsinghua ecosystem skews toward foundation models, the ZJU ecosystem skews toward robotics, computer vision, spatial intelligence, and AI infrastructure.

How did DeepSeek's Liang Wenfeng come out of ZJU?

Liang Wenfeng is the highest profile recent ZJU alumnus in the global AI industry.^[11] Born in 1985 in Guangdong, Liang was admitted to Zhejiang University in 2002 at age 17 to study electronic information engineering.^[11] He completed his bachelor's in 2007 and stayed on for a master's in information and communication engineering, which he completed in 2010.^[11] His master's advisor, Professor Xiang Zhiyu, introduced him to machine vision and the broader field that would later become deep learning.^[12] In an account published by the university, Liang credited that mentorship directly: "My supervisor, XIANG Zhiyu, introduced me to the field of machine vision. He helped me structure my study plan, and provided research training, often guiding me through the code line by line."^[3]

After graduation Liang focused on quantitative finance, applying machine learning to trading.^[12] In 2015 he co founded High Flyer, a quant hedge fund whose assets under management passed 100 billion yuan (roughly $15 billion) by 2021 and built one of the largest GPU clusters in private Chinese hands.^[14] In July 2023 Liang spun out the AI research arm of High Flyer as DeepSeek, headquartered in Hangzhou.^[13] DeepSeek released DeepSeek V2 in 2024 and the DeepSeek R1 reasoning model in early 2025; both used substantially less compute than comparable Western frontier models and reshaped global discussions about the cost trajectory of frontier AI.^[13] The release of R1 in January 2025 triggered a sharp temporary correction in US AI infrastructure stocks.^[14] Liang was invited to a high level meeting with Premier Li Qiang on the same day R1 launched.^[12]

What are DEEP Robotics and Manycore Tech?

DEEP Robotics was founded in 2017 by Zhu Qiuguo and Li Chao, both ZJU alumni.^[15] Zhu was born in 1982 in Haining, Zhejiang, completed his undergraduate degree in mechanical and electronic engineering at ZJU, and earned his PhD from the College of Control Science and Engineering.^[15] He served as an associate professor at ZJU before founding the company.^[15] Within a few months DEEP Robotics released the first generation of its quadruped robot, Jueying (绝影), named after Cao Cao's legendary horse.^[15] The Jueying line evolved into a series of industrial inspection robots used in oil and gas facilities, power plants, mines, and infrastructure tunnels. The company raised a $71 million Series C in December 2025 with backers including the Zhejiang University Education Foundation,^[16] and in May 2026 it filed for an IPO on the Shanghai Stock Exchange's STAR Market seeking about $370 million.^[42] Zhu has credited his early participation in RoboCup with shaping his trajectory; ZJU has run a sustained RoboCup effort since the early 2000s.

Manycore Tech was founded in 2011 by Huang Xiaohuang (Victor Huang), Chen Hang, and Zhu Hao.^[17] Huang and Chen were classmates and roommates in the 2003 mixed class at the Chu Kochen Honors College, while Zhu Hao came from Tsinghua and the three reconnected at the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign.^[17] Manycore launched its flagship product Kujiale in 2013, a 3D rendering platform for interior design, with international version Coohom in 2018.^[17] The company built early differentiation on GPU based real time rendering, drawing directly on the work of the State Key Laboratory of CAD & Computer Graphics, where Huang spent time as a student under Professor Bao Hujun. By the mid 2020s Manycore had pivoted to position itself as a spatial intelligence company. On April 17, 2026 it listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, billing itself as the world's first listed spatial intelligence company, and its market value briefly exceeded HK$35 billion on its debut.^[18]

What is SUPCON's role in industrial AI?

SUPCON Group, short for super control, was founded in 1993 in Hangzhou by Chu Jian, then the youngest professor at Zhejiang University.^[19] Chu was admitted to ZJU at age 15 and earned his PhD through a joint training program operated by ZJU and Kyoto University.^[19] SUPCON began as a producer of distributed control systems (DCS), an automation segment that was dominated by international vendors such as Siemens, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, and Honeywell.^[20] By 2013 SUPCON had become the largest DCS player in the Chinese market.^[20] In the 2020s SUPCON repositioned itself around industrial AI, integrating large model based reasoning into its automation stack and funding the Zhejiang Humanoid Robot Innovation Center that produced the NAVIAI Navigator series.^[20] The company's industrial agents and embodied AI platform are discussed in the SUPCON Technology article. Chu later served as a vice president of Zhejiang University from 2005; he was arrested in 2014 on suspicion of embezzling state-owned assets in a case tied to SUPCON's restructuring, and in 2017 he was sentenced to three years in prison.^[19][2]

How are Hikvision, Pinduoduo, and NetEase connected to ZJU?

Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology, established in 2001, is the world's largest manufacturer of video surveillance equipment and one of the most important Chinese AI hardware companies.^[21] While its founders Chen Zongnian and Hu Yangzhong came from the CETC 52nd Research Institute rather than ZJU, the company is headquartered in Hangzhou.^[21] The company is profiled in Hikvision.

Colin Huang (Huang Zheng) began studying computer science at ZJU's Chu Kochen Honors College at age 18, was selected as a Melton Foundation fellow as a freshman, then completed graduate work at the University of Wisconsin Madison and worked at Google before returning to China.^[22] In 2015 he founded Pinduoduo in Shanghai, which grew into one of the most valuable e commerce platforms in China and the parent of the international app Temu.^[22] Pinduoduo's recommendation engines and its early embrace of large scale machine learning draw on the engineering culture Huang absorbed at ZJU and Google. See Pinduoduo for details.

