Large Language Models

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BitNet

BitNet is a family of large language model architectures developed by Microsoft Research Asia that constrain the weights of a transformer to extremely low bit-widths: initially a single bit ({-1, +1}) and…

MicrosoftModel Architecture

BitNet b1.58

BitNet b1.58 is a ternary-weight large language model architecture from Microsoft Research in which every weight is constrained to one of three values, -1, 0, or +1

MicrosoftModel Architecture

GLM

GLM, short for General Language Model, is both a pretraining framework for language understanding and generation and the name of a model family developed by researchers associated with Tsinghua University and…

AI ModelsChinese AI

Jamba

Jamba is a family of open-weight large language models from AI21 Labs, first released on March 28, 2024, and is the world's first production-grade language model built on a Mamba state space model (SSM)…

AI CompaniesMixture of Experts

Jamba2

Jamba2 is the second generation of hybrid State Space Model and Transformer language models released by AI21 Labs on January 8, 2026.

AI ModelsMixture of Experts

Kimi Linear

Kimi Linear is a hybrid linear attention architecture published by Moonshot AI on October 30, 2025, together with a 48-billion-parameter mixture-of-experts model that activates 3 billion parameters per token.

AI ModelsChinese AI

Long-context language models

Long-context language models are large language models engineered to accept and reason over inputs far larger than the few-thousand-token windows used by early transformer systems, with frontier models in 2026…

Model Architecture

Mamba

Mamba is a neural network architecture for sequence modeling that uses selective state space models (SSMs) to process sequential data in linear time with respect to sequence length

Model Architecture

SparDA

SparDA (Sparse Decoupled Attention) is an add-on architecture for long-context large language model inference proposed by researchers at NVIDIA in a paper posted to arXiv on 3 June 2026.

AI InferenceModel Architecture

SubQ

SubQ is a large language model released on May 5, 2026 by Subquadratic, a Miami-based startup that emerged from stealth claiming to have built the first frontier model on a fully subquadratic attention…

AI CompaniesModel Architecture