Thursday, July 23, 2026
- Musicv4AI in music is the use of artificial intelligence, especially machine learning and generative AI, to compose, perform, mix, master, transcribe, voice-clone, and reproduce music.
- NVIDIA Picassov5NVIDIA Picasso is a cloud-based generative AI foundry from NVIDIA for building, training, and deploying visual generative models that produce images, video, and 3D content from text prompts.
- Multi-Head Self-Attentionv8Multi-head self-attention is the core sequence-mixing mechanism of the Transformer architecture: it runs several scaled dot-product attention operations ("heads") in parallel over different learned projections…
- NLUv8Natural Language Understanding (NLU) is the subfield of artificial intelligence and natural language processing that turns unstructured human language into structured representations a computer can act on…
- NVIDIA DGX Sparkv6NVIDIA DGX Spark is a compact, deskside AI development system, marketed by NVIDIA as a "personal AI supercomputer," that puts a Grace Blackwell superchip on a desktop and delivers up to 1 petaFLOP (1,000 TOPS)…
- Meta Promptingv5Meta prompting (also spelled meta-prompting) is an advanced prompt engineering technique where large language models (LLMs) are used to generate, refine, critique, select, or optimize prompts for themselves or…
- Mini-batchv5A mini-batch is a small, randomly sampled subset of the training dataset used to compute a single update to a model's parameters during training.
- Microsoft 365 Copilotv9Microsoft 365 Copilot is an artificial intelligence assistant developed by Microsoft that integrates large language models (LLMs) with the Microsoft 365 suite of productivity applications.
- Midjourneyv8Midjourney is an artificial intelligence image generation service and independent research lab headquartered in San Francisco, California
- Metrics API (tf.metrics)v4The Metrics API in TensorFlow is a collection of classes and utilities for computing evaluation scores that summarize how well a model is doing.
- Minimum Viable Agentv4A Minimum Viable Agent (MVA) is the simplest valid implementation of an AI agent: a program in which a large language model calls tools in a loop, observes the results, and decides on its own when to stop.
- Model Parallelismv9Model parallelism is a distributed training and inference technique that splits a single neural network across multiple processing units so that no individual accelerator has to hold the entire model.
- Meta-Learningv10Meta-learning, often called "learning to learn", is a branch of machine learning in which a model is trained across many different tasks so that it can master a new task from only a handful of examples or a…
- Momentumv7Momentum is an optimization technique that accelerates gradient descent by accumulating an exponentially weighted moving average of past gradients into a velocity vector and using that velocity, rather than…
- MidJourney Prompt Generatorv5MidJourney Prompt Generator is a generic category name that refers to the broad class of tools, custom GPTs, and prompt templates that help users compose effective text prompts for Midjourney
- Microsoft Copilotv8Microsoft Copilot is the umbrella brand that Microsoft uses for its generative AI assistants and agents across consumer, developer, and enterprise products.
- Minimax Lossv5Minimax loss is a loss function rooted in game theory and decision theory that measures the worst-case performance of a strategy, algorithm, or model.
- Minority classv6In an imbalanced classification problem, the minority class is the class label with far fewer training examples than the others, and it is almost always the outcome you actually care about (fraud, disease…
- Mini-batch stochastic gradient descentv5Mini-batch stochastic gradient descent (often shortened to mini-batch SGD or MB-SGD) is the optimization algorithm used to train almost every modern neural network: it updates a model's parameters by…
- Model hubsv3A model hub is an online platform or repository where people discover, share, version, and download machine learning models.
- Metricv4In machine learning, a metric is a quantitative measure used to evaluate how well a model or algorithm performs a task.
- MathArenav6MathArena is a public, continuously updated leaderboard and evaluation platform that measures the performance of large language models on mathematics competition problems released after each model's training…
- Matplotlibv6Matplotlib is the foundational open-source data visualization library for Python, created by John D. Hunter in 2003, that produces static, animated, and interactive plots and serves as the de-facto plotting…
- Machine learning terms/TensorFlowv5TensorFlow is an open-source software library for machine learning, deep learning, and numerical computation, developed and maintained by Google and first released to the public under the Apache 2.0 license on…
- Machine learning terms/Reinforcement Learningv5Reinforcement learning (RL) is a branch of machine learning in which an agent learns to make sequential decisions by interacting with an environment and receiving feedback in the form of rewards or penalties.