The NetEase founder Ding Lei is from Ningbo, Zhejiang but earned his bachelor's at the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, not at ZJU. He is sometimes loosely associated with the ZJU ecosystem because of NetEase's Hangzhou headquarters and the company's deep recruiting relationship with ZJU. NetEase's AI division, Youdao, hires heavily from ZJU's NLP and machine learning groups, as discussed in NetEase.

What are the Hangzhou Six Little Dragons?

The term Six Little Dragons of Hangzhou (杭州六小龙) was popularized in early 2025 as a label for a cluster of high impact technology startups based in Hangzhou.^[7] The six are usually listed as Game Science, DeepSeek, Unitree Robotics, DEEP Robotics, BrainCo, and Manycore Tech.^[7][38] Three of the six (DeepSeek, DEEP Robotics, and Manycore Tech) were founded by ZJU alumni; a fourth (Unitree) is led by Zhejiang native Wang Xingxing, who studied at Shanghai University but built much of his career and supplier network in Hangzhou.^[3][8] The remaining two (Game Science and BrainCo) are not directly tied to ZJU, although both benefit from the Hangzhou tech labor market that ZJU helps anchor.

In January 2025 Hangzhou's municipal government released the Hangzhou AI Industry Chain High Quality Development Action Plan, which prioritizes computing power infrastructure, LLM technologies, and AI applications; the city separately set goals of more than 2,000 new national high tech enterprises, more than 300 major municipal technology projects, and more than 300 billion yuan (about US$40 billion) of planned annual investment.^[10] Hangzhou is often compared with Beijing and Shenzhen as a candidate for "China's Silicon Valley," with Zhejiang University feeding talent to local companies.^[9] Beijing hosts several leading LLM startups (Zhipu AI, Moonshot AI, Baichuan), while Hangzhou is strong in embodied AI and robotics and has a significant LLM presence anchored by DeepSeek and Alibaba's Qwen line.

What open source AI does ZJU produce, and who are its partners?

ZJU researchers contribute to numerous open source projects and benchmarks. Recent highlights include InSpatio-WorldFM, a real time generative frame model open sourced in March 2026 by the InSpatio team, whose authors include Professor Zhang Guofeng;^[43] the Darwin III brain inspired chip and the Darwin Monkey neuromorphic computer jointly developed with Zhejiang Lab; widely used toolkits in 3D vision, point cloud processing, neural rendering, and SLAM anchored by the State Key Laboratory of CAD & CG; and research on large model alignment, embodied AI safety, and adversarial robustness from the Intelligent Systems Security (IS2) lab.^[28]

Zhejiang University maintains an extensive network of international partnerships. Major partners include the University of Edinburgh (which co operates a joint institute at the International Campus in Haining), the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign (joint engineering programs at Haining), Imperial College London, the University of Tokyo, Kyoto University (with which ZJU co administered SUPCON founder Chu Jian's PhD), and Stanford University.^[1] ZJU is a member of the Worldwide Universities Network, the Association of Pacific Rim Universities, and the Global MOOC and Online Education Alliance.^[1] Many ZJU AI faculty hold or have held visiting appointments at MIT, Stanford, and Carnegie Mellon.

Influence and Criticism

The scale of ZJU's contribution to the Chinese AI economy has prompted both celebration and concern in domestic press. ZJU is widely credited as one of the most successful examples of a Chinese university generating an entrepreneurial ecosystem comparable to those of Stanford or MIT, and the Hangzhou Six Little Dragons are routinely cited as evidence that elite Chinese science and engineering education can produce globally competitive technology startups outside the traditional Beijing and Silicon Valley axes.^[3]

A recurring theme is the comparison with Tsinghua University: the Tsinghua AI ecosystem is older and more concentrated on foundation model startups, while the ZJU ecosystem is younger and more oriented toward robotics, vision, and applied AI. Founders, investors, and engineers regularly move between the two networks, and several joint research projects connect them.

Continue reading

• DeepSeekDeepSeek is a Chinese artificial intelligence company based in Hangzhou. It was founded in 2023 by Liang Wenfeng, who had previously co-founded the quantitative investment firm High-Flyer.Mentioned 14 times above
• Tsinghua UniversityTsinghua University (清华大学, THU) is a state-founded, nonprofit public research university in Haidian District, Beijing. It is one of the universities directly administered by China's Ministry of Education.Mentioned 5 times above
• Alibaba CloudAlibaba Cloud, also known as Aliyun, is the cloud computing and artificial intelligence business of Alibaba Group.Mentioned 4 times above
• HikvisionHangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司), commonly known as Hikvision, is a Chinese state-controlled multinational manufacturer of video surveillance equipment and a major…Mentioned 4 times above
• Navigator 2The Navigator 2 (officially designated NAVIAI-I2, Chinese: 领航者2号) is a full-size humanoid robot developed by the Zhejiang Humanoid Robot Innovation Center, a government-backed research and commercialization…Mentioned 3 times above
• SSUPCON TechnologySUPCON Technology Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 中控技术; pinyin: Zhōngkòng Jìshù), formally Zhejiang Supcon Technology Co., Ltd., is a Chinese industrial automation and industrial artificial intelligence company…Mentioned twice above

More from See also

• Galbot
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• NetEase
• Artificial intelligence in China

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• Artificial Intelligence
• Peking University

Topics:Chinese AIResearch OrganizationsUniversities

References

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