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The DOBOT Atom Max is a full-size humanoid robot developed by DOBOT Robotics (formally Shenzhen Yuejiang Technology Co., Ltd.), a Chinese robotics company headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong. The Atom Max is the flagship variant within DOBOT's Atom humanoid robot family and is designed for advanced robotics research, embodied AI development, and industrial automation applications. Standing approximately 165 cm tall and weighing around 62 kg, the Atom Max features 41 degrees of freedom (including dual 6-DOF dexterous hands), a 1,500 TOPS edge computing module, VR/MR teleoperation with markerless tracking, and sub-millimeter positioning precision. It represents a significant strategic expansion for DOBOT, a company that built its reputation on desktop collaborative robot arms for education and light industry before entering the humanoid robotics market in 2025.
DOBOT Robotics was co-founded by Liu Peichao and Lang Xulin in June 2015 in Shenzhen, China. The company's origins trace to a highly successful Kickstarter campaign launched in October 2015 for a desktop robotic arm, which raised over $600,000 against an initial goal of just $36,000. This early success attracted a $3 million funding round in April 2016, positioning DOBOT as one of China's most promising robotics startups at the time.
In August 2016, DOBOT released the Magician, described as the world's first desktop-grade, high-precision, multifunctional robotic arm. The Magician could perform precision writing, laser engraving, and 3D printing. A calligraphy demonstration by the Magician was featured on the CCTV New Year's Gala broadcast in 2017, bringing the company significant public visibility in China. The Magician was subsequently awarded a CES 2018 Innovation Award in November 2017.
DOBOT expanded its product portfolio steadily over the following years. In November 2016, the company launched the M1, described as the world's first SCARA collaborative robot. In December 2020, DOBOT introduced the CR3, CR10, and CR16 collaborative robots, giving it a product range spanning payloads from 0.5 kg to 16 kg, a breadth the company claimed was unique in the collaborative robot industry at that time. As of 2026, DOBOT offers eight main product lines: the CRA, CRAS, CR, CRS, MG400, M1 Pro, Nova, and Magician series, encompassing more than a dozen collaborative robot models.
The company's educational robotics business has been a defining feature of its identity. The Magician series became widely used in K-12 schools, universities, and vocational training programs for teaching robotics, artificial intelligence, and smart manufacturing concepts. In 2023, DOBOT launched the Magician E6, an industrial-grade desktop 6-axis collaborative robot with a 162 mm x 120 mm footprint (smaller than half a sheet of A4 paper), specifically designed for classroom deployment. The company's emphasis on accessible, well-documented products with graphical programming interfaces and drag-to-teach functionality has informed its approach across product lines, including its humanoid robots.
By the end of 2024, DOBOT had shipped over 80,000 collaborative robots to customers in more than 80 countries and regions. The company ranks first among collaborative robot companies in China and second globally by market share (approximately 13%). DOBOT holds nearly 1,000 patents and has developed more than 90% of its robot components in-house.
On December 23, 2024, DOBOT held its initial public offering on the Main Board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (Stock Code: 2432.HK), raising HK$681 million (approximately US$87.6 million). The IPO made DOBOT the first Chinese collaborative robot manufacturer to achieve a public listing on the HKEX. In fiscal year 2023, the company reported revenue of CN¥286.75 million, though it recorded a net loss of CN¥103.28 million as it invested heavily in R&D, including its humanoid robot program.
DOBOT unveiled the Atom, its first bipedal humanoid robot, in March 2025. The announcement coincided with DOBOT's entry into NVIDIA's Physics AI global partner ecosystem. The Atom was positioned as the world's first full-sized humanoid robot combining dexterous manipulation with straight-knee walking, a claim reflecting the company's emphasis on precision manipulation (inherited from its collaborative robot expertise) combined with energy-efficient locomotion.
