Xiaomi (robotics)

Xiaomi Corporation is a Chinese technology company whose robotics effort began as an internal quadruped project in 2020 and became the Xiaomi Robotics Lab, announced by founder Lei Jun on August 10, 2021.^[29][30] The lab's products run from the open-source CyberDog quadruped (2021) and CyberDog 2 (2023) to the full-size CyberOne bipedal humanoid robot (2022). In March 2026 Xiaomi reported that its humanoid robots had worked three continuous hours at a nut-installation station in its own electric vehicle factory with a 90.2% success rate, and by July 2026 it said the rate at that station had reached 98%.^[7][44] A new-generation humanoid, 1.70 m tall with 66 degrees of freedom, made its public debut at the 2026 World Robot Conference in Beijing on August 19, 2026, and Xiaomi also released open-source robot foundation models, including the 4.7-billion-parameter vision-language-action model Xiaomi-Robotics-0 (February 2026) and Xiaomi-Robotics-1 (July 2026).^[11][40][44] Xiaomi's broader AI and language-model work is covered in Xiaomi AI.

Xiaomi presents its robots as part of its "Human x Car x Home" ecosystem rather than as a standalone product line, and says its first deployment target is manufacturing.^[45] Lei Jun said in November 2025 that humanoid robots would be working at scale in Xiaomi factories within five years, and that this would be only a first step, with household demand for humanoids larger still.^[50] At the Mobile World Congress in March 2026, Xiaomi President Lu Weibing described the robots on the production line as "more like the interns," adding that they "weren't doing an official job."^[8]

Company background

Xiaomi was founded in April 2010 and listed on the Main Board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on July 9, 2018 (1810.HK).^[3] The company began with smartphones and was among the top three global smartphone vendors by shipments for the fifth consecutive year in 2025.^[28] Over time it diversified into a large ecosystem of connected products, including smart home devices, wearables, laptops, televisions, and Internet of Things (IoT) appliances.

Xiaomi launched its first electric vehicle, the SU7 sedan, in 2024.^[19] Its EV Hyperfactory in the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area (Yizhuang) covers 718,000 square meters; one vehicle comes off the line every 76 seconds, more than 700 robots work in the body workshop, and a factory representative told the Global Times in January 2026 that automation had reached 100 percent across more than 200 key processes.^[48] For the full year 2025, Xiaomi reported record total revenue of 457.3 billion yuan (about $66.4 billion), up 25% year on year, with adjusted net profit of 39.2 billion yuan, up 43.8%, and R&D spending of 33.1 billion yuan.^[28] Vehicle deliveries reached 411,082 units in 2025, a 200.4% increase, and the smart EV and AI segment posted its first annual operating profit, 900 million yuan.^[49] Lei Jun has said Xiaomi plans to spend more than 200 billion yuan on R&D over the five years from 2026, and more than 60 billion yuan on AI over three years.^[44]

This combination of large-scale hardware manufacturing, an in-house car factory, AI model development, and a connected device ecosystem is the foundation of Xiaomi's robotics work.

What is the Xiaomi Robotics Lab?

Xiaomi's robot project was approved internally in September 2020, according to a 2025 investigation by the Chinese outlet Leiphone and a 2026 analysis republished by The Paper.^[29][56] Leiphone reported that the first team, code-named "K91," was assembled mostly from the smartphone division and chose ROS 2 as its software foundation.^[29] On August 10, 2021, at the launch of the first CyberDog, Lei Jun announced that the Xiaomi Robotics Lab had been formally established and invited robotics engineers to join it.^[30]

The lab's organization has changed several times since then:

Leiphone reported that after the 2024 move the robotics team, then more than 100 people, sat inside the autonomous-driving organization led by Ye Hangjun; both Ye Hangjun and Diyun Xiang, whom Leiphone names as the lab's head, appear among the authors of Xiaomi's 2026 robot-model papers.^[29][12][40] The IT Home report of August 2026 said the new department had absorbed Chen Long's VLA team and Cai Rui's robot embodiment unit, placing all of Xiaomi's embodied-AI work under Kong Tao.^[52] Xiaomi's bionic manipulation lead, You Yangwei, presented the factory program at the 2026 World Artificial Intelligence Conference in July.^[53]

