Civitai
Last reviewed
Sources
21 citations
Review status
Source-backed
Revision
v7 ยท 4,324 words
Improve this article
Add missing citations, update stale details, or suggest a clearer explanation.
Suggest edit
CtrlK
Last reviewed
Sources
21 citations
Review status
Source-backed
Revision
v7 ยท 4,324 words
Add missing citations, update stale details, or suggest a clearer explanation.
Civitai (pronounced "siv-it-eye") is the largest community hub and marketplace for sharing open-source image generation models, hosting hundreds of thousands of Stable Diffusion and Flux checkpoints, LoRAs, and embeddings alongside an on-site image generator. Founded in 2022 by Justin Maier and Maxfield Hulker, it had grown to nearly 3 million registered users and roughly 12 to 13 million monthly visitors by November 2023, when it raised $5.1 million in seed funding led by Andreessen Horowitz. [3] The platform is open-source under the Apache License 2.0, but it has been at the center of repeated controversy over non-consensual deepfakes and AI-generated child sexual abuse material, and in May 2025 Visa and Mastercard cut off card payments to the site. [5][7]
The name "Civitai" derives from the Latin word civitas, meaning "community," reflecting the platform's emphasis on collaborative development and open sharing of generative AI art resources. Civitai allows users to upload, download, review, and generate images with custom-trained models such as checkpoints, LoRAs, textual inversions (embeddings), hypernetworks, aesthetic gradients, and VAEs. The platform also provides an on-site image generator, a virtual currency system called Buzz, community bounties, creator monetization tools, and an image and video gallery, making it one of the largest AI model-sharing communities on the internet. [1]
The platform's codebase is publicly available on GitHub under the Apache License 2.0. Its tech stack includes Next.js for the frontend and backend, Prisma with PostgreSQL for database management, tRPC for the API layer, Mantine for the UI framework, and Cloudflare for storage. [15]
Civitai is used to discover, distribute, and run open diffusion models for text-to-image generation. Hobbyists and professional creators upload fine-tuned model variants so others can download them for local use or generate images directly in the browser, and the platform layers a creator economy on top: tipping, paid Early Access releases, bounties, and a revenue-sharing pool. In practice it serves three overlapping audiences: model trainers who publish checkpoints and LoRAs, prompt artists who browse and remix the resulting gallery, and developers who pull models through the public API into local tools such as AUTOMATIC1111 WebUI and ComfyUI.
Civitai launched in November 2022, shortly after Stability AI released the first version of Stable Diffusion. Justin Maier, a web developer with over 15 years of experience in the digital media industry, began experimenting with building AI models as a hobby and started sharing his work on Reddit, where a small community of enthusiasts gathered around the practice of fine-tuning open-source image generation models. Recognizing the need for a dedicated platform where creators could host and share their custom models, Maier teamed up with Maxfield Hulker to build Civitai. [1][18]
The timing proved fortunate. Stable Diffusion was the first high-quality open-source text-to-image model, and its permissive license allowed anyone to fine-tune it for specific styles, characters, or concepts. A wave of creators began training custom models and needed somewhere to share them. Civitai filled that gap, offering a centralized repository with model previews, sample images, version tracking, and community reviews. Describing the early growth, Maier said the platform "had become the go-to place for sharing these things" by January 2023. [3]
By January 2023, Civitai had reached 100,000 registered users. Growth accelerated throughout the year as the Stable Diffusion ecosystem matured, with the release of SDXL and a proliferation of LoRA fine-tuning techniques that lowered the barrier to creating custom models. By November 2023, the platform had nearly 3 million registered users, around 10,000 monthly active model creators, and roughly 7,000 new accounts being created each day; it ranked among the top 1,000 most-visited websites globally and was the seventh-largest AI site by traffic. [3]
| Milestone | Date | Figure |
|---|---|---|
| 100,000 registered users | January 2023 | 100,000 |
| Seed round closes | June 2023 | $5.1M at $20M valuation [3] |
| Registered users at funding announcement | November 2023 | ~3 million [3] |
| Monthly unique visitors | November 2023 | 12 to 13 million [3] |
| New accounts per day | November 2023 | ~7,000 [3] |
| Monthly visits | April 2024 | 23.2 million [7] |
During this period, the platform introduced several features beyond basic model hosting, including an on-site image generator, the Buzz virtual currency system, community bounties, and a creator compensation program.