The standard Atom was priced at approximately $27,500 (199,000 yuan), making it one of the more affordable full-size humanoid platforms on the market. DOBOT began global deliveries at a launch event in Nagoya, Japan, on June 27, 2025, in partnership with Japanese system integrator ASKA Corporation. The company subsequently released the Atom Max as the premium flagship variant, along with the Atom Trainer for AI training and the Atom D for data collection, forming a complete product family targeting different segments of the embodied AI and industrial automation markets.
By February 2026, DOBOT had initiated mass production and delivery of its third batch of Atom humanoid robots, with units deployed to industrial sites, commercial venues (including a Shenzhen cinema operating autonomously), and research laboratories. In March 2026, one of the first Atom units deployed in Europe arrived at the RoboAI laboratory in Finland's Satakunta region as part of the EU-funded RoboFleet project.
The Atom Max stands approximately 1,650 mm (165 cm) tall and weighs around 62 kg without dexterous hands or jaw attachments. Each arm spans 600 mm (without the dexterous hand or gripper) and weighs approximately 6.5 kg. The robot's proportions are designed to match a human-scale workspace, allowing it to operate at standard workstation heights ranging from 700 to 1,000 mm.
The Atom Max offers 41 total degrees of freedom, distributed across the following body segments:
| Body segment | Degrees of freedom |
|---|---|
| Head | 2 DOF |
| Single arm (without hand/gripper) | 7 DOF x 2 = 14 DOF |
| Waist | 1 DOF |
| Single leg | 6 DOF x 2 = 12 DOF |
| Dexterous hands | 6 DOF x 2 = 12 DOF |
| Total (with hands) | 41 DOF |
| Total (without hands) | 29 DOF |
The 7-DOF arm configuration provides a 1:1 anthropomorphic structure relative to the human arm, enabling the robot to replicate the full range of human upper-body manipulation tasks. Each dexterous hand features five fingers with 6 degrees of freedom, allowing grasping, pinching, and fine manipulation of objects.
One of the Atom Max's most distinctive specifications is its single-arm repetitive positioning accuracy of plus or minus 0.05 mm. This sub-millimeter precision, directly inherited from DOBOT's decade of experience building precision collaborative robot arms, enables tasks that most humanoid robots cannot perform reliably, including micro-component assembly, electronic soldering, precision calibration, and delicate laboratory handling. During demonstrations, DOBOT has shown the Atom picking up cherries by their stems without damaging the fruit, assembling chocolate gift boxes, and handling push pins.
Each arm supports a maximum end-effector speed of 1.5 m/s and a single-arm payload capacity of 3.5 kg.
| Category | Specification | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Physical | Height | ~1,650 mm (165 cm) |
| Physical | Weight (without hands) | ~62 kg |
| Physical | Single arm span | 600 mm |
| Physical | Single arm weight | ~6.5 kg |
| Mobility | Total degrees of freedom | 41 (29 without hands) |
| Mobility | DOF per arm | 7 |
| Mobility | DOF per hand | 6 |
| Mobility | DOF per leg | 6 |
| Mobility | Head DOF | 2 |
| Mobility | Waist DOF | 1 |
| Mobility | Max walking speed | 1.5 m/s (5.4 km/h) |
| Manipulation | Single arm payload | 3.5 kg |
| Manipulation | Max arm end-effector speed | 1.5 m/s |
| Manipulation | Repetitive positioning accuracy | ±0.05 mm |
| Manipulation | Fingers per hand | 5 |
| Computing | Base computing module | Intel Core i5 |
| Computing | AI computing module (optional) | Intel Core i9 (24 cores, 32 threads) + 16 GB GDDR6 GPU |
| Computing | AI processing power | 1,500 TOPS (edge); 41.15 TFLOPS FP32 (GPU) |
| Sensors | Head cameras | 1x RGB-D camera + 1x Full HD binocular camera |
| Sensors | Wrist cameras | 2x RGB-D cameras |
| Sensors | Waist cameras | 2x RGB-D cameras |
| Sensors | LiDAR | 1x 3D LiDAR (head-mounted) |
| Sensors | Audio | 1x 360-degree microphone + 2x neodymium speakers |
| Sensors | Depth sensor model | Intel RealSense D455 |
| Sensors | Vision frame rate | 60 FPS Full HD |
| Power | Battery life | ~2 hours |
| Power | Charging time | ~1 hour |
| Software | SDK support | Yes |
| Software | Joint actuators | Hollow alignment design |
| Connectivity | Interfaces | Ethernet, USB, Wi-Fi |
The Neuro-Driven Dexterity System (NDS) controls the Atom Max's 28 upper-body degrees of freedom through a Transformer-based neural architecture. Drawing inspiration from the co-evolution of the human brain and hand, NDS integrates binocular RGB vision with servo-level vibration suppression and 200 Hz high-frequency control loops. This combination enables smooth, human-like fine motor skills for tasks such as tool use, multi-specification component handling, and precision assembly.
