Thursday, July 23, 2026
- GoogLeNet (Inception v1)v3GoogLeNet, also known as Inception v1, is a 22-layer deep convolutional neural network introduced by Google researchers in 2014 that won the classification task of the ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition…
- FAISSv4FAISS (Facebook AI Similarity Search) is an open-source library from Meta for efficient similarity search and clustering of dense vectors
- XLA (Accelerated Linear Algebra)v5XLA (Accelerated Linear Algebra) is Google's open-source machine learning compiler that takes computational graphs from frameworks such as TensorFlow, JAX, and PyTorch and transforms them into highly optimized…
- Ridge Regressionv5Ridge regression is a method of estimating the coefficients of a linear regression model by adding a penalty proportional to the sum of squared coefficients (the squared L2 norm) to the ordinary least squares…
- Lasso Regressionv5Lasso regression (an acronym for Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) is a linear regression method, introduced by Robert Tibshirani in 1996, that adds an L1 penalty to the ordinary least squares…
- Tensor Parallelismv4Tensor parallelism (TP) is a distributed training technique that splits the individual weight matrices of a neural network layer across multiple devices, so that each device computes a partial result that is…
- K-Humanoid Alliancev3The K-Humanoid Alliance (Korean: 케이-휴머노이드 연합) is a South Korean industry-academia-government consortium for developing humanoid robots and the artificial intelligence that controls them.
- Leju Roboticsv4Leju Robotics (Chinese: 乐聚机器人; pinyin: Lèjù Jīqìrén), legally registered as Leju Intelligence (Shenzhen) Co.
- TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency)v5TF-IDF (term frequency-inverse document frequency) is a numerical statistic that measures how important a word is to a single document within a larger collection or corpus, computed as the product of two…
- Hidden Markov Modelv5A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a statistical model of sequential data in which an unobserved (hidden) sequence of discrete states follows a Markov process
- Pipeline Parallelismv5Pipeline parallelism (often abbreviated PP) is a distributed training strategy that splits the layers of a deep neural network across multiple accelerator devices so that each device holds one contiguous block…
- Facial Recognitionv4Facial recognition is a biometric technology that identifies or verifies the identity of an individual by analyzing patterns in a digital image or video frame of the person's face.
- BM25 (Okapi BM25)v5BM25, also called Okapi BM25 or Best Match 25, is a probabilistic ranking function used by search engines and information retrieval systems to estimate how relevant a document is to a given query.
- Weight Decayv5Weight decay is a regularization technique used in training neural networks that shrinks every parameter toward zero by a small fraction on each update step
- CIFAR-10v3CIFAR-10 is a labeled dataset of 60,000 small color images sorted into 10 mutually exclusive object categories, with 6,000 images per class, used as a standard benchmark for image classification.
- Dynamic Programmingv5Dynamic programming (DP) is an algorithmic technique that solves a complex problem by breaking it into simpler overlapping subproblems, solving each subproblem once, and storing the result so it is never…
- SuperGLUEv4SuperGLUE is a public benchmark for evaluating general-purpose English language understanding in machine learning systems, consisting of eight challenging reasoning and reading-comprehension tasks, two…
- Bayesian inferencev4Bayesian inference is a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to update the probability of a hypothesis as new evidence or data becomes available.
- Kukav5Kuka AG is a German manufacturer of industrial robots and factory automation systems based in Augsburg, Bavaria, and one of the four dominant industrial-robot makers worldwide alongside FANUC, ABB, and Yaskawa.
- KL Divergence (Kullback-Leibler Divergence)v4Kullback-Leibler divergence, often abbreviated KL divergence and written $$D_{\mathrm{KL}}(P \parallel Q)$$
- Automatic Differentiationv4Automatic differentiation (abbreviated AD, also called algorithmic differentiation, autodiff, or autograd) is a family of techniques for computing exact derivatives of a function specified by a computer program
- SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique)v3SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique) is a data preprocessing algorithm that fixes class imbalance by creating new synthetic minority-class examples through interpolation between existing minority…
- SUPCON Technologyv3SUPCON Technology Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 中控技术; pinyin: Zhōngkòng Jìshù), formally Zhejiang Supcon Technology Co., Ltd., is a Chinese industrial automation and industrial artificial intelligence company…
- Gaussian Mixture Modelv4A Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is a probabilistic model that represents a dataset as a weighted mixture of a finite number of Gaussian distributions with unknown parameters
- Feature Selectionv4Feature selection is the process of choosing a subset of the most relevant input variables (features) from a larger candidate pool for use in a machine learning model, with the goal of finding the smallest set…
- Social Robotv5A social robot is an autonomous or semi-autonomous robot designed to interact and communicate with humans (and sometimes with other robots) by following social behaviors and rules attached to its role.