In November 2023, Civitai announced it had raised $5.1 million in seed funding led by Andreessen Horowitz (a16z). The round, which had closed in June 2023, valued the company at $20 million. [2][3] Brian Kim, a partner at a16z, said: "Civitai is the prime example of a company that's already built an incredible, engaged community and all without spending a dime on marketing." [3]
The company said it would use the funds to develop advanced generative AI tools, expand educational resources, improve the on-site user experience, and build out monetization opportunities for AI creators. The founding team also outlined plans to complete a "v1" version of the platform by the end of 2023, including revamped user profiles, direct messaging, and improved image generation. [2]
The funding announcement drew criticism from some journalists and advocacy groups, who pointed to the presence of non-consensual intimate imagery (NCII) and deepfake models on the platform (see Controversies section below). [4]
As the generative AI landscape evolved, Civitai expanded beyond its original focus on Stable Diffusion models. The platform added support for Flux models (developed by Black Forest Labs), Hunyuan models, and other architectures. The on-site generator was updated to support these new model types, and the platform began supporting video content alongside images.
By April 2024, the site recorded 23.2 million monthly visits. [7] The platform also introduced features like Daily Challenges, the Project Odyssey AI filmmaking competition (with over $28,000 in cash and credit prizes), and expanded its creator monetization tools.
In April 2025, Civitai faced pressure from Mastercard and Visa over deepfake and NCII content on the platform. Alasdair Nicoll, Civitai's Community Engagement Manager, disclosed during a Twitch livestream that the payment processors had effectively issued an ultimatum, summarizing the message as "you have to do this or it's going to be the end." [5] Nicoll added: "These are not changes that we wanted to make. This boils down to new and impending legislation." [5] Civitai published its "Policy & Content Adjustments" on April 24, 2025 and implemented a series of changes in response (detailed below), but ultimately chose not to fully remove all NSFW and adult content. [20]
The accommodations were not enough. On May 23, 2025, Visa and Mastercard halted card payments to the platform entirely, cutting off the primary funding method for its Buzz currency. [6] Civitai pivoted to accepting cryptocurrency for Buzz purchases, supporting coins including USDC, USDT, Ethereum, and Dogecoin, and offered users the option to switch to annual membership plans before the card cutoff took effect. [6]
This crisis coincided with a broader regulatory shift. President Trump signed the TAKE IT DOWN Act into law on May 19, 2025, criminalizing the distribution of non-consensual intimate imagery, including AI-generated deepfakes. The law requires covered platforms to remove flagged content no later than 48 hours after notice, with enforcement overseen by the Federal Trade Commission. [6]
Civitai's core function is serving as a repository for generative AI models. Users can upload models along with sample images, descriptions, training details, and usage instructions. Each model page includes version history, download counts, review scores, and community comments. The platform supports filtering and searching by model type, base model architecture (SD 1.5, SDXL, Flux, and others), and content category.