The NDS architecture processes visual input from the robot's binocular cameras and depth sensors, generates motor commands through the Transformer model, and executes them with vibration compensation at the servo level. The 200 Hz control frequency is significantly faster than many competing humanoid platforms, enabling the Atom Max to perform tasks requiring steady, jitter-free hand movements.
The Anthropomorphic Walking System (AWS) governs the Atom Max's bipedal locomotion. Unlike many humanoid robots that walk with permanently bent knees (which consumes significant energy to maintain the crouched posture), the Atom series uses a straight-knee walking gait that mimics natural human biomechanics. DOBOT claims this approach reduces energy consumption by 42% compared to traditional bent-knee walking, enhancing battery endurance during continuous operation.
The AWS generates gait patterns using deep imitation learning and reinforcement learning trained on analysis of thousands of recorded human walking motions. The resulting locomotion is designed to be stable and natural-looking, with the robot capable of navigating narrow industrial spaces and adapting to varying workstation heights. The maximum walking speed is 1.5 m/s (5.4 km/h).
The Robot Operator Model-1 (ROM-1) is DOBOT's proprietary foundation model for robotic task execution. ROM-1 contains 100 million parameters and operates at 24 Hz end-to-end control frequency, meaning it processes sensory input and generates motor commands 24 times per second in a continuous perception-decision-execution loop.
ROM-1 combines base models with vertical industry-specific models, trained through a combination of imitation learning and reinforcement learning. The system can autonomously decompose complex tasks into subtasks and make real-time decisions in unstructured environments. DOBOT claims ROM-1 delivers 7.7 times the computational power of industry-standard robotic control setups through its edge computing architecture.
In February 2026, reports indicated that DOBOT had also developed DOBOT-VLA, a vision-language-action model that extends the Atom's capabilities beyond preprogrammed tasks. The VLA model enables the robot to interpret natural language voice commands and react to uncertainties in real-world environments. During demonstrations at the First Embodied Intelligence Robot Sports Games in Wuxi, China (April 2025), the Atom performed tasks including assembling gift boxes, stacking blocks, handing over beverages, shaking hands, and offering flowers, all executed through natural language voice commands.
The Atom Max supports virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR) teleoperation with markerless motion tracking. This system allows human operators to control the robot remotely through VR or MR headsets, with the robot replicating the operator's upper-body movements in real time. The teleoperation system offers two control modes:
DOBOT's training workflow allows the robot to transition from VR teleoperation-based demonstrations to autonomous execution in approximately two hours, using the collected demonstration data to train task-specific policies through the embodied AI toolchain.
The Atom Max's base configuration includes an Intel Core i5 computing module. An optional upgrade provides an Intel Core i9 processor (24 cores, 32 threads) paired with a dedicated GPU featuring 16 GB of 256-bit GDDR6 memory, delivering 41.15 TFLOPS of FP32 computing power and 1,500 TOPS of AI inference performance.
This edge computing capability enables on-device neural network inference without reliance on cloud connectivity, which is important for industrial applications requiring low latency and data security. The 1,500 TOPS figure places the Atom Max among the more computationally powerful humanoid robots available, supporting real-time perception, decision-making, and multi-robot coordination workloads.