- Majority classv7In machine learning, the majority class is the class label that appears most frequently in a labeled dataset used for classification.
- Markov Decision Process (MDP)v9A Markov Decision Process (MDP) is a mathematical framework for modeling sequential decision-making in stochastic environments, formally defined by the 5-tuple $$(S, A, P, R, \gamma)$$: a set of states, a set…
- Marketing ChatGPT Pluginsv4Marketing ChatGPT Plugins were a now-deprecated group of third-party extensions for ChatGPT that helped marketers research audiences, draft content, build websites, and connect ChatGPT to existing martech…
- Matrix factorizationv10Matrix factorization is a family of mathematical techniques that decompose a matrix into a product of two or more smaller matrices.
- Masked Language Modelv6A masked language model (MLM) is a language model trained to predict missing tokens that have been hidden in a sequence of text, using context from both the left and the right of each blank.
- Machine learning terms/Recommendation Systemsv5A recommendation system (also called a recommender system) is a class of machine learning software that predicts the preference a user would give to an item
- Mean Squared Error (MSE)v8Mean Squared Error (MSE), also called mean squared deviation (MSD), is the average of the squared differences between predicted values and actual (observed) values
- AI in marketingv4Artificial intelligence in marketing refers to the use of machine-learning systems, statistical models, and, more recently, generative AI to plan, produce, target, deliver, and measure marketing and…
- Mean Absolute Error (MAE)v6Mean Absolute Error (MAE) is a regression accuracy metric and loss function that measures the average absolute difference between predicted values and actual observed values
- Manus (AI agent)v7Manus is a general-purpose autonomous AI agent developed by Butterfly Effect, a startup founded in China in 2022 and later headquartered in Singapore.
- Markov propertyv10The Markov property is the condition that a stochastic process is memoryless: the future of the process depends only on its present state, not on the path the process took to reach that state.
- Manipulation problemv5The manipulation problem is the concern that artificial intelligence systems can, or will soon be able to, influence human users with a precision and scale that bypasses their ability to make informed…
- Media ChatGPT Pluginsv4Media ChatGPT Plugins were a broad umbrella grouping of third-party tools inside the ChatGPT plugin store that surfaced content from press outlets, broadcast brands, comic syndicates, and cross-format…
- Machine learning terms/Sequence Modelsv5Sequence models are a class of machine learning systems designed to process inputs or produce outputs that have a meaningful order.
- Loss Surfacev5The loss surface (also called the loss landscape, the error surface, or the objective function surface) is the geometric representation of a loss function as a function of the model's parameters.
- MNISTv6The Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) database is a collection of 70,000 grayscale images of handwritten digits (0 through 9) that has served as one of the most widely used…
- Machine learning terms/Computer Visionv5The key machine learning terms for computer vision describe how neural networks turn pixels into predictions: a convolution slides a small learned filter (kernel) across an image to detect patterns, a…
- MGSM (Multilingual Grade School Math)v6MGSM (Multilingual Grade School Math) is a multilingual benchmark that measures the mathematical reasoning ability of large language models by taking 250 grade-school math word problems from GSM8K and…
- MMLU-Prov8MMLU-Pro (Massive Multitask Language Understanding Professional) is an artificial intelligence benchmark of 12,032 ten-choice questions across 14 academic domains
- Machine learning terms/Google Cloudv4Google Cloud is the public cloud arm of Google and one of the three dominant providers of machine learning infrastructure, alongside Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure.
- Machine learning terms/Fairnessv4The key machine learning fairness terms are the formal criteria used to define and measure when a model treats demographic groups equitably, together with the named biases that make models unfair.
- Machine learning terms/Decision Forestsv4Decision forests are a family of machine learning models built from collections of decision trees.
- MATH Level 5v4MATH Level 5 is the hardest difficulty tier of the MATH (benchmark) dataset introduced by Dan Hendrycks and colleagues in the 2021 paper Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Dataset.
- Machine Learningv9Machine learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence that gives computers the ability to learn from data and improve their performance on tasks without being explicitly programmed.
- Machine learning terms/Allv6This alphabetical glossary collects core terminology used across machine learning, deep learning, reinforcement learning, large language models, and TensorFlow tooling.