- Exoskeleton (Wearable Robotics)v4An exoskeleton, sometimes called a powered exoskeleton, exosuit, or wearable robot, is a powered or passive mechanical structure worn on the body to augment, assist, or restore human movement.
- Manifold Learningv3Manifold learning is a class of nonlinear dimensionality reduction techniques in machine learning and statistics that recover a low-dimensional structure assumed to lie within high-dimensional data, producing…
- Lenovov5Lenovo Group Limited is a Chinese multinational technology company that is the world's largest personal computer vendor by unit shipments and one of the largest builders of AI-optimized data center hardware…
- Bear Roboticsv4Bear Robotics, Inc. is an American robotics company, founded in 2017 in Redwood City, California, by former Google software engineer John Ha, that designs and operates autonomous service robots for the…
- Mobileyev6Mobileye Global Inc. (Nasdaq: MBLY) is an Israeli technology company headquartered in Jerusalem that develops vision-based advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving technology
- bfloat16v7bfloat16 (short for Brain Floating Point Format, sometimes written BF16) is a 16-bit floating-point number format that uses one sign bit, eight exponent bits, and seven mantissa bits
- Universal Robotsv4Universal Robots A/S is a Danish manufacturer of collaborative robots, commonly called cobots, headquartered in Odense, Denmark, and the company widely credited with creating the first commercially viable…
- MuJoCov4MuJoCo (short for Multi-Joint dynamics with Contact) is an open-source physics simulator designed for fast and accurate simulation of articulated mechanical systems with rich contact interactions.
- Harmonic Drivev4A Harmonic Drive, also known as a strain wave gear, is a precision mechanical gear reducer that achieves very high reduction ratios (roughly 30:1 to 320:1) in a single compact stage by using the controlled…
- Meituanv4Meituan (Chinese: 美团; pinyin: Měituán) is a Chinese technology platform that operates the country's largest on-demand local services business and, since 2023
- ELMo (Embeddings from Language Models)v4ELMo (Embeddings from Language Models) is a deep contextualized word embedding method, introduced in 2018 by the Allen Institute for AI (AI2) and the University of Washington
- DARPA Robotics Challengev4The DARPA Robotics Challenge (commonly abbreviated DRC) was a prize competition organised by the United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) that ran from October 2012 through June 2015
- AdamWv4AdamW is a variant of the Adam optimizer that decouples weight decay from the gradient-based update rule, applying the decay directly to the weights instead of folding it into the loss as an L2 penalty.
- RoboCupv7RoboCup (short for Robot World Cup) is an international scientific initiative and annual competition, founded in 1997, that uses the game of soccer as a standard problem to drive research in artificial…
- k-Nearest Neighborsv7k-Nearest Neighbors (often abbreviated k-NN or KNN) is a non-parametric, instance-based supervised learning algorithm that classifies a new data point by finding the k most similar examples in the training set…
- Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM)v5Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is the computational problem of building a map of an unknown environment while at the same time estimating the position of a sensor, vehicle, or agent moving…
- Inertial Measurement Unitv4An inertial measurement unit (IMU) is an electronic device that measures a body's specific force and angular rate
- Human-Robot Interactionv5Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) is the interdisciplinary field that studies how humans and robots perceive, communicate with, and physically share space and tasks with one another, and how to design robots that…
- Graph Neural Networkv5A Graph Neural Network (GNN) is a class of neural_network that operates directly on graph-structured data, meaning data made of nodes (entities) connected by edges (relationships), by repeatedly passing…
- Pepper (Robot)v5Pepper is a semi-humanoid robot designed for social interaction, originally manufactured by the French company Aldebaran (later SoftBank Robotics Europe, then Aldebaran again after 2022).
- LightGBMv4LightGBM (short for Light Gradient-Boosting Machine) is a free and open-source gradient boosting framework that trains ensembles of decision trees on tabular data, originally developed at Microsoft Research by…
- Mistral OCR 3v7Mistral OCR 3 is a document-understanding and optical character recognition model from Mistral AI, released in mid-December 2025 as the third generation of the company's OCR product line.
- OpenAI Responses APIv8The OpenAI Responses API is OpenAI's agent-oriented HTTP API, launched on March 11, 2025, that unifies the simplicity of the Chat Completions API with the stateful
- XGBoostv4XGBoost (short for eXtreme Gradient Boosting) is an open-source software library that implements an optimized, distributed version of gradient boosted decision trees, and it is one of the most widely used…
- GPT-4.1v8GPT-4.1 is a family of multimodal large language models developed by OpenAI and announced on April 14, 2025, with a 1 million token context window and a SWE-bench Verified coding score of 54.6%
- Mind2Webv8Mind2Web is the first large-scale dataset and benchmark for building and evaluating generalist AI agents that follow natural language instructions to complete tasks on real websites.
