GLM
GLM, short for General Language Model, is both a pretraining framework for language understanding and generation and the name of a model family developed by researchers associated with Tsinghua University and…
AI Models
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Showing 121-180 of 408 articles
GLM-4
GLM-4 is the fourth-generation foundation model family from Zhipu AI, a Beijing company spun out of the Knowledge Engineering Group at Tsinghua University and now trading internationally as Z.ai.
GLM-4.5
GLM-4.5 is an open-weights large language model released by Zhipu AI (operating internationally as Z.ai) on July 28, 2025, built on a 355-billion-parameter Mixture of Experts architecture that activates 32…
GLM-4.6
GLM-4.6 is a flagship open-weight large language model released by Zhipu AI under its international brand Z.ai on September 30, 2025, built on a sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture with roughly 357…
GLM-5
GLM-5 is an open-weight flagship large language model released by the Chinese AI company Zhipu AI, under its international brand Z.ai, on February 11, 2026.
GLM-5.3
GLM-5.3 is a text-input and text-output large language model from Z.ai, available through hosted services and downloadable checkpoints.
GLM-5.3-Flash
GLM-5.3-Flash is an open-weight, natively multimodal mixture-of-experts large language model released by Z.ai on August 26, 2026.
GPT
GPT, short for Generative Pre-trained Transformer, is the name of a model family developed by OpenAI.
GPT Image 1
GPT Image 1 (API identifier gpt-image-1) is a natively multimodal image generation model developed by OpenAI, integrated into ChatGPT on March 25, 2025, and released as a standalone API on April 23, 2025.
GPT Image 2
GPT Image 2 (API model gpt-image-2, marketed inside the product as ChatGPT Images 2.0) is an image-generation model released by OpenAI on April 21, 2026.
GPT Image 2.5
GPT Image 2.5 is a family of image generation and editing models released by OpenAI on September 8, 2026.
GPT Model Timeline (GPT-1 to GPT-5.x)
OpenAI's GPT lineage runs from GPT-1 (June 2018, 117 million parameters, a 512-token context window) to the GPT-5.6 "Sol, Terra, Luna" family that entered limited preview on June 26, 2026.
GPT-3.5
GPT-3.5 is a family of large language models developed by OpenAI. OpenAI used the name for the series from which it fine-tuned the model behind the original ChatGPT research preview, launched on November 30
GPT-4 Turbo
GPT-4 Turbo is a family of large language models released by OpenAI as a faster, cheaper, and longer-context variant of GPT-4.
GPT-4.1
GPT-4.1 is a family of multimodal large language models developed by OpenAI and announced on April 14, 2025, with a 1 million token context window and a SWE-bench Verified coding score of 54.6%
GPT-4.1 mini
GPT-4.1 mini is a large language model developed by OpenAI and released on April 14, 2025 as the mid-size member of the GPT-4.1 family.
GPT-4.5
GPT-4.5 is a large language model developed by OpenAI and released as a research preview on February 27, 2025, then deprecated and removed from the API on July 14, 2025, less than five months later.
GPT-4o
GPT-4o (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 Omni) is a natively multimodal large language model developed by OpenAI and announced on May 13, 2024 at the company's "Spring Update" livestream.
GPT-5
GPT-5 is a family of proprietary large language models released by OpenAI on August 7, 2025.
GPT-5.1
GPT-5.1 is a family of large language models developed by OpenAI and released on November 12, 2025.
GPT-5.2
GPT-5.2 is a large language model developed by OpenAI and released on December 11, 2025. It is the second major update to the GPT-5 series, succeeding GPT-5.1, which had been released about a month earlier.
GPT-5.3
GPT-5.3 is a family of large language models released by OpenAI in February and March 2026 as part of the GPT-5 lineage.
GPT-5.4
GPT-5.4 is a large language model developed by OpenAI and released on March 5, 2026.
GPT-5.5
GPT-5.5 is a large language model developed by OpenAI and released on April 23, 2026.
GPT-5.6
GPT-5.6 is a family of proprietary multimodal large language models developed by OpenAI. The family entered a limited preview on June 26, 2026, and became generally available on July 9, 2026.
GPT-6 Astra
GPT-6 Astra is an OpenAI model that the company began rolling out on September 3, 2026, describing it as "the world's most intelligent and aligned model" and as the successor to the GPT-5.6 family.
GPT-Live
GPT-Live is a family of full-duplex voice models developed by OpenAI for continuous spoken interaction.
GPT-Rosalind
GPT-Rosalind is a frontier reasoning model purpose-built for the life sciences, developed by OpenAI and first released in mid-April 2026.
GPT-Transcribe
GPT-Transcribe (gpt-transcribe) and GPT-Live-Transcribe (gpt-live-transcribe) are two closed-weight speech-to-text models that OpenAI added to its API on July 28, 2026.
Gato (DeepMind)
Gato is a single generalist AI agent built by DeepMind and described in the May 2022 paper "A Generalist Agent" (arXiv:2205.06175).