- MATHv6MATH is a benchmark of 12,500 competition mathematics problems used to evaluate the mathematical problem-solving ability of machine learning systems, particularly large language models.
- Machine learning terms/Fundamentalsv7Machine learning (ML) is the branch of artificial intelligence concerned with building systems that learn patterns from data rather than following explicitly programmed rules.
- MMMLUv4MMMLU (Multilingual Massive Multitask Language Understanding) is a multilingual evaluation dataset published by OpenAI on September 23, 2024.
- Logitsv8In machine learning and statistics, logits refer to the raw, unnormalized scores output by a model before they are converted into probabilities.
- Log Lossv5Log loss is the negative log-likelihood of the predicted probabilities and the standard loss function for probabilistic classification: for binary labels it is computed as…
- Lifestylev5Lifestyle AI refers to the broad category of artificial intelligence tools, agents, and embedded features that help individuals manage personal aspects of daily life: travel planning, fitness and health…
- LiveBenchv10LiveBench is a contamination-limited benchmark for large language models (LLMs) that draws frequently updated questions from recent sources (math competitions, arXiv papers, news articles, and datasets) and…
- LiveCodeBenchv7LiveCodeBench is a holistic and contamination-free benchmark for evaluating large language models on code, first released in March 2024 by researchers at UC Berkeley, MIT, and Cornell led by Naman Jain.
- Lossv8In machine learning, loss (sometimes called error) is a single non-negative number that measures how far a model's prediction is from the correct answer
- Longform Creative Writingv5Longform Creative Writing is a capability area and benchmark family for large language models that measures how well a system can write coherent, engaging fiction or narrative non-fiction over thousands of…
- Linear modelv7A linear model is any statistics or machine learning model whose prediction is a linear function of its input features, of the form f(x) = g(w_1 x_1 + w_2 x_2 + ... + w_p x_p + b)
- Log-Oddsv8Log-odds, also known as the logit, is a mathematical transformation that converts a probability value between 0 and 1 into a real number spanning from negative infinity to positive infinity.
- Linearv6In machine learning and mathematics, linear describes a function or relationship in which the output is built from the inputs only through addition and multiplication by constants.
- Loss Curvev7A loss curve is a plot that shows the value of a loss function over the course of training a machine learning model.
- Lifestyle ChatGPT Pluginsv5Lifestyle ChatGPT Plugins were third party tools available inside the ChatGPT plugins marketplace that addressed everyday personal interests such as astrology, fashion, food, gardening, parenting, and…
- Linear Regressionv10Linear regression is a statistical method that models the relationship between one or more independent variables (the predictors or features) and a continuous dependent variable (the response) by fitting a…
- Legal ChatGPT Pluginsv4Legal ChatGPT Plugins were a category of third-party extensions for ChatGPT that connected the assistant to legislative trackers, regulatory feeds, statutory codes, court opinion databases, and contract review…
- Least Squares Regressionv6Least squares regression is a statistical method that fits a model to data by choosing the parameters that minimize the sum of the squared residuals, the squared differences between the observed values and the…
- Layers API (tf.layers)v6The Layers API (commonly written as tf.layers) was a high-level layer abstraction in TensorFlow that provided pre-built, modular components for assembling neural networks.
- Language Learning ChatGPT Pluginsv4Language learning ChatGPT plugins were a small but visible group of third-party tools that extended ChatGPT with translation, foreign-language explanation, conversational practice, and tutor-matching…
- Large Language Modelv14A large language model (LLM) is an artificial intelligence system built on a transformer neural network with billions to trillions of parameters, trained on massive text corpora to predict the next token in a…
- Keymate.AI GPT (Beta)v5Keymate.AI GPT (Beta) is the listing name in the GPT Store for Keymate AI Search & Browse with Linked Memory, a third-party tool that adds real-time web search, URL browsing, and a persistent knowledge base to…
- Legalv4Legal AI is the use of artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning and large language models, to assist with the work of lawyers, judges, regulators, and self-represented litigants.
- Language Learningv4Language learning is one of the first consumer markets to be reshaped by generative AI: since 2023, apps such as Duolingo, Speak, Babbel, ELSA, and Pimsleur have used large language models and speech…
- Leafv5A leaf (also called a terminal node) is a node in a decision tree that has no children and holds the model's prediction.