Xiaomi's 2022 CyberOne press release listed the research fields behind the robot:^[2]

In late 2025 Xiaomi's robotics business had 257 open positions, 12 of them in dexterous-hand work. Lu Zeyu, a former member of Tesla's Optimus dexterous hand team, joined in October 2025 as head of dexterous-hand R&D.^[18][51] At Tesla he had worked on the Optimus hand's tactile sensors, dexterous grasping and manipulation, and hand structure design.^[18]

CyberDog (2021)

The Robotics Lab's first product was CyberDog, an open-source bio-inspired quadruped robot launched on August 10, 2021.^[3] The Robot Report described it as aimed at research engineers and hobbyists who did not want to pay for a platform like Boston Dynamics' Spot, at about one tenth of Spot's cost.^[4]

CyberDog specifications

CyberDog supported autonomous object tracking, SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping), centimeter-scale obstacle avoidance and navigation, human posture and face recognition tracking, voice control through a wake word, and dynamic movements such as backflips.^[3] Xiaomi promised a "Xiaomi Open Source Community" for developers.^[3] Its public ROS 2 code, released in September 2021, targeted ROS 2 Galactic adapted to Ubuntu 18.04, because NVIDIA then supported only Ubuntu 18.04 on Jetson.^[58] Leiphone reported that Xiaomi open-sourced everything except the motion-control stack, and that the robot's owner-tracking technology was later reused in the subject-tracking focus feature of the Xiaomi 12 phone.^[29]

CyberDog 2 (2023)

Lei Jun introduced CyberDog 2 at his annual speech on August 14, 2023.^[6][32] The second-generation robot, styled after a Doberman, weighs 8.9 kg and stands 36.7 cm tall, 40% lighter than the first model.^[31][32] It uses 12 of Xiaomi's CyberGear micro-actuators, giving its legs 12 degrees of freedom, and 19 sensors, including LiDAR, time-of-flight sensors, touch sensors, cameras, and an ultrasonic radar; its depth camera is an Intel RealSense D430.^[31][32] TechNode reported a walking speed of 1.6 m/s and said Xiaomi trained the robot with 30,000 simulated AI dogs.^[6]

CyberDog 2 can recognize faces, voiceprints, and emotions and can control Mi Home smart-home devices.^[31] Xiaomi priced it at 12,999 yuan. Lei Jun said the first CyberDog's 9,999 yuan price had not covered its cost, and that CyberDog 2 was positioned as a development platform that buyers had to apply for, rather than a product for ordinary consumers.^[31] Xiaomi also sold the CyberGear actuator on its own for 499 yuan (317 g, 12 N·m maximum torque).^[31] Xiaomi said it had made CyberDog 2 as open as possible, from code to structural drawings.^[32] The build instructions in Xiaomi's MiRoboticsLab GitHub repositories use an Ubuntu 18.04 base image with ROS 2 Galactic.^[33]

Leiphone reported that only about 2,000 units of CyberDog 2 were produced, that many buyers returned them after finding advanced moves such as backflips locked for safety, and that Xiaomi then stopped selling the robot and kept quadrupeds as a research project. Xiaomi has not confirmed these figures.^[29]

CyberOne humanoid robot (2022)

CyberOne (internal nickname "Tieda") is a full-size bipedal humanoid robot unveiled on August 11, 2022, at a Xiaomi product launch event in Beijing.^[1][34][35] Lei Jun introduced it on stage, where the robot greeted him and handed him a flower.^[1] It stands 177 cm tall, weighs 52 kg, and has 21 degrees of freedom.^[2]

CyberOne specifications

Xiaomi described CyberOne as able to perceive 3D space and recognize individuals, gestures, and expressions, and to detect happiness and "comfort the user in times of sadness."^[1] Lei Jun said at the launch that "CyberOne's AI and mechanical capabilities are all self-developed by Xiaomi Robotics Lab."^[1] He also said it could not yet be mass-produced.^[35] IEEE Spectrum's Evan Ackerman read the press release as presenting CyberOne as a technology showcase whose components would feed into other Xiaomi products, rather than as a practical product in itself.^[2]