Gemini 2.5 Flash
Gemini 2.5 Flash is a fast, cost-optimized multimodal large language model developed by Google DeepMind and the mid-tier member of the Gemini 2.5 family.
Gemini 2.5 Pro
Gemini 2.5 Pro is the flagship reasoning large language model of Google's Gemini 2.5 family, developed by Google DeepMind and first released as an experimental preview on March 25, 2025
Gemini 3
Gemini 3 is the third major generation of the Gemini family of multimodal models from Google DeepMind, launched on November 18, 2025 with Gemini 3 Pro as the flagship and described by Google as "our most…
Gemini 3 Flash
Gemini 3 Flash is a multimodal large language model released by Google on December 17, 2025 as the fast, lower-cost sibling to Gemini 3 Pro in the Gemini 3 family.
Gemini 3 Pro
Gemini 3 Pro is the flagship preview model in Google DeepMind's Gemini 3 family of multimodal models, launched on November 18, 2025 as what Google called "our most intelligent model." It became the first…
Gemini 3.5 Transcribe
Gemini 3.5 Transcribe is a family of speech recognition models developed by Google DeepMind and introduced by Google on August 26, 2026.
Gemini 3.6 Flash
Gemini 3.6 Flash is a proprietary, multimodal large language model released by Google on July 21, 2026. It belongs to the Gemini 3 series and uses the stable API identifier gemini-3.6-flash.
Gemini 3.7 Flash
Gemini 3.7 Flash is a proprietary, multimodal large language model released by Google on August 13, 2026.
Gemini 3.8 Flash
Gemini 3.8 Flash is a multimodal model in Google's Gemini family. Google DeepMind released it on September 2, 2026 as a generally available model for software engineering, tool-using agents, and knowledge work.
Gemini 3.8 Flash Cyber
Gemini 3.8 Flash Cyber is a restricted-access model for AI in cybersecurity in Google's Gemini family. Google DeepMind announced it on September 2, 2026 alongside the generally available Gemini 3.8 Flash.
Gemini Omni
Gemini Omni is a family of proprietary multimodal AI models from Google DeepMind for generating and editing media.
Gemini Robotics
Gemini Robotics is a family of robot foundation models developed by Google DeepMind that extends the Gemini multimodal model line into the physical world.
Gemini Robotics 2
Gemini Robotics 2 is a family of three robotics models announced by Google DeepMind on July 30, 2026: a vision-language-action (VLA) model of the same name, an embodied reasoning model called Gemini Robotics…
Gemini vs ChatGPT
As of July 28, 2026, neither Gemini nor ChatGPT is the better choice for every user. They are products whose available models, tools, limits, and integrations differ by plan.
Gemma 2
Gemma 2 is a family of open-weights large language models developed by Google DeepMind and released starting June 27, 2024, in three parameter sizes: 2 billion (2B), 9 billion (9B), and 27 billion (27B).
Gemma 3
Gemma 3 is a family of open-weight large language models developed by Google DeepMind and released on March 12, 2025.
Generalist GEN-1
GEN-1 is an embodied robot foundation model and control system developed by Generalist AI.
Generalist GEN-1.5
Generalist GEN-1.5 is a proprietary robot foundation model announced by Generalist AI on August 19, 2026.
Genie 3
Genie 3 is a general-purpose foundation world model developed by Google DeepMind and announced on August 5, 2025, that generates interactive, navigable 3D environments from a single text prompt and runs in…
GlucoFM
GlucoFM is a self-supervised foundation model for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data developed by Google Research.
GoogLeNet (Inception v1)
GoogLeNet, also known as Inception v1, is a 22-layer deep convolutional neural network introduced by Google researchers in 2014 that won the classification task of the ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition…
Gopher (language model)
Gopher is a 280-billion-parameter autoregressive transformer language model developed by DeepMind and described in a trio of companion papers released on December 8, 2021.
Graph Machine Learning Models
Graph machine learning models are neural networks designed to operate on data structured as graphs, where the input is a set of nodes connected by edges rather than a grid like an image or a sequence like text.
Grok 3
Grok 3 is a family of large language models released by xAI, Elon Musk's artificial intelligence company, on February 17, 2025.
Grok 4
Grok 4 is a large language model developed by xAI and released on July 9, 2025. It is the fourth major generation of the Grok model family and was positioned as xAI's most capable model to date at its release.
Grok 4.1
Grok 4.1 is a large language model developed by xAI, released on November 17, 2025.
Grok 4.1 Fast
Grok 4.1 Fast is a fast, low-cost, tool-calling large language model released by xAI on November 19, 2025, alongside the Agent Tools API.
Grok 4.3
Grok 4.3 is a frontier large language model developed by xAI, released through the company's API on April 30, 2026 and rolled out to general availability the following week.
Grok 4.5
Grok 4.5 is a proprietary multimodal large language model and reasoning model in the Grok family. It was developed by SpaceXAI in collaboration with Cursor and released through the xAI API on July 8, 2026.
Grok 4.6
Grok 4.6 is a proprietary large language model and reasoning model in the Grok family, developed by SpaceXAI and released jointly with Cursor through the xAI API on August 12, 2026.