Skip to content
AI Wiki
CtrlK
LearnTopicsToolsUpdatesReading list
Log inSign up

Explore AI Wiki

Loading

AI Wiki site footer

Browse by topic

All topicsRandom article
  • Machine Learning
  • AI Companies
  • Large Language Models
  • Robotics
  • Open Source AI
  • AI Models
  • Deep Learning
  • Humanoid Robots
  • AI Hardware
  • Generative AI

A free, source-backed encyclopedia with 4,000+ articles about artificial intelligence.

Help keep AI knowledge accurate

Start contributing

Contribute

  • Updates
  • Requested articles
  • Missing pages
  • Corrections log

Standards & trust

  • About AI Wiki
  • How we verify
  • Sourcing standards
  • AI transparency
  • Neutral point of view
  • Editorial policy
  • Content license

Tools & data

  • Free AI tools
  • AI comparisons
  • API, MCP & open data
  • Site statistics
  • RSS feed

From the AI Wiki team

  • AI Compute TrackerGPU cloud pricing, availability, and compute-market data.New tab ↗AI Compute Tracker is a companion site owned and operated by the same team as AI Wiki. Opens in a new tab.
How companion projects work

AIWiki.ai · Text is available under CC BY 4.0; reuse welcome.

  • Contact
  • Privacy
  • Terms
HomeUpdates

Updates

470 articles changed in the last 30 days; 31 are new in the last 7 days. Newest articles first, by the date they were published. Page 7 of 47.

All updatesNew articles
RSS

Friday, July 24, 2026

  • Kalman Filterv1The Kalman filter is a recursive algorithm that estimates the hidden state of a dynamic system from a sequence of noisy measurements.
  • John Hopfieldv1John Joseph Hopfield (born July 15, 1933) is an American physicist whose work spans condensed-matter physics, molecular biology, and the theory of neural computation.
  • HuggingGPTv1HuggingGPT is an agent system that uses a large language model as a controller to plan tasks and orchestrate specialist machine learning models hosted on Hugging Face.
  • Hopfield Networkv1A Hopfield network is a form of recurrent neural network that stores information as stable patterns in a system of interconnected binary units and retrieves it by content rather than by address.
  • History of Artificial Intelligencev1The history of artificial intelligence is the story of a scientific field that has cycled between extravagant promises, painful funding collapses, and genuine breakthroughs since the mid-twentieth century.
  • Fill-in-the-middlev1Fill-in-the-middle (FIM) is a training objective and inference technique that lets an autoregressive language model generate text for a gap in the middle of a document, conditioned on both the text before the…
  • ELIZA effectv1The ELIZA effect is the tendency of people to attribute understanding, empathy, and other human mental states to a computer program on the strength of its conversational output
  • Donut (Model)v1Donut (Document understanding transformer) is an OCR-free visual document understanding model introduced by researchers at NAVER CLOVA in the paper "OCR-free Document Understanding Transformer," first posted…
  • DENDRALv1DENDRAL was a computer program built at Stanford University to help organic chemists work out the molecular structure of unknown compounds from their mass spectra.
  • Cyberneticsv1Cybernetics is the study of control and communication in animals, machines, and organizations.
  • Connectionist Temporal Classificationv1Connectionist temporal classification (CTC) is a loss function and output layer design for training neural networks to label unsegmented sequences, such as transcribing an audio recording into characters when…
  • Claude Shannonv1Claude Elwood Shannon (April 30, 1916 - February 24, 2001) was an American mathematician and electrical engineer who founded information theory, the mathematical framework that underlies digital communication…
  • BookCorpusv1BookCorpus (also written BooksCorpus, and sometimes called the Toronto Book Corpus) is a text dataset built from free, self-published English-language ebooks scraped from the distribution platform Smashwords.
  • Amazon Mechanical Turkv1Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is a crowdsourcing marketplace operated by Amazon in which businesses and researchers ("requesters") post small paid tasks that a distributed pool of workers completes over the…
  • Allen Newellv1Allen Newell (March 19, 1927 - July 19, 1992) was an American computer scientist and cognitive psychologist who co-created the Logic Theorist, widely described as the first artificial intelligence program, and…