The Atom Max carries an extensive array of sensors distributed across its body for 360-degree environmental awareness:
| Location | Sensor | Count | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Head | RGB-D camera | 1 | Depth perception and environment mapping |
| Head | Full HD binocular camera | 1 | Stereo vision with human-eye baseline spacing |
| Head | 3D LiDAR | 1 | Long-range 360-degree spatial mapping |
| Head | 360-degree microphone | 1 | Voice command reception and sound localization |
| Head | Neodymium speakers | 2 | Audio output for human interaction |
| Wrists | RGB-D cameras | 2 | Close-range depth sensing for manipulation |
| Waist | RGB-D cameras | 2 | Obstacle detection and navigation |
The head-mounted depth camera uses an Intel RealSense D455 with a 6-meter effective range. The binocular camera operates at 60 frames per second at Full HD resolution, with lens spacing calibrated to match human eye baseline distance. This spacing is designed to minimize motion sickness when the camera feed is streamed to a VR headset during teleoperation.
The Atom Max sits at the top of a four-variant product family, each targeting different use cases and price points.
| Variant | DOF | Height | Key features | Target use | Approx. price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DOBOT Atom | 41 | 153 cm | Standard industrial model; straight-knee walking; NDS; ROM-1 | Factory automation, service robotics | ~$27,500 |
| DOBOT Atom Max | 41 | 165 cm | Full sensor suite; 1,500 TOPS AI; VR/MR teleoperation; 3D LiDAR | Research, advanced industrial R&D | ~$129,000 |
| DOBOT Atom Trainer | 29 | 165 cm | Optional dexterous hands or grippers; embodied AI training tools (Lite) | AI training, education, research | ~$75,000 |
| DOBOT Atom D | 16 | 65 cm | Desktop-height data collection; 7-DOF dual arms; 2-DOF head; no legs | Data collection, algorithm development | ~$36,500 |
The standard Atom is the mass-production model, priced for industrial deployment at scale. The Atom Max adds the full premium sensor suite, the 1,500 TOPS AI computing upgrade, VR/MR teleoperation hardware, and 3D LiDAR, targeting research institutions and industrial R&D laboratories. The Atom Trainer occupies a middle position, sharing the Atom Max's physical frame but offering a lighter software and sensor package optimized for AI training workflows. The Atom D is a legless, desktop-mounted upper-body platform designed specifically for large-scale robotic data collection, priced as the most affordable entry point into the ecosystem.
All variants in the family share the same 7-DOF arm design with plus or minus 0.05 mm repetitive positioning accuracy, the same 600 mm arm span, and the same 3.5 kg single-arm payload capacity. This commonality means that manipulation skills learned on the Atom D data collection platform can transfer directly to the full-body Atom or Atom Max.
DOBOT provides an SDK with development documentation for programming the Atom Max. The robot runs on a Linux-based operating system and supports standard robotics development workflows. Included accessories with the Atom Max comprise a battery, charger, user manual, development document set, and remote controller.
The Atom Max supports an optional Embodied AI Set that includes:
The Embodied AI Data Toolchain enables researchers to collect demonstration data through teleoperation, annotate it with task labels, and train end-to-end neural policies. DOBOT's stated goal is to provide a unified training platform integrating hardware, software, and algorithms that supports "perception-decision-execution" workflows.
Beyond the base unit, DOBOT offers several optional accessories for the Atom Max:
DOBOT positions the Atom Max for industrial tasks requiring high precision and adaptability. Target applications include automotive component assembly, electronic assembly and soldering, machine tending, quality inspection, instrument calibration, and material handling on production lines. The robot's ability to swap end-effectors (between dexterous hands, grippers, and specialized tools) and support multi-robot coordination makes it suitable for flexible manufacturing environments with non-fixed equipment layouts and multi-specification products.
The Atom Max's comprehensive sensor suite, open development tools, and well-documented interfaces make it a research platform for universities and industrial R&D laboratories. The company's decade of experience serving the education market influences its approach to documentation and accessibility. Research applications include embodied AI development, reinforcement learning for manipulation, bipedal locomotion research, human-robot collaboration studies, and sim-to-real transfer experiments.
