Foxconn (Hon Hai Precision Industry)

Foxconn, officially Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 鴻海精密工業股份有限公司; trading as Hon Hai Technology Group), is a Taiwanese multinational electronics contract manufacturer that is the world's largest builder of NVIDIA AI servers. Founded in 1974 by Terry Gou and headquartered in Tucheng District, New Taipei City, Morgan Stanley estimated Foxconn's share of the high-end AI rack market at 51 percent in 2025, the largest of any manufacturer, though it expected that share to fall to 39 percent in 2026 as customers added suppliers.^[56] It is the world's largest contract manufacturer of electronics, with more than 220 factories and offices in 24 countries and 826,608 employees at the end of 2025.^[4][48] The company trades on the Taiwan Stock Exchange under ticker 2317.^[4][5]

Though best known for assembling the iPhone for Apple and consumer products for Sony, Dell, HP, Microsoft, Nintendo, and others, Foxconn became a central player in the artificial intelligence infrastructure economy in the mid-2020s. In the second quarter of 2025 its AI server and cloud-networking business overtook its consumer-electronics (Apple) business as the largest source of group revenue for the first time, with the cloud and networking division reaching about 41 percent of revenue versus roughly 35 percent for consumer electronics.^[3][6] The company is building one of the world's largest production lines for NVIDIA's GB200 superchips, deploying NVIDIA-powered humanoid robots on its own assembly lines, and pursuing robotics, advanced semiconductor packaging, electric vehicles, and digital health under chairman Young Liu.^[7][8]

Reported revenue for fiscal year 2024 reached approximately NT$6.86 trillion (about US$208 billion), an 11.4 percent increase year over year and, at the time, the highest annual figure ever recorded by the company.^[9][10] Full-year 2025 revenue rose 18.07 percent to a record NT$8.1 trillion (roughly US$257 billion).^[57] First-quarter 2026 revenue reached about NT$2.13 trillion (about US$67 billion), up 29.7 percent year over year; revenue then rose to NT$2.53 trillion in the second quarter (up 41 percent) and a record NT$3.03 trillion in the third quarter of 2026 (up 47 percent).^[2][56][58]

Overview

Foxconn provides full-stack electronics manufacturing services (EMS), spanning printed circuit board assembly, system-level integration, mechanical components, plastics, connectors, optics, networking equipment, and high-density servers. Since the late 2010s the company has pivoted aggressively toward higher-margin lines, including AI servers, automotive electronics, semiconductors, and industrial robotics, while diversifying production geographically.^[4][5]

Foxconn's leadership refers to its strategic framework as 3+3+3: three intelligent platforms (smart manufacturing, smart EV, smart city), three emerging industries (electric vehicles, digital health, robotics), and three core technologies (artificial intelligence, semiconductors, next-generation communications). Foxconn's factory work on these platforms uses NVIDIA Omniverse and Isaac for digital twins and robotics and NVIDIA Metropolis for vision AI.^[18][32]

Hon Hai Research Institute, the group's research arm, develops FoxBrain, a family of large language models. Announced on 10 March 2025, the first version was a Traditional Chinese reasoning model based on Meta's Llama 3.1 and trained on 120 NVIDIA H100 GPUs in about four weeks.^[53] Version 1.2 was published on Hugging Face on 31 July 2025 as gated weights available only to academic institutions and research organizations.^[54] At NVIDIA GTC Taipei in June 2026 the institute introduced FoxBrain 2.0, which integrates the NVIDIA Nemotron Omni architecture and multimodal training and is aimed at physical AI across Foxconn's three platforms.^[55]

What is Foxconn's role in AI servers?