CyberOne appeared nearly two months before Tesla's Optimus prototype, which Tesla showed at its AI Day on September 30, 2022.^[35][45] CyberOne was displayed at Mobile World Congress 2023 in Barcelona, where TechCrunch noted that it gave no demonstration at the booth, and at the 2023 World Robot Conference in Beijing.^[37][8] Leiphone (in March 2025) reported that no Xiaomi humanoid appeared at the 2024 World Robot Conference, WAIC or Xiaomi's annual launch, and a 2026 analysis republished by The Paper described the robot as out of public view for four years before its 2026 return.^[29][56] In October 2025 Beijing Xiaomi Robotics Technology Co. registered a copyright in an artwork titled "Third-generation humanoid robot CyberOne," and at Xiaomi's January 7, 2026 technology awards Lei Jun said the robotics business would show new progress in 2026.^[38]

AI and software platforms

Xiaomi has released several robot and embodied-AI models as open source.

MiMo-Embodied (November 2025)

In November 2025 Xiaomi's MiMo team released MiMo-Embodied, which it describes as the first cross-embodied foundation model to integrate autonomous driving and embodied AI.^[39] The technical report (arXiv, November 20, 2025) says it sets new records across 17 embodied AI benchmarks (task planning, affordance prediction, and spatial understanding) and performs strongly on 12 autonomous driving benchmarks (environmental perception, status prediction, and driving planning).^[39] The weights were published on Hugging Face as MiMo-Embodied-7B.^[39] More detail is in Xiaomi AI.

Xiaomi-Robotics-0 (February 2026)

On February 12, 2026, Xiaomi announced Xiaomi-Robotics-0, a 4.7-billion-parameter open-source vision-language-action (VLA) model designed for real-time robot execution.^[11][12] It pairs a pre-trained vision-language model (Qwen3-VL-4B-Instruct) with a Diffusion Transformer in a mixture-of-transformers (MoT) architecture.^[12] According to Xiaomi's technical report, it achieves state-of-the-art results across the LIBERO, CALVIN, and SimplerEnv simulation benchmarks, including a 98.7% average success rate on LIBERO.^[12] Gizmochina reported that Xiaomi compared it against around 30 other models.^[11]

The VLM processes visual inputs and language instructions, and the DiT turns that context into continuous action sequences.^[12] Xiaomi trained the model for asynchronous execution to hide inference latency during real-robot rollouts, and aligns the timesteps of consecutive predicted action chunks so that motion stays smooth.^[12]

Xiaomi-Robotics-U0 and Xiaomi-Robotics-1 (July 2026)

On July 13, 2026 Xiaomi published Xiaomi-Robotics-U0, a 34-billion-parameter (per its GitHub README; the arXiv abstract gives 38 billion) autoregressive "world foundation model" initialized from Emu3.5 that generates images, multi-view robot scenes, and videos in one framework, under the Apache 2.0 license.^[41][42] You Yangwei said the model was meant to expand robot training data through generation at lower cost.^[53]

On July 16, 2026 Xiaomi's robotics team released the Xiaomi-Robotics-1 technical report. The VLA model is pre-trained on more than 100,000 hours of real-world manipulation trajectories collected with UMI devices, then post-trained on robot data.^[40] It couples a Qwen3-VL model with a DiT through a mixture-of-transformers design, and the code is released under Apache 2.0.^[43] Xiaomi reports a 57.4% success rate on RoboCasa365 (previous best 46.6%) and an average score of 20.07 on RoboDojo (previous best 13.07); Lei Jun said the model ranked first on both leaderboards.^[40][44]

TacRefineNet

TacRefineNet is Xiaomi's tactile perception model, used alongside Xiaomi-Robotics-0 in its factory robots to let them use touch during manipulation.^[19] Xiaomi said that vision alone can be unreliable in factories because of lighting changes or occlusion, while touch alone can be confused by unexpected contact with surrounding equipment, so its robots combine both.^[19]

Xiaomi open-sourced the TacRefineNet framework together with 61 hours of raw tactile data collected with tactile gloves.^[14]

How does Xiaomi deploy humanoid robots in its factory?