Thursday, July 23, 2026

  • Kimi K3v8Kimi K3 is an open-weight multimodal reasoning model developed by Moonshot AI. Moonshot made the model available through its hosted products on July 16, 2026 and published the weights, code, configuration…
  • Science Corporationv2Science Corporation (styled Science, and often shortened to Science Corp.) is a neurotechnology company based in Alameda, California, that develops implantable devices to restore vision and, longer term, to…
  • PsiBotv3PsiBot (Chinese: 灵初智能, pinyin Lingchu Zhineng, rendered in English as Lingchu Intelligence) is a Chinese embodied AI startup founded in September 2024 that builds reinforcement learning based vision language…
  • PRIMA (retinal implant)v3PRIMA (Photovoltaic Retina Implant Micro-Array) is a wireless subretinal implant that partially restores central vision in people blinded by geographic atrophy
  • Niantic Spatialv3

Wednesday, July 22, 2026

  • World Artificial Intelligence Conferencev4The World Artificial Intelligence Conference (WAIC; Chinese: 世界人工智能大会) is an annual, government-backed artificial intelligence conference and exhibition held in Shanghai since 2018.
  • Wheeled-legged robotv2A wheeled-legged robot (also called a wheel-legged or hybrid wheeled-legged robot) is a mobile robot that combines wheels with articulated legs so it can roll efficiently across flat, continuous ground while…
  • Tairosv2Tairos (Chinese: 钛螺丝, "titanium screw") is an embodied-AI platform for robotics built by Tencent.
  • Robot skinv2Robot skin is the outer covering of a robot: the layer, or set of layers, applied to the outside of a machine for appearance, protection, safety, hygiene, and, increasingly, touch sensing.
  • Robot form factorv2

Tuesday, July 14, 2026

  • The Humanoid 100v2The Humanoid 100 is a research report published by Morgan Stanley Research on February 6, 2025, under the title "The Humanoid 100: Mapping the Humanoid Robot Value Chain." It sorts roughly 100 publicly traded…
  • Made in China 2025v2Made in China 2025 (Chinese: 中国制造2025; pinyin: Zhongguo Zhizao 2025), commonly abbreviated MIC2025 or MIC 2025, is a ten-year industrial policy that China's State Council issued in May 2015 to shift the…
  • Moravec's paradoxv2Moravec's paradox is the observation that tasks requiring abstract, high-level reasoning, playing a board game, proving a theorem, filling out a tax form, take relatively little computation for a machine…
  • Universal Manipulation Interfacev2Universal Manipulation Interface (UMI) is an open-source system for collecting robot manipulation training data with a handheld, camera-equipped gripper instead of an actual robot.