Foxconn has become the most important single manufacturing partner of the AI infrastructure boom. The company assembles complex liquid-cooled rack-scale AI systems for the largest U.S. cloud providers including Microsoft, Amazon Web Services, Google, and Meta. Morgan Stanley estimated its share of the high-end AI rack market at 51 percent in 2025 and expected it to fall to 39 percent in 2026 as buyers sought alternative suppliers, even as industry-wide rack shipments were forecast to more than double.^[1][56] AI server output reached roughly 1,000 racks per week by late 2025, and Foxconn's U.S. capacity has been ramping toward about 2,000 racks per week, a rate one estimate values at US$200 million to US$300 million in weekly revenue from a single factory.^[12][2]

In the second quarter of 2025, Foxconn's cloud and networking segment overtook smart consumer electronics as the largest contributor to group revenue, with quarterly AI server revenue projected to grow more than 170 percent year over year and server-rack sales by about 300 percent in the third quarter of 2025.^[3][6][12] Foxconn predicted full-year 2025 AI server revenue of around US$33 billion (roughly NT$1 trillion).^[3]

NVIDIA GB200, GB300, and Blackwell

Foxconn is the leading manufacturing partner for NVIDIA's GB200 NVL72 rack-scale platform, built around the Blackwell GPU architecture. In October 2024, Foxconn announced construction of what it called the world's largest GB200 production facility in Guadalajara, Mexico, operated through its Foxconn Industrial Internet subsidiary.^[13][14] Small-scale GB200 production at the Mexico plant was expected to begin as early as the third quarter of 2024.^[47] Foxconn is qualified by NVIDIA as a PBR (Pilot Build Request) Partner for both GB200 NVL72 and the successor GB300 NVL72 platforms.^[7]

Houston AI server plant

In 2025, Foxconn began construction of a major AI server manufacturing campus in Houston, Texas, dedicated principally to NVIDIA-based AI server racks for U.S. customers. The Houston plant became the headline location for Foxconn's announcement that it would deploy NVIDIA Isaac GR00T-powered humanoid robots on its production lines beginning in Q1 2026.^[15][16]

Does Foxconn work directly with OpenAI and Apple?

In November 2025, Foxconn disclosed an expanded direct relationship with OpenAI, shifting from indirect supplier through hyperscaler customers to direct collaborator on AI hardware, including data-center cabling, power systems, and related equipment for U.S. data-center infrastructure, mirroring Foxconn's direct engagements with Google, AWS, and Microsoft.^[12] Foxconn also manufactures the AI servers used by Apple for Apple Intelligence (Private Cloud Compute), which run on Apple silicon, and is positioned to remain a primary assembler for Apple's future in-house AI chip targeting 2027 server deployment.^[17]

Hon Hai Kaohsiung Super Computing Center

In 2024, Foxconn and NVIDIA announced the Hon Hai Kaohsiung Super Computing Center, a Blackwell-based supercomputer in southern Taiwan using 64 GB200 NVL72 racks containing 4,608 Tensor Core GPUs and projected to deliver more than 90 exaflops of AI performance. Initial operations were expected by mid-2025, with full deployment targeted for 2026.^[18]

AI server clients (selected)

History

Founding and early growth

Hon Hai Precision Industry was founded in 1974 by Terry Gou, then aged 23, with about US$7,500 borrowed from his mother. Gou used the capital to buy plastic injection-molding machines, initially producing knobs for Western television sets. By the early 1980s the firm had moved into connectors for personal computers, supplying U.S. and Japanese customers. The company adopted Foxconn as its trade name in 1985.^[5][19] Gou opened the company's first mainland China factory in Shenzhen in 1988. The Shenzhen Longhua complex, sometimes called "Foxconn City," eventually grew to host hundreds of thousands of workers and became one of the largest single industrial sites in the world.^[5]

iPhone era and global expansion

Foxconn began assembling Apple iMacs in the early 2000s and was selected to assemble the original iPhone in 2007. Apple has since become Foxconn's single largest customer, and remained so in late 2025, although the smart consumer electronics division that includes the iPhone fell to 29 percent of revenue in the second quarter of 2026.^[17][56] The company's Zhengzhou campus in Henan Province, sometimes called "iPhone City," remains the world's largest single iPhone assembly site.^[4][20] Beyond Apple, Foxconn assembles or has assembled products for Microsoft, Sony, Nintendo, Amazon, Google, Dell, HP, Cisco, BlackBerry, Nokia, Xiaomi, and many others. By the early 2010s, industry estimates credited Foxconn with assembling roughly 40 percent of the world's consumer electronics by volume.^[4]