- Law ChatGPT Pluginsv4Law ChatGPT plugins were a category of third-party tools that connected ChatGPT to legal codes, case law databases, legislative trackers, and lawyer directories between March 2023 and April 2024.
- Keypointsv6In computer vision, keypoints (also called interest points, feature points, or salient points) are distinctive locations in an image that can be reliably detected and described across changes in viewpoint…
- Landmarksv7Landmarks are reference points used as anchors in two largely separate areas of machine learning.
- Layerv6A layer is the fundamental building block of a neural network: an organized group of neurons (also called nodes or units) that together apply one mathematical transformation to their input and pass the result…
- Lambdav5Lambda (the Greek letter λ) is a symbol used across machine learning, statistics, and computer science to denote several distinct quantities
- Labelv5In machine learning, a label is the target output value associated with a single training example: the correct answer that a supervised learning model is trained to predict.
- Labeled examplev5A labeled example is a single data point used to train a machine learning model that consists of one or more input features paired with the correct answer, called the label.
- K-Meansv10K-means is an unsupervised machine learning clustering algorithm that partitions a dataset into k distinct, non-overlapping clusters by repeatedly assigning each data point to its nearest cluster center and…
- Kernel Support Vector Machines (KSVMs)v6A kernel support vector machine (kernel SVM, or KSVM) is a supervised learning algorithm that finds the maximum-margin boundary between two classes after implicitly mapping the data into a high-dimensional…
- Inter-rater agreementv4Inter-rater agreement is the degree of consensus among two or more independent raters when they label or score the same set of items.
- IoUv6Intersection over Union (IoU), also known as the Jaccard index or Jaccard similarity coefficient, is the standard overlap metric in object detection and image segmentation: it is the area of overlap between a…
- Iterationv6An iteration in machine learning is a single update of a model's parameters during training, performed by processing one batch of data: the model makes predictions on the batch (a forward pass), computes the…
- K-Medianv8K-median clustering (also written k-medians) is a partitioning-based clustering algorithm that divides a dataset of $$n$$ objects into $$k$$ groups by minimizing the sum of distances between each data point…
- Item matrixv8In collaborative filtering and matrix factorization recommender systems, the item matrix (commonly written V, sometimes Q or H) is the matrix of latent-factor vectors for items: each row holds one item's…
- Internet ChatGPT Pluginsv4Internet ChatGPT Plugins were third-party and first-party extensions inside the ChatGPT plugin store that let the assistant reach the live web, for example by browsing pages, reading a specific URL, searching…
- Inference pathv4The inference path is the sequence of nodes that a single example visits as it travels from the root node of a decision tree down to a leaf node during prediction.
- Intersection over union (IoU)v5Intersection over Union (IoU) is the standard computer vision evaluation metric that measures how well a predicted region overlaps a ground-truth region: it is the area of intersection divided by the area of…
- Instancev4In machine learning and statistics, an instance is a single data point in a dataset: the values of one row of features and, optionally, a label .
- Input Layerv8The input layer is the first layer of a neural network: it receives the raw feature vector for each data sample and passes those values forward to the next layer, performing no learned computation of its own.
- Information Gainv7Information Gain (IG) is a measure from information theory that quantifies the reduction in entropy (uncertainty) achieved by partitioning a dataset on a particular feature: it equals the entropy of the parent…
- AI and the internetv3AI and the internet describes the ways that generative AI is reshaping the open web: how content is produced and discovered, how traffic flows between sites, who (or what) reads the resulting pages, and how…
- Kerasv6Keras is an open-source, high-level neural network API written in Python that lets developers build, train, and deploy deep learning models with minimal code.
- Itemsv4In recommendation systems, items are the entities that the system recommends to users. Google's recommendation systems course defines an item, also called a document, as "the entities a system recommends.
- In-Group Biasv4In-group bias (also called in-group favoritism or in-group preference) is the systematic tendency to favor members of one's own social group over members of other groups
- Image Recognitionv11Image recognition is the field of artificial intelligence and computer vision that enables machines to identify, classify, and interpret the objects, patterns, and features contained in a digital image or…