| Model Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Checkpoint | A full base model file (available as .ckpt or .safetensors formats) that handles the core image generation process. Checkpoints define the overall style and capability of the image output. |
| LoRA | Low-Rank Adaptation files that act as specialized add-ons to a base model, adding specific styles, characters, or concepts through fine-tuning without modifying the full model weights. |
| Textual Inversion (Embedding) | Lightweight files placed in the embeddings folder that modify the meaning and weights of specific text tokens, allowing the model to associate new concepts with prompt terms. |
| Hypernetwork | An older fine-tuning approach, similar in purpose to LoRA but less commonly used. Most creators have moved to LoRA and LyCORIS for better results and easier training. |
| Aesthetic Gradient | A model component that influences the color palette and overall aesthetic tendencies of generated images. |
| VAE | Variational Auto-Encoder files that improve color richness and detail clarity in generated images, acting as a post-processing refinement layer. |
| Workflows | ComfyUI and other workflow files that define complete generation pipelines, including model selection, LoRA configuration, ControlNet setup, and parameter optimization. |
Civitai provides a web-based image generation tool that allows users to create images directly on the platform without needing local hardware or a powerful GPU. The generator runs on Civitai's servers and supports all models hosted on the platform, including the ability to stack multiple LoRAs and embeddings in a single generation. [12]
The generator supports multiple base model architectures, including SD 1.5, SDXL, and Flux. Users can adjust standard parameters like prompt text, negative prompts, sampling steps, CFG scale, and image dimensions. A "Draft Mode" option locks output to four images with reduced quality settings, allowing rapid, low-cost generations for testing ideas. [12]
Generation costs are paid in Buzz, the platform's virtual currency. Every registered user receives some free Buzz, and paid membership tiers provide larger monthly allowances.
Buzz is Civitai's internal virtual currency, used for image generation, LoRA training, tipping creators, posting bounties, purchasing profile cosmetics, and accessing Early Access content. The system uses three distinct Buzz types: [9]
| Buzz Type | How It Is Earned | Primary Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Yellow Buzz | Cryptocurrency purchases, tips received, bounty wins, creator compensation, contest rewards | NSFW image generation, Early Access resources, tipping creators, posting bounties, profile cosmetics, LoRA training |
| Blue Buzz | New account bonus (100 Buzz), community engagement, daily generator claims, ad impressions (0.25 Buzz per ad) | PG/PG-13 content generation, LoRA training. Cannot be traded between accounts. |
| Green Buzz | Direct credit/debit card purchases, tips, creator compensation on Civitai.green | SFW image generation on Civitai.green, tipping, bounties, LoRA training |
All three types of Buzz can be used for on-site image generation and LoRA training, but they differ in how they are acquired and which platform features they can access. [9]
The bounty system allows users to post requests for specific AI models, images, or other generative AI resources, attaching a Buzz reward for anyone who fulfills the request. The minimum cost to post a bounty is 500 Buzz, which is held in escrow by the platform until a winner is selected. Community members can submit entries to open bounties at no cost, and the bounty poster chooses the winning entry, which triggers the Buzz transfer. [10]
Bounties can be posted for a wide range of generative AI tasks, including training a LoRA of a specific character or style, creating a checkpoint merge, producing a set of images matching certain criteria, or developing a workflow for a particular generation pipeline. The bounty system has also been a focus of misuse research, because it lets users solicit content that base models were not trained to produce (see Controversies). [7]
Civitai offers several mechanisms for creators to earn income from their work on the platform.
Creator Compensation Pool. A shared earnings pool funded by a portion of Civitai's monthly revenue. Creators who contribute popular models and content can bank their Yellow Buzz, and the more Buzz they bank, the larger their share of the pool. Membership tier determines the maximum monthly banking cap.
Early Access. Creators can set a Buzz price for new models, requiring users to pay before downloading or generating images with the resource. A donation goal feature allows the community to collectively fund the model's release to free access. Creators receive 100% of the Buzz spent on their Early Access resources. Once creators accumulate at least $50 USD in earnings, they can withdraw funds.
Tips. Users can tip creators directly using Buzz on any model page, image post, or article.
Clubs and Creator Program. Originally launched as invitation-only "Clubs" (similar to Patreon-style memberships), this feature has evolved into the broader Creator Program. Creators can offer exclusive content to subscribers, with all transactions handled through the Buzz system.