Leadership transition

In June 2019, Terry Gou stepped down as chairman to pursue (unsuccessfully) the presidency of Taiwan in the Kuomintang primaries. He was succeeded by Young Liu (劉揚偉), formerly head of Foxconn's S Business Group (semiconductors). Liu has overseen the company's pivot toward AI servers, automotive electronics, and semiconductor packaging, and has accelerated geographic diversification toward India, Mexico, the United States, and Vietnam. By 2025 Foxconn was using a rotating CEO structure under Liu's chairmanship, with executives such as Kathy Yang serving as rotating CEO.^[3][22]

Wisconsin venture

In 2017, Foxconn announced a US$10 billion LCD manufacturing project in Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin, promising up to 13,000 jobs. The "Wisconn Valley" project attracted up to US$4.8 billion in promised state and local incentives and was championed by President Donald Trump at a 2018 groundbreaking. The plant never reached anywhere near its announced scale. Foxconn renegotiated in 2021, slashing investment commitments to US$672 million and jobs to roughly 1,454 by 2025. Portions of the original 2,400-acre site have since been sold to Microsoft for a separate AI data center project.^[23]

Customers and products

Major OEM customers

Foxconn Industrial Internet (FII)

Foxconn Industrial Internet Co., Ltd. (FII), a subsidiary listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (601138.SH) since 2018, consolidates much of Foxconn's data center, AI server, networking, and industrial internet business. By 2024, FII reported double-digit revenue growth driven by AI server demand, and analysts at Omdia projected that Foxconn (largely through FII) would surpass Dell as the world's largest server vendor by revenue. In 2025, FII's revenue overtook that of Huawei.^[24][25]

Robotics and automation

Foxconn has been one of the world's most aggressive deployers of industrial robotics inside its own factories, motivated by labor cost increases in China, recurring criticism over working conditions, and the need to operate at extremely high yield and consistency for premium electronics customers.

Foxbot

Foxbot is the brand name for Foxconn's in-house industrial robotic arms, first deployed in factory production around 2011. In a widely cited 2011 statement, Terry Gou said the company would install one million robots within three years across its mainland China factories. The literal one-million figure proved aspirational. By the mid-2010s, Foxconn had deployed roughly 40,000 fully operational Foxbot industrial robots, alongside hundreds of thousands of pieces of other automated equipment, and has since produced Foxbots in-house at around 10,000 units per year.^[26]

Foxconn's automation strategy is typically described in three phases: automate individual workstations performing tasks that are dangerous or unpopular with human workers; automate complete production lines; then automate entire factories with skeleton crews for logistics, testing, and inspection.^[26] By 2016, the company reported ten fully automated production lines and that Foxbots had displaced as many as 60,000 workers at its Kunshan plant alone. By the mid-2020s, Foxconn operated multiple "lights-out" factories.^[27][26]

Lighthouse factories and lights-out manufacturing

Foxconn earned its first World Economic Forum (WEF) Manufacturing Lighthouse designation in 2019 and has since accumulated multiple Lighthouse and Sustainability Lighthouse certifications across China and Vietnam. The Lighthouse program, run jointly by the WEF and McKinsey, recognizes factories exemplifying Industry 4.0 transformation through big data, AI, and IIoT.^[28][29] In December 2023, Foxconn's Ingrasys subsidiary received the WEF designation as the world's first AI server Lighthouse factory, recognizing its AI-powered automated optical inspection, predictive maintenance, and digital twin tooling. By October 2024, Foxconn had eight WEF-recognized Lighthouse factories^[31] alongside roughly 80 internal corporate-Lighthouse pilot sites.^[30][28]

Foxconn's lights-out factories use private 5G networks, AI-driven optical inspection, machine learning-based predictive maintenance, and self-maintenance systems for production tools. The Shenzhen FII lights-off factory was among the earliest WEF-recognized lights-out electronics sites, and the model has been extended to plants in Chengdu, Zhengzhou, and Vietnam.^[31][28]

NVIDIA Omniverse and digital twins

Foxconn uses NVIDIA Omniverse to build digital twins of its factories, simulating new production lines virtually before physical commissioning. The company has publicly demonstrated Omniverse-based simulation of robot path planning, Isaac Sim training environments for autonomous mobile robots, FoundationPose for object pose estimation, and Metropolis vision AI for quality inspection.^[32]