On March 2, 2026, Xiaomi said in a Weibo post that its humanoid robot had entered its EV factory for real component-assembly work, and Lei Jun shared the results the same day.^[7][9] Two robots took part in the trial.^[8][19] Lu Weibing told CNBC that the biggest challenge was for the robots to keep up with the factory's pace, where "every 76 seconds, a new car gets off the assembly line."^[8] The robots ran Xiaomi-Robotics-0 combined with reinforcement learning.^[7]

Task and performance

The robots worked at a self-tapping nut installation station in the die-casting workshop.^[7][10] The task required each robot to:

1. Pick self-tapping nuts from an automatic feeding device
2. Place them onto positioning fixtures
3. Coordinate with slide conveyors and automatic positioning
4. Complete automated tightening of floor components after integrated die-casting

Xiaomi said the main difficulty was aligning and engaging the nuts, complicated by the spline structure inside them, non-fixed gripping postures, and magnetic interference.^[7] The reinforcement learning controller was trained on hundreds of millions of random perturbations in simulation and transferred zero-shot to the real robots.^[7] Xiaomi was also validating the robots at other stations, including bin-picking and front badge installation.^[7]

Four-month "internship" results (July 2026)

In July 2026 Xiaomi released video of the robots in the logistics area of the final assembly workshop. Lei Jun said the nut station's two-sided success rate had risen from 90.2% to 98%, and that two new tasks, sorting flexible center-console side covers and folding empty plastic logistics boxes, had each reached 90%, the first time the robots had handled flexible parts over long runs.^[44] IT Home described 98% as one percentage point below the pass rate of human workers at the station.^[52] When the March trial was announced, Lei Jun had framed the problem as production rhythm: a laboratory can accept ten thousand failures for one success, while a factory needs ten thousand successes in a row.^[44]

At the World Artificial Intelligence Conference in July, You Yangwei said the pilot had also expanded to badge application, and that box folding was faster than unskilled workers but still behind skilled ones. He compared the industry's stage to L2 driver assistance: robots can do some work under human supervision, and factories will reach scale before homes.^[53]

Significance

Humanoids Daily noted that moving from a 90% success rate to production-grade reliability would require more durable hardware.^[13] Lei Jun said after the March trial that Xiaomi plans to have "a large number" of humanoid robots working in its factories within five years.^[9] Jiemian reported in August 2026 that the robotics business was still at the prototype and internal-validation stage, with no independent external revenue.^[44]

New-generation humanoid (2026)

A new Xiaomi humanoid robot, with the Xiaomi logo on its chest, handed out paper bags to guests at Xiaomi's 2026 Investor Day on April 27.^[36] Humanoids Daily noted that Xiaomi had not released specifications, pricing, or a launch date for it.^[57]

On the August 18, 2026 earnings call, Lu Weibing said the robot would make its public debut at the 2026 World Robot Conference in Beijing (August 19 to 23). He said its most important use for now was on smart-factory production lines, and that Xiaomi would not treat the robot as a standalone business but tie it into its "Human x Car x Home" ecosystem.^[45][46]

At the conference the robot played a florist: it picked up bouquets, added scented inserts, handed them to visitors, and shook hands, bumped fists, and made heart gestures. Xiaomi said the actions were chosen by an embodied model rather than a preset script.^[44] Jiemian described the design as a light-gray one-piece body with a matte silver helmet-style head.^[44] On September 3, 2026, the day before IFA 2026 opened in Berlin, Xiaomi presented CyberOne to the press there, following Xiaomi's plan to show the robot in Europe after its domestic debut.^[47][44]

Bionic hand with evaporative cooling (March 2026)

In late March 2026 Xiaomi detailed a redesigned bionic hand for the CyberOne platform on its official Weibo and WeChat accounts.^[13][14]