Civitai offers four membership levels with increasing benefits: [8]
| Tier | Monthly Price | Key Benefits |
|---|---|---|
| Free | $0 | Basic access to model uploads, downloads, LoRA training, and image generation |
| Bronze | $10 | Monthly Buzz allowance, bonus Buzz on purchases, increased reward multipliers, prioritized support |
| Silver | $25 | Larger Buzz allowance, higher bonus multiplier, more concurrent generation jobs, increased Vault storage |
| Gold | $50 | Largest Buzz allowance, up to 300% reward multiplier, private LoRA training, animated supporter badges, exclusive Discord channels, beta feature access |
All features available on the Free tier remain accessible regardless of whether the user subscribes to a paid plan. [8]
Civitai Vault is a cloud-based storage feature for paid members, offering up to 500GB of storage space depending on the membership tier. Models saved to the Vault remain accessible even if the original creator removes them from the platform. The Vault includes search functionality, customizable filters, personal notes, and automatic update notifications when new model versions become available. Vault integrates with the Civitai Link desktop application for local file management. [13]
Civitai Link is a desktop application that connects a user's local Stable Diffusion installation (such as AUTOMATIC1111 WebUI or ComfyUI) to their Civitai account. Through a short six-character token, the app establishes a connection that allows users to manage, download, and organize models directly from the Civitai website into their local model folders. The feature is available to paid supporters as part of the Early Access program.
Civitai.green is a separate, safe-for-work (SFW) version of the platform that filters all content to ensure a PG experience. It operates its own economy using Green Buzz, with its own creator program and feature set. Accounts are shared between Civitai.com and Civitai.green, and SFW content posted on either platform appears on both. The SFW site was created in part to address concerns about the main platform's NSFW content and to provide a version of the service suitable for workplaces and younger audiences. [14]
Beyond model hosting, Civitai includes a range of social and community features:
Civitai provides a public REST API documented at developer.civitai.com. Developers can authenticate using API keys generated from account settings, passed either as a Bearer token in the Authorization header or as a query string parameter. The API supports model search, metadata retrieval, and model downloads (with redirect to pre-signed download links).
Third-party tools and extensions have been built around the API, including:
Yes. Civitai's codebase is open-source and hosted on GitHub at github.com/civitai/civitai under the Apache License 2.0. As of 2025, the repository has accumulated over 7,000 stars, 711 forks, and roughly 19,890 commits. [15] The on-site generation service and content moderation systems are operated by the company and are not part of the open-source release.
| Component | Technology |
|---|---|
| Language | TypeScript (88.9%), PLpgSQL (5.3%), JavaScript (3.5%), SCSS (1.3%) |
| Frontend/Backend | Next.js |
| API | tRPC |
| Database | Prisma + PostgreSQL |
| UI Framework | Mantine |
| Storage | Cloudflare |
| License | Apache License 2.0 |
The platform supports local development using either devcontainers or direct installation with Node.js 20+, Docker, and Make.
Civitai has faced repeated criticism for hosting models capable of generating non-consensual sexual images of real people. Investigative reports by 404 Media and MIT Technology Review documented the widespread availability of LoRA models trained on images of real individuals, some scraped from social media without consent. These models allow users to generate explicit images of specific people by combining portrait LoRAs with NSFW base models or prompts. [4][7]
Hany Farid, a digital forensics expert at UC Berkeley, told 404 Media that the threat had broadened. "This means that the threat has moved from anyone with a large digital footprint, to anyone with even a modest digital footprint," he said, adding that "now that these tools and content are being monetized, there is even more incentive to create and distribute them." [4]
A 2026 MIT Technology Review investigation, reporting on research by analysts at Stanford and Indiana University, examined deepfake requests posted to Civitai's bounty system between mid-2023 and the end of 2024. It found that 90% of those deepfake requests targeted women and that 86% of them sought LoRAs, with nearly 92% of deepfake bounties ultimately awarded; bounty payouts ranged from about $0.50 to $5 in Buzz. The report quoted Matthew DeVerna of Stanford's Cyber Policy Center, who said that Civitai "provide the infrastructure that facilitates these issues; they also explicitly teach their users how to utilize them." [7] Civitai banned all deepfake content after May 2025, though prior requests and winning submissions remained accessible. [7]
A separate peer-reviewed study presented at the 2024 ACM CIKM conference, which analyzed a large sample of Civitai metadata collected through December 2023, reported that 23.54% of models and 32.98% of images on the platform were deepfakes, and that 16.97% of models and 72.05% of images carried tags related to NSFW content. [21]
While Civitai's terms of service prohibit non-consensual sexual models of real people, enforcement has been criticized as inadequate. Models that technically comply with the letter of the rules (for example, by not being explicitly labeled with a real person's name) can still be combined with other resources to produce NCII.