Intrinsic joint venture

In November 2025, at Hon Hai Tech Day 2025, Foxconn and Alphabet's robotics subsidiary Intrinsic announced a multi-phase joint venture to build a new generation of AI-driven, flexible robotic systems for electronics assembly. The venture targets electronics assembly, inspection, machine tending, and logistics, using Intrinsic Flowstate as the development environment and the Intrinsic Vision Model (IVM) for perception. The joint venture is US-based.^[33]

eBots and FARobot collaborations

Foxconn has separately partnered with eBots on embodied AI robots for adaptive precision manufacturing, with one such robot passing factory acceptance tests in early 2025, and with FARobot, whose "Swarm Autonomy" solution enables fleets of autonomous mobile robots to coordinate inside Foxconn's Lighthouse network plants.^[35][36]

Robotics deployments at Foxconn (selected)

Humanoid robots

Foxconn's most prominent foray into humanoid robots is its co-development program with NVIDIA, centered on NVIDIA's Isaac GR00T general-purpose humanoid foundation model and the Jetson Thor robotics compute platform. The program targets Foxconn's own production lines as the first deployment environment.^[15][16]

Foxconn first publicly previewed humanoid robot ambitions at Hon Hai Tech Day 2024 (HHTD24) in October 2024, positioning humanoid robots as a flagship pillar of its smart manufacturing platform. At Hon Hai Tech Day 2025 (HHTD25) in November 2025, Foxconn unveiled a bipedal humanoid prototype with a dexterous robot hand, jointly developed with NVIDIA. The robot was shown statically with a focus on hand dexterity, including pick-and-place, screw fastening, and small-part handling. Foxconn also indicated plans for a second, lower-cost variant using a wheeled mobile base.^[37][38]

When will Foxconn use humanoid robots in its factories?

In October 2025, at NVIDIA's GTC keynote in Washington, D.C., Foxconn confirmed humanoid robots would be deployed on its production lines at the Houston AI server plant. The robots will run NVIDIA's Isaac GR00T N foundation model on Jetson Thor compute, with on-board perception via NVIDIA FoundationPose, and were trained in NVIDIA Isaac Sim and Omniverse. Initial deployment was set for the first quarter of 2026, marking the first known use of humanoid robots in Foxconn's production lines in the company's 50-year history.^[15][16] Foxconn said it would continue expanding AI server production across Texas, Wisconsin and California, and its separate joint venture with Intrinsic targets flexible robotic assembly in the United States.^[15][33]

Humanoid robot initiatives (selected)

Semiconductors and advanced packaging

Under Young Liu, Foxconn has expanded into semiconductors, including IC design, foundry partnerships, and advanced packaging through the S Business Group. Foxconn has established a strategic alliance with Japanese partners on panel-level fan-out (FOPLP) packaging and announced a EUR 250 million investment in 2025 to build Europe's first fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) facility through a joint venture in France with Thales and Radiall, intended to serve aerospace, defense, telecommunications, and AI workloads. Foxconn has also indicated interest in advanced packaging demand for AI accelerators and HBM-related applications.^[39][40]

Electric vehicles

Foxconn launched the MIH (Mobility in Harmony) open-source electric vehicle platform in October 2020 as the foundation for a broad EV manufacturing services strategy. The MIH Consortium had more than 2,500 members as of January 2023.^[41] In November 2021, Foxconn agreed to acquire the Lordstown, Ohio assembly plant from Lordstown Motors. In May 2022, the two companies closed an asset purchase agreement and entered a joint venture, MIH EV Design LLC (55% Foxconn, 45% Lordstown), to co-develop EV programs. Lordstown Motors subsequently went bankrupt, and in August 2025 Foxconn sold the Lordstown plant and its equipment for US$375 million to Crescent Dune LLC, an affiliate of SoftBank Group, while saying it would continue operating at the site.^{[42][43][59][60]} The MIH platform competes in part with the contract-EV strategies pursued by Tesla suppliers and other automotive contract manufacturers.