Physical redesign

The new hand is about 60% smaller by volume, shrinking from 228 x 105 x 64 mm to 187 x 88 x 36 mm.^[13] Xiaomi says this matches the hand of a 1.73 m adult at 1:1 scale, so that human teleoperation data transfers more directly to the robot.^[13][14] Total degrees of freedom increased by 50% and active degrees of freedom by 83%, which IT Home's editors set against the roughly 22 to 27 degrees of freedom of the human hand. Xiaomi's summary figure, repeated by Lei Jun, was a 64% increase in degrees of freedom.^[13][14]

Full-palm tactile sensing

Tactile coverage expanded to 8,200 square millimeters across fingertips, finger pads, and the palm.^[13] Training data was collected with sensorized tactile gloves worn by human operators and fed into Xiaomi-Robotics-0 and TacRefineNet.^[13]

How does Xiaomi's sweating robot hand work?

More active degrees of freedom need more motors packed into a small space, which creates local overheating (Humanoids Daily put the count at more than 20 motors). Xiaomi estimates that a hand doing heavy work can draw over 100 watts; at 70% efficiency, more than 30 watts become heat, and under stall conditions (holding force without moving) that heat limits continuous operation.^[13] Xiaomi's answer is a cooling system modeled on sweat glands: metal 3D-printed liquid cooling channels in the forearm, and a micro-pump that carries heat from the motors to an evaporation zone.^[13]

Xiaomi also reported durability gains. Early high-complexity hands had failed in fewer than 10,000 cycles from snapped tendons, broken springs, or damaged casings; after a year of design, simulation, and test iterations, the new hand survived more than 150,000 continuous grasping cycles without failure in footage Xiaomi released.^[13]

Strategic investments in robotics suppliers (2025 to 2026)

Alongside its in-house work, Xiaomi invests in the robotics supply chain. Jiemian reported in December 2025 that, according to public records, Xiaomi had put about 15 billion yuan into nearly 50 robotics and related companies since 2015 through platforms including the Changjiang Industry Fund and Shunwei Capital. Named investees include Unitree Robotics, Mech-Mind, Standard Robots, Guohua Xinguang (magnetic-wave reducers), Kunwei Technology (six-axis force sensors), Fairino, Xingyuan Technology, and Fourier Intelligence.^[51] An April 2026 analysis citing IT Juzi data counted 25 humanoid-related deals in 15 companies by Xiaomi and Shunwei since 2021, including actuator maker RobStride, dexterous-hand makers Xynova and Inspire Robots, and embodied-AI companies Spirit AI and Xiaoyu Zhizao.^[56] Leiphone reported that RobStride was founded by the former CyberGear lead designer and a colleague after they left Xiaomi, with Xiaomi as its first-round investor.^[29]

One investment that Xiaomi's strategic investment arm has commented on publicly is the Hangzhou-based dexterous hand specialist Xynova.^[22]

Xynova investment

Xiaomi Strategic Investment joined Xynova's angel round, which closed in December 2025 at more than 100 million yuan (about 13.7 million US dollars).^[22][23] The round was led by CATL Capital, the investment platform of battery maker CATL, with Xiaomi Strategic Investment, Zhengxuan Investment, Orient Renaissance Capital, SEARI Capital, and the L2F Ray Entrepreneur Fund as co-investors; Lighthouse Capital was the exclusive financial advisor.^[22] Xiaomi Strategic Investment said at the time: "Dexterous hands are key end-effectors for precise robotic operation."^[22]

Xynova's Pre-A round, announced in March 2026, raised "hundreds of millions of yuan" and was led by an undisclosed top-tier internet company.^[24] Existing strategic investors, including Xiaomi and funds affiliated with the China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC), increased their stakes.^[25]

Xynova product portfolio

Xynova develops high-degree-of-freedom dexterous hands and the actuators beneath them:

Xynova also makes miniature electric cylinders (10 to 12 mm, 100 to 300 N thrust) built from its own 8 mm hollow-cup motors and 7 mm planetary roller screws, and integrated joint modules with a stated torque density of 322 newton-metres per kilogram.^[22] It projects annual capacity of 10,000 high-DoF dexterous hands and 200,000 micro electric cylinders by the end of 2026.^[25]

