Apple Foundation Models
Apple Foundation Models (AFM) are the family of large language models Apple built to power Apple Intelligence, the company's generative AI system introduced at WWDC 2024 in June 2024.
Large Language Models
Explore language models, how they work, and the techniques used to build applications with them.
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Best Local and On-Device LLMs
As of July 2026, the best local LLM to run offline depends almost entirely on how much memory you can give it, so this guide ranks picks by hardware tier.
Best Small Language Models
As of July 2026, the two strongest small language models (open models under 15 billion parameters) are Google DeepMind's Gemma 4 12B and Alibaba's Qwen3.5-9B.
GPT-4.1 nano
GPT-4.1 nano is the smallest, fastest, and least expensive model in OpenAI's GPT-4.1 family of large language models, released on April 14, 2025.
Gemma
Gemma is a family of open-weight models developed by Google DeepMind. The family began in February 2024 with text-only decoder models derived from research used for Google's Gemini systems, then expanded to…
Gemma 2
Gemma 2 is a family of open-weights large language models developed by Google DeepMind and released starting June 27, 2024, in three parameter sizes: 2 billion (2B), 9 billion (9B), and 27 billion (27B).
Gemma 3
Gemma 3 is a family of open-weight large language models developed by Google DeepMind and released on March 12, 2025.
MiniCPM
MiniCPM is a family of compact, openly licensed language models published by OpenBMB, the shared open-source brand of Tsinghua University's natural language processing lab (THUNLP) and the Beijing company…
MiniCPM5-2B
MiniCPM5-2B is an open-weights small language model published by OpenBMB on September 7, 2026 under the Apache License 2.0.
Phi (language model)
Phi is a family of open-weight small language models (SLMs) developed by Microsoft Research, beginning with Phi-1 in June 2023 and spanning thirteen-plus releases through Phi-4-reasoning-vision-15B in March…
Phi-3
Phi-4
Phi-4 is a 14-billion-parameter small language model developed by Microsoft Research and released in December 2024, designed to match or beat models several times its size on reasoning tasks by training…
Phi-4-mini
Phi-4-mini is a 3.8 billion parameter open weight small language model released by Microsoft on February 26, 2025, under the permissive MIT license.
Phi-4-mini-flash-reasoning
Phi-4-mini-flash-reasoning is a 3.8 billion parameter open weight reasoning model released by Microsoft in July 2025.
Reka Edge
Reka Edge is a 7-billion-parameter multimodal language model developed by Reka AI, introduced in April 2024 as the smallest member of the company's first publicly described model family.
SmolLM
SmolLM is a family of small, fully open language models released by Hugging Face on July 16, 2024 in three sizes, 135 million, 360 million, and 1.7 billion parameters, all trained on a curated open dataset…
SmolLM 2
SmolLM 2 is a family of compact open-weight language models released by Hugging Face on November 1, 2024.
SmolLM 3
SmolLM 3 is a fully open 3 billion parameter language model released by Hugging Face on July 8, 2025, trained on 11.2 trillion tokens and designed as a small, multilingual, long-context reasoner.