GLM-4.5
GLM-4.5 is an open-weights large language model released by Zhipu AI (operating internationally as Z.ai) on July 28, 2025, built on a 355-billion-parameter Mixture of Experts architecture that activates 32…
Large Language Models
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Showing 61-120 of 184 articles
GLM-4.6
GLM-4.6 is a flagship open-weight large language model released by Zhipu AI under its international brand Z.ai on September 30, 2025, built on a sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture with roughly 357…
GLM-5
GLM-5 is an open-weight flagship large language model released by the Chinese AI company Zhipu AI, under its international brand Z.ai, on February 11, 2026.
GLM-5.3
GLM-5.3 is a text-input and text-output large language model from Z.ai, available through hosted services and downloadable checkpoints.
GLM-5.3-Flash
GLM-5.3-Flash is an open-weight, natively multimodal mixture-of-experts large language model released by Z.ai on August 26, 2026.
GPT
GPT, short for Generative Pre-trained Transformer, is the name of a model family developed by OpenAI.
GPT Model Timeline (GPT-1 to GPT-5.x)
OpenAI's GPT lineage runs from GPT-1 (June 2018, 117 million parameters, a 512-token context window) to the GPT-5.6 "Sol, Terra, Luna" family that entered limited preview on June 26, 2026.
GPT-3.5
GPT-3.5 is a family of large language models developed by OpenAI. OpenAI used the name for the series from which it fine-tuned the model behind the original ChatGPT research preview, launched on November 30
GPT-4 Turbo
GPT-4 Turbo is a family of large language models released by OpenAI as a faster, cheaper, and longer-context variant of GPT-4.
GPT-4.1
GPT-4.1 is a family of multimodal large language models developed by OpenAI and announced on April 14, 2025, with a 1 million token context window and a SWE-bench Verified coding score of 54.6%
GPT-4.1 mini
GPT-4.1 mini is a large language model developed by OpenAI and released on April 14, 2025 as the mid-size member of the GPT-4.1 family.
GPT-4.5
GPT-4.5 is a large language model developed by OpenAI and released as a research preview on February 27, 2025, then deprecated and removed from the API on July 14, 2025, less than five months later.
GPT-5
GPT-5 is a family of proprietary large language models released by OpenAI on August 7, 2025.
GPT-5.1
GPT-5.1 is a family of large language models developed by OpenAI and released on November 12, 2025.
GPT-5.2
GPT-5.2 is a large language model developed by OpenAI and released on December 11, 2025. It is the second major update to the GPT-5 series, succeeding GPT-5.1, which had been released about a month earlier.
GPT-5.3
GPT-5.3 is a family of large language models released by OpenAI in February and March 2026 as part of the GPT-5 lineage.
GPT-5.4
GPT-5.4 is a large language model developed by OpenAI and released on March 5, 2026.
GPT-5.5
GPT-5.5 is a large language model developed by OpenAI and released on April 23, 2026.
GPT-5.6
GPT-5.6 is a family of proprietary multimodal large language models developed by OpenAI. The family entered a limited preview on June 26, 2026, and became generally available on July 9, 2026.
GPT-6 Astra
GPT-6 Astra is an OpenAI model that the company began rolling out on September 3, 2026, describing it as "the world's most intelligent and aligned model" and as the successor to the GPT-5.6 family.
Gemini 2.5 Flash
Gemini 2.5 Flash is a fast, cost-optimized multimodal large language model developed by Google DeepMind and the mid-tier member of the Gemini 2.5 family.
Gemini 2.5 Pro
Gemini 2.5 Pro is the flagship reasoning large language model of Google's Gemini 2.5 family, developed by Google DeepMind and first released as an experimental preview on March 25, 2025
Gemini 3
Gemini 3 is the third major generation of the Gemini family of multimodal models from Google DeepMind, launched on November 18, 2025 with Gemini 3 Pro as the flagship and described by Google as "our most…
Gemini 3 Flash
Gemini 3 Flash is a multimodal large language model released by Google on December 17, 2025 as the fast, lower-cost sibling to Gemini 3 Pro in the Gemini 3 family.
Gemini 3.6 Flash
Gemini 3.6 Flash is a proprietary, multimodal large language model released by Google on July 21, 2026. It belongs to the Gemini 3 series and uses the stable API identifier gemini-3.6-flash.
Gemini 3.7 Flash
Gemini 3.7 Flash is a proprietary, multimodal large language model released by Google on August 13, 2026.
Gemini 3.8 Flash
Gemini 3.8 Flash is a multimodal model in Google's Gemini family. Google DeepMind released it on September 2, 2026 as a generally available model for software engineering, tool-using agents, and knowledge work.
Gemini 3.8 Flash Cyber
Gemini 3.8 Flash Cyber is a restricted-access model for AI in cybersecurity in Google's Gemini family. Google DeepMind announced it on September 2, 2026 alongside the generally available Gemini 3.8 Flash.
Gemini vs ChatGPT
As of July 28, 2026, neither Gemini nor ChatGPT is the better choice for every user. They are products whose available models, tools, limits, and integrations differ by plan.