Relationship to Xiaomi's own bionic hand

Xiaomi Strategic Investment is on the Xynova cap table through both rounds.^[22][25] The published descriptions of Xiaomi's March 2026 CyberOne hand redesign attribute it to Xiaomi's own team and do not mention Xynova.^[13][14] Xiaomi is pursuing both in-house hand development, led since October 2025 by Lu Zeyu, and equity in outside hand and actuator specialists.^[51][56]

Lei Jun's robotics vision

Lei Jun has been the main public champion of Xiaomi's robotics program.

At the 2022 CyberOne unveiling, he said: "CyberOne's AI and mechanical capabilities are all self-developed by Xiaomi Robotics Lab. We have invested heavily in R&D spanning various areas, including software, hardware and algorithms innovation."^[1]

In an interview with Beijing Daily published on November 28, 2025, Lei Jun said the fusion of AI with traditional industries would open a new trillion-yuan market, citing an X-ray and AI-vision inspection system in Xiaomi's car factory that checks large die-cast parts in two seconds. He predicted that humanoid robots would be working at scale in Xiaomi factories within five years, and said this was only the first step, since household demand for humanoids is larger and more demanding.^[50][15]

At the 2026 Two Sessions, Lei Jun submitted five proposals, one of which dealt with humanoid robots.^[16] He described today's humanoids as "apprentices" and listed their bottlenecks: poor process stability, high hardware costs, and narrow application scenarios. He proposed that by 2027 the mean time between failures (MTBF) of humanoid robots in specific industrial scenarios should exceed 10,000 hours, together with more smart-manufacturing application scenarios, industrial subsidies and policy incentives, and stronger safety standards.^[16] Gasgoo calculated that at 20 hours a day, 10,000 hours means about 500 days without failure, which it called the entry threshold for a "formal employee."^[16]

How does Xiaomi compare with other humanoid robot makers?

Xiaomi operates in a crowded Chinese humanoid robotics industry.

Industry tiering

According to a report by Yicai cited by TrendForce in January 2026, the Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence places China's humanoid robotics companies in three tiers:^[17]

Unlike pure-play robotics companies, Xiaomi treats robotics as one unit of a much larger group, and Jiemian reported that the business had no independent external revenue as of August 2026.^[44]

Comparison with key competitors

Xiaomi's main assets are its own car factory, which gives it a place to test robots on real production lines, its hardware supply chain, and its in-house model teams; You Yangwei has named these three as the basis of its closed loop of research, validation, and data.^[53] It has also released several of its robot models as open source (MiMo-Embodied, Xiaomi-Robotics-0, Xiaomi-Robotics-U0, Xiaomi-Robotics-1) and TacRefineNet with its tactile data.^{[14][39][40][41]}

Global context

TrendForce forecasts 2026 as a pivotal year for humanoid robot commercialization, with global shipments expected to exceed 50,000 units (over 700% year-on-year growth).^[17] Morgan Stanley projects that the humanoid robot market could surpass $5 trillion by 2050.^[20] The draft outline of China's 15th Five-Year Plan (2026 to 2030), reviewed at the March 2026 session of the National People's Congress, elevates robotics and embodied intelligence across its industrial strategy, and by March 2026 China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology had released the first national standard system covering the humanoid robot industry's whole lifecycle.^[21]

Strategic significance

Xiaomi's robotics program has moved through several distinct phases.

Xiaomi has used its EV factory as the proving ground for its humanoids, and both Lei Jun and You Yangwei have said that factories will come before homes.^[50][53]

See also

• Xiaomi AI
• Lei Jun
• Xiaomi CyberOne
• Xiaomi CyberDog
• Humanoid robots
• Tesla Optimus
• Unitree Robotics
• UBTECH Robotics
• Vision-language-action model
• Reinforcement learning
• Embodied AI
• World Robot Conference
• Xynova
• Xynova Flex 1
• Xynova Flex 2
• CATL
• Dexterous hand
• Humanoid robot hands
• Tactile sensing

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