Tuesday, July 7, 2026

  • Microsoft Agent Frameworkv3Microsoft Agent Framework (MAF) is an open-source software development kit and runtime developed by Microsoft for building AI agents, multi-agent systems, and graph-based workflows.
  • GLM-5.2v4GLM-5.2 is an open-weight large language model developed by the Chinese company Zhipu AI, which sells its products internationally under the brand Z.ai.
  • Claude Sonnet 5v10Claude Sonnet 5 is a large language model developed by Anthropic, released on June 30, 2026 as the mid-tier Sonnet model of the Claude lineup and, at launch, the default model for Free and Pro plans on…
  • Claude Mythos 5v7Claude Mythos 5 is a large language model released by Anthropic on June 9, 2026 as the restricted top tier of its Claude family.
  • Claude Fable 5v10
NewerPage 7 of 47Older
Niantic Spatial, Inc. is an American geospatial artificial intelligence company that builds maps and 3D reconstructions of the physical world for machines, including humanoid robots, delivery robots, augmented…
  • Flexion Roboticsv4Flexion Robotics AG, usually shortened to Flexion, is a Swiss robotics software company that builds a hardware-agnostic autonomy stack, often described as "the brain," for humanoid robots.
  • AI usage limitsv3AI usage limits are the caps that providers of subscription AI services place on how much computing a customer can consume before waiting for a reset.
  • NVIDIA Agent Toolkitv3NVIDIA Agent Toolkit is NVIDIA's umbrella name for its collection of open models, agent blueprints, libraries, skills and runtimes for building and running AI agents
  • NVIDIA Newtonv6Newton is an open-source, GPU-accelerated physics engine built for robotics simulation and robot learning, co-developed by NVIDIA, Google DeepMind, and Disney Research and stewarded by the Linux Foundation.
  • NVIDIA NemoClawv11NVIDIA NemoClaw is a collection of open blueprints (reference architectures) for building custom autonomous AI agents that packages three moving parts, a model, an agent harness, and a secure runtime
  • NVIDIA DGX Stationv3NVIDIA DGX Station is a line of deskside artificial intelligence workstations from NVIDIA, each marketed as a "personal AI supercomputer" that puts data-center-class compute next to a developer's desk rather…
  • NVIDIA NeMo Agent Toolkitv5The NVIDIA NeMo Agent Toolkit is an open-source, framework-agnostic library for connecting, profiling, evaluating, and optimizing teams of AI agents.
  • Robot form factor is the physical shape and mobility architecture of a robot: whether it moves on wheels, tracks, legs, or a hybrid of these; how many limbs and joints it carries
  • Monumental (construction robotics)v2Monumental is an Amsterdam based construction robotics company that runs a fleet of small autonomous robots that lay brick and mortar on live building sites.
  • Hy-Embodiedv2Hy-Embodied is a family of open-weight embodied-AI foundation models built by Tencent, jointly developed by the Tencent Hunyuan model team (the "Hy Team") and the Tencent Robotics X laboratory.
  • Frozen v2 (Google AI chip)v2Frozen v2 is the informal internal codename for a specialized artificial-intelligence inference chip that Google is reportedly developing to run its Gemini models more cheaply and with far less energy.
  • Cost of transportv2Cost of transport (COT), also called specific cost of transport, specific resistance, or the dimensionless cost of transport, is the standard measure of how much energy a moving body spends to travel.
  • AheadFormv3AheadForm (Chinese: 首形科技) is a Shanghai-based robotics company, founded in 2024 by the Columbia University roboticist Dr. Yuhang Hu, that builds hyper-realistic robotic faces and head-and-bust units rather…
  • NVIDIA Jetson
    v7
    NVIDIA Jetson is NVIDIA's family of compact, power-efficient system-on-modules (SoMs) that bring GPU-accelerated computing to machines that cannot lean on a data-center connection: robots, drones, cameras, and…
  • Electronic skinv3Electronic skin (usually shortened to e-skin) is a flexible, stretchable sensing surface built to give a robot, prosthetic limb, or wearable device something close to the tactile sense of biological skin: the…
  • Vision-based tactile sensorv2A vision-based tactile sensor, also called an optical or camera-based tactile sensor, is a category of tactile sensing that measures touch by watching it rather than by reading a strain gauge, a capacitor, or…
  • End effectorv2An end effector is the device mounted at the working end of a robot arm or wrist: the part that actually touches, grips, welds, or otherwise acts on the world, while the rest of the arm exists only to position…
  • Event camerav2An event camera (also called a dynamic vision sensor, DVS, or neuromorphic camera) is an image sensor whose pixels work independently and asynchronously.
  • Force-torque sensorv2A force-torque sensor (F/T sensor) is a transducer that measures three orthogonal forces (Fx, Fy, Fz) and three torques or moments (Tx, Ty, Tz) applied simultaneously at a single point, across six degrees of…