In March 2026, the RoboAI laboratory in Satakunta, Finland, received one of the first Atom robots deployed in Europe as part of the EU-funded RoboFleet project. The laboratory plans to use the robot for research in autonomous robot operation, human-robot collaboration, safe robotics development, and industrial and healthcare solution prototyping.
DOBOT has demonstrated the Atom platform in service scenarios including multi-machine beverage preparation in coffee shops, automated pharmaceutical retrieval in drugstores, and autonomous operation at a Shenzhen cinema. The company envisions a "Super Factory" model integrating humanoid, wheeled, and quadruped robots to deliver flexible automation solutions across industrial and commercial environments.
The Atom Max's VR/MR teleoperation capability enables remote operation for hazardous environments, remote expert assistance in manufacturing, and data collection for training autonomous behaviors. The dual control modes (full-body and segmented) allow operators to choose the appropriate level of control granularity for each task.
The Atom Max enters a rapidly growing market for humanoid robots, particularly among Chinese manufacturers. The following table compares the Atom Max with other prominent full-size humanoid platforms.
| Feature | DOBOT Atom Max | Unitree H1 | UBTECH Walker S | Fourier GR-2 | Agility Digit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Height | 165 cm | 180 cm | 170 cm | 175 cm | 175 cm |
| Weight | ~62 kg | 47 kg | 77 kg | 63 kg | 65 kg |
| Total DOF | 41 | 19 | 41 | 53 | 16+ |
| Max speed | 1.5 m/s | 3.3 m/s | 1.2 m/s | 1.5 m/s | 1.5 m/s |
| Arm payload | 3.5 kg | ~30 kg | 5 kg | 3 kg | 16 kg |
| Positioning accuracy | ±0.05 mm | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Walking style | Straight-knee | Bent-knee | Bent-knee | Bent-knee | Digitigrade |
| AI compute | 1,500 TOPS | Jetson Orin NX (optional) | N/A | 100+ TOPS | N/A |
| Price | ~$129,000 | ~$90,000 | N/A | ~$100,000 | Lease only |
| Primary focus | Precision manipulation + research | Speed + locomotion research | Service + patrol | General research | Warehouse logistics |
The Atom Max's most distinctive competitive advantage is its sub-millimeter positioning accuracy (plus or minus 0.05 mm), which is an order of magnitude better than what most humanoid robots achieve. This precision reflects DOBOT's collaborative robot heritage. However, the Atom Max's maximum walking speed of 1.5 m/s is moderate compared to speed-focused platforms like the Unitree H1, which holds the Guinness World Record at 3.3 m/s. The Atom Max's arm payload of 3.5 kg is also relatively modest, positioning it for precision tasks rather than heavy lifting.
DOBOT's position as the world's second-largest collaborative robot manufacturer and its extensive global distribution network (80+ countries) provide advantages in after-sales support and spare parts availability that pure humanoid-robot startups may struggle to match. The company describes itself as "the only embodied-intelligence enterprise born directly from the manufacturing floor," distinguishing itself from competitors that entered robotics through research labs or consumer electronics.
The Atom Max has several acknowledged limitations:
DOBOT began mass manufacturing of the Atom series by mid-2025 to fulfill initial orders. The first batch was delivered at the Nagoya, Japan, launch event on June 27, 2025, in partnership with ASKA Corporation. By February 4, 2026, the company had initiated its third batch of mass production and delivery for the Atom product family, signaling acceleration toward large-scale factory deployment planned throughout 2026.
Quality control for the Atom series includes joint modules undergoing approximately 10,000 testing cycles and standardized stress tests for dynamic balance applied before shipment. The Atom Max is available through DOBOT's global distribution network with a listed delivery time of approximately three weeks.
DOBOT positions the Atom humanoid program within a broader "Super Factory" vision that combines humanoid robots with its established collaborative robot arms, mobile platforms, and quadrupedal robots to deliver comprehensive flexible automation solutions for smart industrial facilities, commercial spaces, and public venues.