Smart manufacturing partnerships

NVIDIA

NVIDIA is Foxconn's most strategically important partner across the AI stack: AI server manufacturing as a GB200 NVL72 and GB300 NVL72 PBR Partner with the world's largest GB200 production line in Guadalajara, Mexico; industrial AI through NVIDIA Omniverse, Isaac Sim, Isaac AMR, Metropolis, and FoundationPose across Foxconn factories; humanoid robotics co-development running Isaac GR00T on Jetson Thor; joint work on an 800 VDC power architecture for next-generation AI factories; internal use of NVIDIA RTX PRO Servers across Foxconn operations; and the GB200 NVL72-based Hon Hai Kaohsiung Super Computing Center.^{[7][13][32][15][44][45][18]}

Intrinsic, SAP, and others

The November 2025 multi-phase joint venture with Alphabet's Intrinsic targets flexible, AI-driven robotics for electronics assembly, inspection, machine tending, and logistics, using Intrinsic Flowstate and the Intrinsic Vision Model.^[33][34] In March 2026, Foxconn also announced a strategic partnership with SAP to accelerate AI-powered manufacturing and supply chain operations using SAP Business AI.^[46] Partners appearing at Hon Hai Tech Day 2025 included NVIDIA, OpenAI, Alphabet, IBM, ABB Robotics, Uber and Mitsubishi Fuso.^[11]

Geographic expansion

Foxconn has been one of the most aggressive multinational manufacturers in pursuing diversification away from concentration in mainland China. The company's 2024 and 2025 disposal-of-capital announcements consolidated roughly US$840 million of new commitments across the United States, Mexico, India, and Europe, with subsequent Taiwan Ministry of Economic Affairs approvals covering additional US$2.2 billion-plus projects in the United States and India.^[47][48]

In India, Foxconn invested heavily in 2024 and 2025 in iPhone manufacturing in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, smartphone component fabs in Uttar Pradesh, and a US$1.49 billion smartphone components facility through Yuzhan Technology (India), reinforcing its role in Apple's supply chain rebalancing.^[49][48] In Mexico, FII AMC MEXICO scaled significantly in 2024 and 2025 to host the world's largest NVIDIA GB200 production line in Guadalajara, secured by a US$241 million equity acquisition.^[13][47] In the United States, Foxconn revitalized its Ohio (Lordstown) site for cloud and networking, established Project ETA (DE) LLC with US$735 million for data center module production, and committed to AI server expansion in Texas (Houston), Wisconsin, and California.^[47][15] Foxconn has also expanded in northern Vietnam, where FII's Bac Giang facility became Vietnam's first WEF Lighthouse factory in 2024, and maintains long-running operations in the Czech Republic, Brazil, and Slovakia.^[4][28]

Financial performance

Foxconn's revenue has compounded steadily since the early 2000s, driven by the iPhone era and, more recently, the AI server boom. Selected milestones:

Full-year 2024 net profit reached NT$152.7 billion, equivalent to earnings per share of NT$11.01, the highest in 17 years. The company announced a record cash dividend of NT$5.80 per share, the largest since its 1991 listing on the Taiwan Stock Exchange.^[9][50] Through the AI server boom, Foxconn's cloud and networking products division became its largest segment, accounting for more than 40 percent of revenue by 2025, while quarterly operating profit rose sharply on improving AI server scale and margins.^[3][2]

Workforce and operations

Foxconn's global workforce typically ranges between roughly 750,000 and 900,000 employees during peak production seasons. The company operates more than 220 factories and offices in 24 countries^[48], with the heaviest concentration in mainland China (Shenzhen, Zhengzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing, and Kunshan). Foxconn ranked 28th on the Fortune Global 500 in 2026.^[51][52][5]

Controversies

Foxconn has faced extensive scrutiny over working conditions in its China factories, notably after a series of worker suicides at the Shenzhen Longhua complex in 2010, which prompted the installation of safety nets, wage increases, and counseling programs. Subsequent reporting has documented continued concerns over overtime, dormitory conditions, and discipline at peak production periods, including during pandemic-era lockdowns at Zhengzhou in late 2022.^[4]