- Consumer Electronics Showv6The Consumer Electronics Show (commonly abbreviated CES) is the largest annual trade show for consumer technology in the world, held every January in Las Vegas.
- GPT-5.4v7GPT-5.4 is a large language model developed by OpenAI and released on March 5, 2026.
- Grok 4.1 Fastv5Grok 4.1 Fast is a fast, low-cost, tool-calling large language model released by xAI on November 19, 2025, alongside the Agent Tools API.
- Le Chat Enterprisev6Le Chat Enterprise is the enterprise edition of Le Chat, the AI assistant from Paris-based Mistral AI, launched on May 7, 2025 as a company-wide assistant that combines enterprise search, custom AI agents…
- Claude Opus 4.7v10Claude Opus 4.7 is a hybrid reasoning large language model released by Anthropic on April 16, 2026 as the company's most capable generally available model at launch.
- Humanoid robot autonomy levelsv5Humanoid robot autonomy levels describe a graduated framework for classifying the degree of independent operation that a humanoid robot can achieve.
- History of humanoid robotsv6The history of humanoid robots runs from pre-modern automata, such as the programmable musicians described by the Muslim engineer Al-Jazari around 1206 and Leonardo da Vinci's mechanical knight of about 1495…
- Gemini 3 Prov9Gemini 3 Pro is the flagship preview model in Google DeepMind's Gemini 3 family of multimodal models, launched on November 18, 2025 as what Google called "our most intelligent model." It became the first…
- Humanoid robot applicationsv7Humanoid robot applications span a growing range of industries and use cases where the human-like form factor provides distinct advantages over traditional fixed-base or wheeled robots.
- Humanoid (company)v5Humanoid (legally registered as SKL Robotics Ltd) is a London-based robotics and artificial intelligence company that designs, develops, and deploys modular humanoid robots for industrial automation, and that…
- BrowserGymv4BrowserGym is an open-source Gymnasium-style environment and unified benchmark ecosystem for web agent research, developed by ServiceNow Research.
- Humanoid robot handsv7Humanoid robot hands are dexterous end effectors that replicate the grasping, manipulation, and tactile perception of the human hand, which itself has roughly 27 degrees of freedom.
- Agent Tools APIv5The Agent Tools API is xAI's server-side tool suite that lets agents built on the Grok family browse the web, search X posts, run Python code, retrieve uploaded documents, and call external tools, with every…
- Westwood Roboticsv6Westwood Robotics (officially Westwood Robotics Corporation) is a private American robotics company headquartered in Los Angeles, California, that specializes in proprioceptive actuators and humanoid robots.
- Toyota (robotics)v7Toyota Motor Corporation is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer that, through the Toyota Research Institute (TRI) and its Large Behavior Models program
- Tokyo Roboticsv7Tokyo Robotics Inc. is a Japanese robotics company founded in January 2015 by Yoshihiro Sakamoto and Yuki Matsuo, specializing in the development of torque-controlled humanoid robots, dexterous robotic hands…
- TOPSTAR Groupv4TOPSTAR Group, formally Guangdong Topstar Technology Co., Ltd., is a Chinese industrial automation and robotics company that builds industrial robots, injection molding machines, and five-axis CNC machine…
- WIRoboticsv8WIRobotics (Korean: 위로보틱스) is a South Korean robotics company that develops wearable assistive robots and general-purpose humanoid robots.
- TARS Roboticsv7TARS Robotics (Trusted AI and Robotics Solution), known in Chinese as 它石智航 (Tashi Zhihang), is a Chinese embodied AI and humanoid robotics startup founded on February 5
- SIASUNv8SIASUN Robot & Automation Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen Stock Exchange ticker 300024) is one of China's largest robotics manufacturers and a publicly listed company on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange's ChiNext board.
- Sulu.bev6Sulu.be, also known as Slightly Overdone or Slightly Overdone Robots, was a Belgian one-person design and robotics studio operated by Jan De Coster from Mechelen, Belgium, between 2007 and 2024.
- PNDboticsv7PNDbotics is a Chinese robotics company, headquartered in Ningbo, Zhejiang, that designs, manufactures, and sells full-size general-purpose humanoid robots, best known for its flagship robot Adam.
- Pollen Roboticsv6Pollen Robotics is a French company that designs open-source humanoid robots for AI research, education, and embodied AI, and is best known for its Reachy line and for being acquired by Hugging Face in April…
- Robrosv8Robros (Korean: 로브로스) is a South Korean robotics company, founded in September 2020 and headquartered in the Seongdong district of Seoul, that develops humanoid robots and service-robot platforms with the…
- Pudu Roboticsv5Pudu Robotics (branded as PUDU; Chinese: 普渡科技) is a Chinese robotics company headquartered in Shenzhen that designs, manufactures, and deploys commercial service robots for the food and beverage, hospitality…
- Svaya Roboticsv7Svaya Robotics is an Indian robotics company headquartered in Hyderabad, founded in 2018 by Vijay R. Seelam.