Gemma 2
Gemma 2 is a family of open-weights large language models developed by Google DeepMind and released starting June 27, 2024, in three parameter sizes: 2 billion (2B), 9 billion (9B), and 27 billion (27B).
Gemma 3
Gemma 3 is a family of open-weight large language models developed by Google DeepMind and released on March 12, 2025.
Gopher (language model)
Gopher is a 280-billion-parameter autoregressive transformer language model developed by DeepMind and described in a trio of companion papers released on December 8, 2021.
Grok 3
Grok 3 is a family of large language models released by xAI, Elon Musk's artificial intelligence company, on February 17, 2025.
Grok 4
Grok 4 is a large language model developed by xAI and released on July 9, 2025. It is the fourth major generation of the Grok model family and was positioned as xAI's most capable model to date at its release.
Grok 4.1
Grok 4.1 is a large language model developed by xAI, released on November 17, 2025.
Grok 4.3
Grok 4.3 is a frontier large language model developed by xAI, released through the company's API on April 30, 2026 and rolled out to general availability the following week.
Grok 4.5
Grok 4.5 is a proprietary multimodal large language model and reasoning model in the Grok family. It was developed by SpaceXAI in collaboration with Cursor and released through the xAI API on July 8, 2026.
Grok 4.6
Grok 4.6 is a proprietary large language model and reasoning model in the Grok family, developed by SpaceXAI and released jointly with Cursor through the xAI API on August 12, 2026.
Grok Code Fast
Grok Code Fast is a family of coding-specialized large language models from xai, the artificial intelligence company founded by elon musk.
Harvey Tenet
Harvey Tenet is a legal-domain large language model derived from Kimi K3 and post-trained by Harvey with Fireworks AI. Harvey described the system in an Aug.
Hermes 4
Hermes 4 is a family of open-weight large language models released by Nous Research in late August 2025.
Huawei PanGu
PanGu (盘古, sometimes written Pangu) is a family of large AI models developed by Huawei, primarily through Huawei Cloud and Huawei's Noah's Ark Lab (诺亚方舟实验室).
Hunyuan
Hunyuan is Tencent's brand for its foundation models, an umbrella covering large language models, video generation, image synthesis, 3D asset creation, and multimodal reasoning.
Hy4 Preview
Hy4 Preview is an open-weight large language model released by the Tencent Hy Team on August 28, 2026.
IBM Granite
IBM Granite is a family of open foundation models built by IBM for enterprise use, released under the permissive Apache 2.0 license and delivered through IBM's watsonx platform.
IBM Granite 4.0
IBM Granite 4.0 is the fourth generation of IBM's Granite family of open-weight enterprise large language models, released on October 2, 2025.
Inflection 3
Inflection 3 is the third-generation family of large language models developed by Inflection AI, announced on October 7, 2024.
Inkling (Thinking Machines Lab)
Inkling is a multimodal large language model released on 2026-07-15 by Thinking Machines Lab, the startup founded by former OpenAI chief technology officer Mira Murati.
InternVL3
InternVL3 is an open-weights family of multimodal AI large language models released on April 11, 2025 by OpenGVLab, the general vision team associated with Shanghai AI Laboratory.
Jamba Reasoning 3B
Jamba Reasoning 3B is an open-weight small reasoning model released by the Israeli artificial-intelligence company AI21 Labs on October 8, 2025 .
Jamba2
Jamba2 is the second generation of hybrid State Space Model and Transformer language models released by AI21 Labs on January 8, 2026.
Jet-Nemotron
Jet-Nemotron is a family of small hybrid-architecture language models released by NVIDIA Research in August 2025.
Kimi K1.5
Kimi K1.5 is a multimodal reasoning large language model developed by Moonshot AI, a Beijing-based artificial intelligence company.
Kimi K2
Kimi K2 is an open-weights Mixture of Experts language model from Moonshot AI, a Beijing startup, released on July 11, 2025 with 1.04 trillion total parameters and 32.6 billion activated per token
Kimi K2.5
Kimi K2.5 is an open-weights, natively multimodal large language model developed by Moonshot AI and released on January 27, 2026 .
Kimi K2.7-Code
Kimi K2.7-Code is an open-weight, coding-focused agentic model released by Moonshot AI on 2026-06-12.
Kimi K3
Kimi K3 is an open-weight multimodal reasoning model developed by Moonshot AI. Moonshot made the model available through its hosted products on July 16, 2026 and published the weights, code, configuration…
Kimi Linear
Kimi Linear is a hybrid linear attention architecture published by Moonshot AI on October 30, 2025, together with a 48-billion-parameter mixture-of-experts model that activates 3 billion parameters per token.
LLM Context Window Comparison
As of July 2026, the largest context window ever announced belongs to Magic's LTM-2-mini at 100,000,000 tokens (100M), but it is a research prototype that has never been publicly released.
LLM Size and Parameter Comparison
As of July 2026, OpenAI has never officially disclosed how many parameters GPT-5 has, and no GPT-5.x version ships a public size