The Wisconsin Mount Pleasant project, originally promoted as a US$10 billion LCD facility, has been widely characterized as a failed industrial promise that produced only a fraction of the announced investment and employment.^[23]

Continue reading

• NvidiaNvidia Corporation is an American technology company that designs graphics processing units (GPUs) and is the world's dominant supplier of hardware for artificial intelligenceMentioned 35 times above
• Apple Inc.Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California.Mentioned 16 times above
• Humanoid Robot"Humanoid" redirects here. For the London-based robotics company, see Humanoid (company).Mentioned 12 times above
• RRoboticsRobotics is the interdisciplinary study and engineering of robots: embodied machines whose mechanisms, sensors, computation, and actuators are organized to perform tasks in the physical world.Mentioned 12 times above
• Isaac GR00TIsaac GR00T (short for Generalist Robot 00 Technology) is an open foundation model family from NVIDIA that gives humanoid robots a single, pretrained "AI brain" for perception, reasoning, and motor control.Mentioned 5 times above
• Jetson ThorNVIDIA Jetson Thor (also marketed as Jetson AGX Thor) is a Blackwell architecture edge AI computing module developed by NVIDIA that delivers up to 2,070 FP4 teraflops of AI compute in a 40 to 130 watt power…Mentioned 3 times above

More from See also

• AI server
• Tesla (robotics)
• TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company)
• Quanta Computer
• Wistron
• Pegatron
• Industry 4.0
• Smart manufacturing
• Edge AI

Topics:AI CompaniesAI HardwareRobotics

References

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49. ^Foxconn to Invest $1.49 Billion to Set Up iPhone Manufacturing Facility in India. Analytics India Magazine. Retrieved 26 April 2026 from analyticsindiamag.com/...cturing-facility-in-india.
50. ^Hon Hai Technology Group (Foxconn) Announces Second Quarter 2025 Financial Results. Hon Hai Technology Group. Retrieved 26 April 2026 from foxconn.com/...1812.
51. ^Foxconn Stats and Facts. ThriveMyWay. Retrieved 26 April 2026 from thrivemyway.com/foxconn-stats.
52. ^Foxconn adds 50,000 workers in Zhengzhou plant as it prepares for Apple's iPhone 16 launch. Yahoo Finance. Retrieved 26 April 2026 from finance.yahoo.com/...adds-50-000-workers-093000170.
53. ^Foxconn unveils 'FoxBrain,' built on Nvidia GPUs to boost AI efforts. Reuters via Yahoo Finance (10 March 2025). Retrieved 28 October 2026 from finance.yahoo.com/...irst-large-language-072858118.
54. ^Llama_3.1-FoxBrain-70B-V1.2 model card and usage agreement. FoxconnAI, Hugging Face (31 July 2025). Retrieved 28 October 2026 from huggingface.co/...Llama_3.1-FoxBrain-70B-V1.2.
55. ^Hon Hai Technology Group (Foxconn) Demonstrates AI-driven Platform Capabilities Across Robotics, Space, Healthcare At COMPUTEX 2026. Hon Hai Technology Group (1 June 2026). Retrieved 28 October 2026 from foxconn.com/...2044.
56. ^1 ^2 ^3 ^4Foxconn now makes more money from AI servers than from everything else combined. The Next Web (12 August 2026). Retrieved 2 November 2026 from thenextweb.com/...-ai-servers-half-revenue-hon-hai.
57. ^Hon Hai posts record growth in revenue. Taipei Times (6 January 2026). Retrieved 2 November 2026 from taipeitimes.com/...2003850095.
58. ^Hon Hai reports first monthly sales over NT$1 trillion in September. Focus Taiwan (5 October 2026). Retrieved 2 November 2026 from focustaiwan.tw/...202610050019.
59. ^Foxconn to sell former car factory in Ohio for $375m. Just Auto via Yahoo Finance (6 August 2025). Retrieved 2 November 2026 from finance.yahoo.com/...-former-car-factory-173912721.
60. ^SoftBank Affiliate Takes Title to Lordstown Plant. Business Journal Daily (26 September 2025). Retrieved 2 November 2026 from businessjournaldaily.com/...tle-to-lordstown-plant.

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