Robotics

Explore robots, the companies building them, and the methods used to sense, learn, and act.

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Understand how robot hardware and learned behavior fit together. Read in order or jump to a topic.

  1. 1RoboticsStart with the field and its core problems
  2. 2Robot learningExplore how robots acquire skills
  3. 3Reinforcement learningUnderstand learning through interaction
  4. 4Humanoid RobotSee how these ideas apply to a robot form

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1X EVE

1X EVE is a wheeled humanoid robot developed by 1X Technologies (formerly Halodi Robotics), a Norwegian-American robotics company founded in 2014.

Humanoid Robots

1X NEO Beta

1X NEO Beta is a bipedal humanoid robot for the home, developed by 1X Technologies (formerly Halodi Robotics) and unveiled on August 30, 2024.

Humanoid Robots

1X Neo

1X Neo (stylized as NEO) is a bipedal humanoid robot built for private homes by 1X Technologies (formerly Halodi Robotics), a Norwegian-American company backed by OpenAI.

Humanoid Robots

3D printing

3D printing, also called additive manufacturing (AM), is a family of fabrication processes that build three-dimensional objects from a digital model by adding material in successive layers

Generative AI

4NE-1

*This article is a detailed summary. For an even fuller treatment, see also NEURA Robotics 4NE-1.*

Humanoid Robots

ABB

ABB Ltd is a Swiss-Swedish multinational corporation headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland, and one of the largest industrial technology companies in the world, with about $32.9 billion in revenue in 2024 and…

AI Companies

AEI Robot Alice

Alice is a series of humanoid robots developed by AeiROBOT Co., Ltd., a South Korean robotics startup headquartered in Ansan, Gyeonggi-do.

Humanoid Robots

AI robotics

AI robotics is the integration of artificial intelligence techniques with physical robotic systems, enabling machines to perceive their environments, make decisions, and carry out actions in the real world.

Artificial Intelligence

AIDOL

AIDOL is a humanoid robot developed by Artificial Intelligence Dynamic Organism Lab (commonly abbreviated as AIDOL or Idol), a Russian robotics startup headquartered in Moscow.

Humanoid Robots

ALOHA (robot system)

ALOHA (A Low-cost Open-source Hardware System for Bimanual Teleoperation) is an open-source robotic platform for collecting bimanual manipulation demonstrations and training imitation learning policies, built…

ALOHA 2

ALOHA 2 is an open-source, low-cost bimanual teleoperation hardware platform released in February 2024 by an Google DeepMind led team working with the original ALOHA authors at Stanford University.

AI HardwareOpen Source AI

AMD Kria

AMD Kria is a family of embedded system-on-modules (SOMs) and matching carrier boards sold for machine vision, robotics, motor control, and industrial automation.

AI Hardware

AMD Ryzen AI Embedded X100

The AMD Ryzen AI Embedded X100 Series is a line of embedded x86 system-on-chip processors announced by AMD on 2026-07-23 at the company's Advancing AI 2026 conference in San Francisco, aimed at robotics…

AI HardwareEmbodied AI

ANYbotics

ANYbotics AG is a Swiss robotics company that builds autonomous four-legged (legged robot) machines for industrial inspection, best known for its ANYmal quadruped used to inspect oil and gas, chemicals, power…

AI CompaniesRobotics Companies

Actuator

An actuator is a device or mechanism that converts supplied energy and a command into mechanical force, torque, or motion.

AI Hardware

Adam SP

Adam SP is a full-size humanoid robot developed by PNDbotics, a Chinese robotics company specializing in full-stack humanoid robot design and manufacturing.

Humanoid Robots

Aeolus Robotics

Aeolus Robotics (also styled Aeolus Robotics Corporation, formerly Aeolus Robotics, Inc.) is a service robotics company founded in late 2016 that develops mobile robots with manipulator arms for domestic…

AI CompaniesHumanoid Robots

AgiBot A2

The AgiBot A2 (Chinese: 远征A2, Yuanzheng A2) is a full-size bipedal humanoid robot developed by AgiBot, a Chinese robotics company headquartered in Shanghai.

Humanoid Robots

AgiBot A2 Lite

The AgiBot A2 Lite (Chinese: 远征A2 Lite) is the most affordable full-size bipedal humanoid robot sold by AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics), a Shanghai-based Chinese robotics company, priced at approximately $44,560 and…

Humanoid Robots

AgiBot A2 Max

The AgiBot A2 Max (Chinese: 远征A2 Max, Yuanzheng A2 Max) is a heavy-duty bipedal humanoid robot developed by AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics) of Shanghai, China, and it is the largest and most powerful variant in the…

Humanoid Robots

AgiBot A2 Ultra

The AgiBot A2 Ultra (Chinese: 远征A2 Ultra, Yuanzheng A2 Ultra) is the perception-enhanced flagship variant of the AgiBot A2 interactive-service humanoid robot

Humanoid Robots

AgiBot A2-W

The AgiBot A2-W (Chinese: 远征A2-W, Yuanzheng A2-W) is a wheeled dual-arm mobile manipulator built for factory automation by AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics), a Shanghai-based Chinese robotics company.

Humanoid Robots

AgiBot A3

AgiBot A3, also marketed in China as Zhiyuan Expedition A3, is a full-size bipedal humanoid robot from AgiBot.

Humanoid Robots

AgiBot G2 Genie

The AgiBot G2 Genie is an industrial-grade wheeled humanoid robot developed by AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics), a Chinese company founded in 2023 by former Huawei engineers.