The platform has also faced scrutiny over AI-generated child sexual abuse material (CSAM). Some model pages on the platform have displayed sexually suggestive depictions of what appeared to be minors. In response, Civitai joined Thorn's Safety by Design initiative alongside companies like OpenAI and Anthropic, committing to design principles aimed at preventing the creation and spread of AI-generated CSAM. [16]
Since joining the initiative, Civitai has reported the following enforcement actions: [16]
The platform has also partnered with Clavata AI to improve image moderation and implemented machine learning filters to detect potentially violative content at the generation stage. [16] A 2023 Stanford Internet Observatory investigation that prompted broader scrutiny of training data found CSAM in the LAION-5B dataset used to train Stable Diffusion, the base model underlying most Civitai checkpoints. [19]
In April 2025, Mastercard and Visa pressured Civitai to implement stricter content policies, citing legal liability related to deepfakes and AI-generated adult content hosted on the platform. Civitai implemented several policy changes in response: [5][20]
Despite these changes, Civitai chose not to eliminate NSFW content entirely. On May 23, 2025, Visa and Mastercard proceeded to halt card payments to the platform. [6] The shutdown of MrDeepfakes, then the world's largest deepfake pornography site, around the same time reflected a broader crackdown by payment processors and regulators on platforms associated with synthetic intimate imagery. [6]
The $5.1 million seed investment from Andreessen Horowitz in November 2023 drew criticism from journalists and advocacy organizations. 404 Media, Boing Boing, and other outlets highlighted the tension between a16z's investment and the platform's role in hosting non-consensual deepfake models. Critics argued that venture capital funding legitimized a platform that profited from NCII, while supporters contended that the investment would help the company improve its moderation practices. [4]
Civitai occupies a specific niche as a model-sharing community with built-in generation capabilities. Compared with Hugging Face, which is the general-purpose hub for AI models, Civitai is more visual and art-community oriented and offers a no-code, on-site generator, whereas Hugging Face emphasizes developer tooling, version control, and documentation. Its closest competitors include:
| Platform | Focus | Key Difference from Civitai |
|---|---|---|
| Hugging Face | General-purpose AI model hosting | More developer-focused, stronger version control and documentation standards, but less visual and art-community oriented. No built-in generation interface for casual users. |
| Tensor Art | AI art generation and model sharing | Hosts entire generation workflows including ComfyUI-style pipelines. Closest to Civitai's experience in terms of social features and built-in generation. |
| SeaArt AI | AI image generation | Focuses on generation rather than model hosting. Clearer policies on paid models. |
| PixAI Art | AI art community | Generation-focused with social features. Smaller model library than Civitai. |
According to SimilarWeb traffic data from early 2026, Civitai's global ranking stood at approximately 1,796, with web traffic continuing to grow modestly.
For creators publishing free LoRAs, a common strategy is to publish on Civitai for community visibility while mirroring models on Hugging Face for long-term archival and academic credibility. After Civitai tightened its rules in 2025, reporting indicated that roughly 5,000 models previously removed from Civitai had been re-uploaded to Hugging Face. [7]
| Detail | Value |
|---|---|
| Founded | 2022 |
| Founders | Justin Maier (CEO), Maxfield Hulker (COO) |
| Headquarters | Boise, Idaho, United States |
| Funding | $5.1 million seed round (June 2023, announced November 2023) [3] |
| Lead Investor | Andreessen Horowitz (a16z) |
| Valuation | $20 million (at seed round) [3] |
| Website | civitai.com |
| GitHub | github.com/civitai/civitai |
| License | Apache License 2.0 |