- ROBOTISv6ROBOTIS (ROBOTIS Co., Ltd.) is a South Korean robotics company, founded in 1999 by Kim Byoung-Soo, that designs and manufactures the DYNAMIXEL brand of all-in-one smart servo actuators, the standard motion…
- Robot.comv7Robot.com (legally Kiwi Campus, Inc.) is an American robotics company that develops and operates autonomous mobile robots, humanoid robots, and quadruped platforms for last-mile delivery, warehouse logistics…
- SwitchBotv9SwitchBot is a smart home brand that makes affordable home-automation devices designed to retrofit onto existing fixtures rather than replace them, including button pushers, motorized curtain openers, smart…
- Noetix Roboticsv7Noetix Robotics is a Beijing-based Chinese humanoid robot startup, officially registered as Songyan Power (Beijing) Technology Co.
- Roboligentv6Roboligent, formerly known as LinkDyn Robotics, is an American robotics company headquartered in Round Rock, Texas, that builds force-controlled mobile manipulator robots and AI-powered automation systems for…
- PAL Roboticsv6PAL Robotics is a Barcelona-based robotics company, founded in 2004, that designs and manufactures humanoid robots, mobile manipulators, and autonomous service robots for research, healthcare, retail, and…
- PaXini Technologyv7PaXini Technology (Chinese: 帕西尼感知科技, PaXini Perception Technology) is a Chinese robotics company, founded in April 2021 and headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong, that builds high-precision multidimensional…
- PHYBOTv5PHYBOT (Chinese: 动易科技), formally Beijing Phybot Technology Co., Ltd., is a Chinese robotics company founded in September 2024 that builds general-purpose humanoid robots, proprietary cycloidal drive actuators…
- NASA (robotics programs)v5NASA (the National Aeronautics and Space Administration) is the U.S. space agency, founded in 1958, that builds robotic and artificial intelligence systems for space exploration, and its onboard autonomy…
- Perceptynev6Perceptyne is an Indian deep-tech robotics startup based in Hyderabad, Telangana, that designs and builds AI-first semi-humanoid robots for industrial manufacturing.
- PL Universev7PL Universe (formally PL-Universe Robotics Technology Suzhou Limited Co.) is a Chinese robotics company, founded in January 2025 and headquartered in Suzhou Industrial Park, that designs, manufactures, and…
- OpenLoongv7OpenLoong is a Chinese government-backed open-source humanoid robot initiative operated by the National and Local Co-built Humanoid Robotics Innovation Center in Shanghai
- Roboterav8Robotera (formally Beijing Robot Era Technology Co., Ltd.; Chinese: 星动纪元, Xingdong Jiyuan) is a Chinese humanoid robot company headquartered in Beijing that builds full-stack hardware and software for embodied…
- Naver Labsv4Naver Labs is the research and development subsidiary of Naver Corporation, South Korea's largest internet company, established in 2017 to develop future technologies in robotics, autonomous driving…
- NEURA Roboticsv6NEURA Robotics is a German robotics company that builds cognitive robots: machines that fuse industrial-grade hardware with onboard artificial intelligence so they perceive their surroundings, learn new tasks…
- LG Electronics (robotics)v8LG Electronics is a South Korean multinational electronics company and a subsidiary of LG Corporation whose artificial intelligence work centers on the EXAONE family of foundation models, built by LG AI…
- Kinisi Roboticsv7Kinisi Robotics is a robotics company, with offices in New York City and an engineering center in Bristol, United Kingdom, that designs and deploys low-cost wheeled humanoid robots for industrial automation
- MagicLabv5MagicLab is a Chinese robotics and embodied AI company, officially Magic Atom Robotics Technology (Wuxi) Co., Ltd., that builds general-purpose humanoid robots and quadruped robots for industrial, commercial…
- Muks Roboticsv6Muks Robotics is an Indian artificial intelligence and robotics company, formally registered as Muks Robotics AI Pvt.
- Lanxin Roboticsv6Lanxin Robotics (Chinese: 蓝芯科技; formally Hangzhou Lanxin Robot Technology Co., Ltd.) is a Chinese robotics and machine vision company headquartered in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province that builds vision-guided…
- K-Scale Labsv9K-Scale Labs, Inc. was an American robotics startup, founded in 2024, that developed open-source humanoid robots.
- Lumos Roboticsv6Lumos Robotics (Chinese: 鹿明机器人, Luming Jiqiren) is a Chinese robotics company headquartered in Shenzhen that designs and manufactures humanoid robots, visuotactile sensors, and robotic joint modules for…
