2024 Nobel Prizes in AI
In 2024, five artificial intelligence researchers won Nobel Prizes across two categories: the Nobel Prize in Physics went to John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton "for foundational discoveries and inventions…
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In 2024, five artificial intelligence researchers won Nobel Prizes across two categories: the Nobel Prize in Physics went to John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton "for foundational discoveries and inventions…
AI weather forecasting is the use of machine learning and deep learning models, trained on decades of historical atmospheric data, to predict the weather faster and often more accurately than the physics-based…
Computer vision is the study of computational methods that extract, estimate, or generate useful representations from visual measurements.
Connectionism is an approach in cognitive science and artificial intelligence that explains mental phenomena as the collective behavior of large networks of simple, interconnected processing units.
A context window is the finite token sequence that a language model can process for one invocation.
Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that uses artificial neural networks with multiple layers to automatically learn representations of data at multiple levels of abstraction
Embodied AI is an area of artificial intelligence concerned with agents whose perception, action, learning, and reasoning are coupled through interaction with an environment.
The Gaussian Error Linear Unit (GELU) is a smooth, non-monotonic activation function defined as GELU(x) = x · Φ(x), where Φ(x) is the cumulative distribution function of the standard normal distribution.
A large language model (LLM) is an artificial intelligence system built on a transformer neural network with billions to trillions of parameters, trained on massive text corpora to predict the next token in a…
LeNet is the pioneering family of convolutional neural networks developed by Yann LeCun and collaborators at AT&T Bell Labs between roughly 1988 and 1998 to read handwritten characters
OCR Models are artificial intelligence (AI) systems that convert images of typed, handwritten, or printed text into machine-readable digital text through Optical Character Recognition (OCR).
Object detection is a computer vision task that finds instances of interest in an image and assigns each one a category.
Post-training is the stage of large language model (LLM) development that comes after pre-training and turns a raw, general-purpose base model into an aligned, instruction-following AI assistant.
Pre-training is a stage of machine learning in which a model learns parameters from a source dataset or source objective before those parameters are reused or adapted for a target use.
Reinforcement learning (RL) is a branch of machine learning in which an agent learns to make decisions by taking actions in an environment to maximize a cumulative reward signal, discovering good behavior…
Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is supervised training applied to a model that has already been trained.