  • Rolling-element bearingv1A rolling-element bearing is a machine component that lets one part rotate or pivot against another while carrying load, typically a shaft turning inside a housing, by placing hardened balls or rollers between…
  • Leadscrewv2A leadscrew (also written lead screw, and sometimes called a power screw) converts rotary motion into linear motion using a threaded shaft and a matching internally threaded nut that slide directly against…
  • Rotary encoderv2A rotary encoder is an electromechanical sensor that measures the angular position, direction, and speed of a rotating shaft and converts that motion into an electrical signal a controller can read.
  • Artificial musclev2Artificial muscle is an umbrella term for actuator technologies that generate motion by contracting along a line, the way biological muscle shortens to pull a tendon
  • Actuatorv3An actuator is a device or mechanism that converts supplied energy and a command into mechanical force, torque, or motion.
  • OpenSciencev2OpenScience is an open-source, model-agnostic AI research workbench built by Synthetic Sciences, a San Francisco startup in Y Combinator's Winter 2026 batch.
  • Planetary gear trainv2A planetary gear train, also called an epicyclic gear train, is a gear reduction mechanism built from small "planet" gears that mesh with, and orbit around
  • Quasi-direct drivev2Quasi-direct drive (commonly abbreviated QDD) is an actuator architecture that pairs a high-torque-density electric motor, typically a large-diameter brushless DC motor, with a low-ratio mechanical transmission
  • Crossed-roller bearingv2A crossed-roller bearing is a precision rolling element bearing that packs cylindrical rollers into a single V-shaped raceway
  • Ball screwv2A ball screw is a mechanical linear-motion device that converts the rotary motion of a shaft into precise straight-line motion
  • Planetary roller screwv2A planetary roller screw is a precision mechanical component that converts rotary motion into linear motion by running a ring of threaded steel rollers between a central screw shaft and a surrounding nut
  • LM Evaluation Harnessv5LM Evaluation Harness (the Language Model Evaluation Harness, often abbreviated lm-eval or written lm-evaluation-harness) is an open-source software framework for measuring the performance of large language…
  • Harness (AI)v10Harness, in artificial intelligence, is the software scaffolding that wraps a machine learning model, most often a large language model
  • GENISOM AIv2GENISOM AI is a Chinese embodied-intelligence company that develops and mass-produces four-legged robots, the machines popularly called robot dogs.
  • Deep Agentsv3Deep Agents is an open-source agent harness developed by LangChain for long-running, complex, multi-step, non-deterministic tasks such as research, coding, and go-to-market automation.
  • Claude Sciencev5Claude Science is an artificial intelligence research workbench released by Anthropic on June 30, 2026.
  • Huawei Ascend 910Bv4The Huawei Ascend 910B is a data-center AI accelerator designed by Huawei's HiSilicon unit that became China's most widely deployed domestic alternative to restricted NVIDIA data-center GPUs across roughly…
  • Stepper motorv2A stepper motor (also called a stepping motor) is an electric motor that converts a sequence of electrical pulses into discrete mechanical steps rather than smooth continuous rotation.
  • Axial flux motorv2An axial flux motor is an electric motor in which the magnetic flux crossing the gap between rotor and stator runs parallel to the shaft, rather than radiating outward from it as in a conventional motor.
  • Coreless motorv2A coreless motor, also called an ironless motor, is a small electric motor whose rotor, the spinning part, carries a self-supporting winding of copper wire with no iron core wound inside it.
  • Servo motorv2A servo motor is a motor operated inside a closed feedback loop: a controller sends a target position, speed, or torque, a sensor, typically a rotary encoder, reports what the motor actually did, and the…
  • Brushless DC motorv2A brushless DC motor (BLDC motor) is an electric motor design in which permanent magnets are mounted on the rotating rotor and an electronic controller switches current through stationary stator windings to…
  • Claude Fable 5 is a large language model developed by Anthropic and released on June 9, 2026, as the first publicly available model in a new "Mythos class" that the company describes as "a tier of Claude…
  • Best AI Writing Toolsv2As of July 2026, the best all-purpose AI writing assistant is Claude, which produces the most natural, lowest-edit prose of the major assistants and is the pick when writing quality itself is the deciding…
  • AI Accelerator Comparison (H100 vs B200 vs MI300 vs TPU)v3As of July 2026, the best AI accelerator depends on the metric you care about, so the honest answer to "H100 vs B200 vs MI300 vs TPU" is not a single winner.