Humanoid Robots

AgiBot QUESTER1

The AgiBot QUESTER1 (also known as Q1 or Prime Quester Q1) is a compact humanoid robot developed by AgiBot, a Chinese robotics company headquartered in Shanghai.

Humanoid Robots

AgiBot RAISE A1

The AgiBot RAISE A1 (Chinese: 远征A1, Yuanzheng A1, literally "Expedition A1") is the first humanoid robot built by AgiBot (formerly Zhiyuan Robotics), a Shanghai robotics company, unveiled on August 18, 2023

Humanoid Robots

AgiBot World 2026

AgiBot World 2026 (styled AGIBOT WORLD 2026 by its publisher) is a real-world robot manipulation dataset released in stages during 2026 by the Chinese robotics company AgiBot.

Data & DatasetsEmbodied AI

AgiBot X1

The AgiBot X1, also marketed as the Lingxi X1, is a full-stack, open-source bipedal humanoid robot developed by the Shanghai company AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics) and unveiled on August 18, 2024.

Humanoid Robots

AgiBot X2

The AgiBot X2, also known as the Lingxi X2 (灵犀X2), is a compact bipedal humanoid robot developed by AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics), a Shanghai-based Chinese robotics company, and unveiled on March 11, 2025.

Humanoid Robots

AgiBot X2 Ultra

The AgiBot X2 Ultra is a compact bipedal humanoid robot developed by AgiBot, a Chinese robotics company headquartered in Shanghai.

Humanoid Robots

Agile One

Agile One (stylized as Agile ONE) is an industrial humanoid robot developed by Agile Robots SE, a Munich-based robotics company originally spun off from the German Aerospace Center (DLR).

Humanoid Robots

Agile Robots SE

Agile Robots SE (formerly Agile Robots AG) is a German robotics company headquartered in Munich, Germany, that builds AI-powered robots combining precise force-torque sensing with computer vision.

Humanoid RobotsRobotics Companies

Agility Digit

Agility Digit is a bipedal humanoid robot developed by Agility Robotics (rebranded as Agility in March 2026), an American robotics company headquartered in Salem, Oregon.

Humanoid Robots

Aldebaran Robotics

Aldebaran Robotics, later known simply as Aldebaran, was a French robotics company founded in 2005 in Paris by entrepreneur Bruno Maisonnier

Humanoid Robots

Allegro Hand

The Allegro Hand is a low-cost, four-fingered anthropomorphic research hand built by Wonik Robotics of South Korea, and one of the most widely used dexterous hands in academic robot manipulation and robot…

Robot HardwareRobotics Companies

Alt-Bionics

Alt-Bionics, Inc. is a San Antonio, Texas company that designs low-cost robotic hands for two related markets: myoelectric prosthetic hands for people with upper-limb amputations, and dexterous robotic end…

Robot HardwareRobotics Companies

Amazon Prime Air

Amazon Prime Air is Amazon's drone package delivery service, announced by founder Jeff Bezos on the CBS program 60 Minutes in December 2013 and in commercial operation since 2022.

Autonomous Vehicles

Amazon Robotics

Amazon Robotics LLC is the wholly owned robotics and warehouse-automation subsidiary of Amazon that designs, manufactures, and operates the autonomous mobile robots, robotic arms, gantry systems, and…

AI CompaniesRobotics Companies

Ameca (robot)

Ameca is a humanoid robot developed by Engineered Arts, a British robotics company based in Falmouth, Cornwall, United Kingdom, that the company markets as "the world's most advanced social humanoid robot."…

Humanoid Robots

Apollo (Apptronik)

Apollo is a general-purpose humanoid robot built by Apptronik, an Austin, Texas robotics company, and is designed for safe human collaboration on factory floors, in warehouses, and across logistics facilities.

Humanoid Robots

Apollo 2

Apollo 2 is a modular humanoid robot platform developed by Apptronik for industrial pilots, robotics data collection, and embodied-AI research.

Humanoid Robots

Arduino VENTUNO Q

Arduino VENTUNO Q is a single-board computer and developer board for edge AI, computer vision, and robotics. Arduino first unveiled it on March 9, 2026. Public pre-orders opened on August 25, 2026.

AI HardwarePhysical AI

Artificial muscle

Artificial muscle is an umbrella term for actuator technologies that generate motion by contracting along a line, the way biological muscle shortens to pull a tendon

AI Hardware

Astribot S1

The Astribot S1 is a mobile dual-arm humanoid robot developed by Stardust Intelligence (Chinese: 星尘智能), a robotics startup headquartered in Shenzhen, China, that operates under the brand name Astribot.

Humanoid Robots

AstroD AD-01

The AstroD AD-01 (also referred to as AstroDroid AD-01) is a general-purpose humanoid robot developed by INFIFORCE (formerly branded as ELU.AI), a Chinese embodied AI company headquartered in Hangzhou.

Humanoid Robots

Atlas (robot)

Atlas is the name of a humanoid robot program developed by Boston Dynamics. It covers several distinct machines: the hydraulically actuated disaster-response platform unveiled for the DARPA Robotics Challenge…

Humanoid Robots

Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV)

An Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) is a driverless, self-propelled material-handling vehicle that follows a fixed, predefined guidance path (a wire buried in the floor, magnetic tape, painted lines, optical…

Autonomous Mobile Robot

An autonomous mobile robot (AMR) is a category of robot that moves through unstructured or partially structured environments without relying on fixed physical guides such as magnetic tape, embedded wires…

AI Tools & Products

Axial flux motor

An axial flux motor is an electric motor in which the magnetic flux crossing the gap between rotor and stator runs parallel to the shaft, rather than radiating outward from it as in a conventional motor.

AI Hardware