  • LLM Benchmark Comparison (Leaderboard Overview)v2As of July 2026, no single model wins every LLM benchmark, but Anthropic's Claude Fable 5 tops the most: it currently leads MMLU-Pro (91.5%), SWE-bench Verified (95.0%), Humanity's Last Exam in both the…
  • Best AI Voice Generators (Text-to-Speech)v4As of July 2026, there is no single best AI voice generator: the right text-to-speech (TTS) tool depends on the job.
  • Largest AI Funding Rounds and Valuationsv1As of July 2026, the largest AI funding round on record is OpenAI's $122 billion raise, which closed in March 2026 at an $852 billion post-money valuation, the biggest private financing in history.
  • Best AI Music Generatorsv2As of July 2026, the best AI music generator overall is Suno: its v5.5 model produces the most natural vocals, the deepest editing toolkit (Suno Studio, an AI-native DAW with stem separation and MIDI export)…
  • Cloud AI GPU Pricing Comparisonv6Cloud AI GPU pricing is difficult to compare from a headline hourly rate alone. Providers sell different GPU variants, node sizes, CPU and memory bundles, regions, network configurations, and purchase models.
  • Best AI Models for Reasoning and Mathv2As of July 2026, the strongest general reasoning models are Anthropic's Claude Opus 4.8 and Claude Fable 5, OpenAI's GPT-5.5, and Google's Gemini 3.1 Pro and Gemini 3 Pro in its Deep Think mode
  • Best AI Agent Frameworksv2As of July 2026, the best all-around framework for building agentic LLM applications is LangGraph 1.0, the graph-based orchestration layer that reached its first stable release on October 22, 2025 and runs…
  • Best AI Video Generatorsv2As of July 2026, the best AI video generator overall is ByteDance's Seedance 2.0, which sits at number one on the Artificial Analysis image-to-video arena (Elo 1345) and on its text-to-video-with-audio board…
  • GPT Model Timeline (GPT-1 to GPT-5.x)v2OpenAI's GPT lineage runs from GPT-1 (June 2018, 117 million parameters, a 512-token context window) to the GPT-5.6 "Sol, Terra, Luna" family that entered limited preview on June 26, 2026.
  • Best Small Language Modelsv2As of July 2026, the two strongest small language models (open models under 15 billion parameters) are Google DeepMind's Gemma 4 12B and Alibaba's Qwen3.5-9B.
  • Best AI Search Enginesv2As of July 2026, the best AI search engine overall for research and citations is Perplexity, which runs its own web index and answers every query with numbered source links.
  • LLM Size and Parameter Comparisonv3As of July 2026, OpenAI has never officially disclosed how many parameters GPT-5 has, and no GPT-5.x version ships a public size
  • Best Local and On-Device LLMsv2As of July 2026, the best local LLM to run offline depends almost entirely on how much memory you can give it, so this guide ranks picks by hardware tier.
  • Best AI Image Generatorsv2As of July 2026, the best all-around AI image generator is GPT Image 2 from OpenAI.
  • Open-Weight LLM License Comparisonv3As of July 2026, the open-weight LLMs that are genuinely free for commercial use with no strings attached are the ones released under standard, OSI-approved licenses: Apache-2.0 (Alibaba's Qwen3, most of…
  • AI Model Release Timeline (2022-2026)v2The pace of frontier AI model releases went from a single landmark launch in late 2022 to a new flagship roughly every one to two weeks by 2026.
  • Gemini vs ChatGPTv4As of July 28, 2026, neither Gemini nor ChatGPT is the better choice for every user. They are products whose available models, tools, limits, and integrations differ by plan.
  • DeepSeek vs Llama vs Qwenv4DeepSeek, Llama, and Qwen are families of large language models, not single systems. DeepSeek announced V4 as a preview on April 24, 2026.
  • ChatGPT vs Claude vs Gemini vs Grokv4Comparison date: July 28, 2026. Product access, model routing, prices, and features can change. This article separates the consumer products from the models and APIs available through them.
  • Best AI Coding Assistantsv6As of 23 September 2026, the two tools at the top of the official Terminal-Bench 4.0 leaderboard are OpenAI's Codex and Anthropic's Claude Code.
  • LLM Context Window Comparisonv2As of July 2026, the largest context window ever announced belongs to Magic's LTM-2-mini at 100,000,000 tokens (100M), but it is a research prototype that has never been publicly released.
  • LLM API Pricing Comparisonv9Every figure in this article is a US dollar list rate per 1,000,000 tokens, taken from the provider's own pricing page.
  • Claude vs ChatGPTv3As of July 2026, neither Claude nor ChatGPT is universally better: the honest answer depends on the task.
  • Best Open-Source LLMsv2As of July 2026, the strongest open-weight large language model overall is GLM-5.2 from Z.ai (Zhipu AI), which tops the Artificial Analysis open-weight Intelligence Index at 51 and leads all open models on…