Large Language Models
Explore language models, how they work, and the techniques used to build applications with them.
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Showing 121-165 of 165 articles
Phi-4
Phi-4 is a 14-billion-parameter small language model developed by Microsoft Research and released in December 2024, designed to match or beat models several times its size on reasoning tasks by training…
Phi-4 Reasoning
Phi-4-reasoning is a 14 billion parameter open weight reasoning model released by Microsoft Research on April 30, 2025.
Phi-4-mini
Phi-4-mini is a 3.8 billion parameter open weight small language model released by Microsoft on February 26, 2025, under the permissive MIT license.
Phi-4-mini-flash-reasoning
Phi-4-mini-flash-reasoning is a 3.8 billion parameter open weight reasoning model released by Microsoft in July 2025.
Pixtral
Pixtral is a family of multimodal vision-language models developed by Mistral AI, a French AI company founded in April 2023.
Pixtral Large
Pixtral Large is a 124-billion-parameter multimodal (vision-language) large language model released by Mistral AI on November 18, 2024.
Proprietary vs. Open Source Large Language Models (LLMs)
The split between proprietary and open-source large language models (LLMs) is one of the defining structural choices in modern artificial intelligence.
QwQ
QwQ is a family of open-weight reasoning models from the Qwen team at Alibaba Cloud, built to compete with OpenAI's o1 and DeepSeek-R1 at a fraction of their size.
Qwen
Qwen is a family of large language models and multimodal models developed by the Qwen Team at Alibaba Cloud.
Qwen2
Qwen2 is the second major generation of open large language models developed by the Qwen team at Alibaba Cloud, released on 6 June 2024.
Qwen2.5
Qwen2.5 is a family of open-weight large language models that Alibaba Cloud's Qwen team released on 19 September 2024, spanning seven dense sizes from 0.5 billion to 72 billion parameters, pretrained on…
Qwen2.5-Math
Qwen2.5-Math is a family of mathematics-specialized large language models developed by the Qwen team at Alibaba Cloud and released in September 2024.
Qwen3
Qwen3 is the third-generation family of large language models developed by the Qwen Team at Alibaba Cloud (also known as Tongyi Qianwen lab).
Qwen3 Embedding
Qwen3 Embedding is a family of open text embedding and reranking models released by Alibaba's Qwen team in June 2025.
Qwen3-Coder
Qwen3-Coder is a family of open-weight large language models specialized for software engineering, developed by Alibaba's Qwen team (Tongyi Lab) and released under the Apache 2.0 license.
Qwen3-Next
Qwen3-Next is an efficiency-focused large language model and model architecture released in September 2025 by the Qwen team at Alibaba Cloud.
Qwen3-Omni
Qwen3-Omni is a natively end-to-end omni-modal foundation model developed by the Qwen team at Alibaba Cloud, capable of understanding text, images, audio, and video and generating both text and natural speech…
Qwen3-VL
Qwen3-VL is a family of open-weight vision-language models built by the Qwen team at Alibaba Cloud, first released in September 2025.
Qwen3.5
Qwen3.5 is a family of open-weight large language models developed by the Qwen team at Alibaba, the successor to the Qwen3 series.
Qwen3.6
Qwen3.6 is a generation of large language models from the Qwen team at Alibaba, released in April 2026 as the successor to Qwen3.5.
Qwen3.8-Flash-Next
Qwen3.8-Flash-Next is an experimental open-weight multimodal large language model released by Alibaba Group's Qwen team on August 26, 2026.
RWKV-7 (Goose)
RWKV-7, codenamed Goose, is an attention-free, RNN-style large-language-model architecture introduced in March 2025 that runs inference in linear time with constant memory per token while still training in…
RecurrentGemma
RecurrentGemma is a family of open-weight language models released by Google DeepMind that is built on the Griffin architecture rather than the standard Transformer.
RefinedWeb
RefinedWeb is a large-scale English pretraining dataset for large language models, built from filtered and deduplicated Common Crawl web data alone and released in June 2023 by the Technology Innovation…
Reka Flash
Reka Flash is a family of multimodal large language models developed by Reka AI, a San Francisco Bay Area research company founded in 2022 by former researchers from Google DeepMind, Meta FAIR, and Google.
Ring-1T
Ring-1T is an open-weight reasoning model released in October 2025 by inclusionAI, the open-source research initiative associated with Ant Group
SlimPajama
SlimPajama is a 627-billion-token English-language pre-training corpus for large language models, produced by Cerebras Systems in collaboration with the Opentensor Foundation by extensively cleaning and…
SmolLM
SmolLM is a family of small, fully open language models released by Hugging Face on July 16, 2024 in three sizes, 135 million, 360 million, and 1.7 billion parameters, all trained on a curated open dataset…
SmolLM 2
SmolLM 2 is a family of compact open-weight language models released by Hugging Face on November 1, 2024.
SmolLM 3
SmolLM 3 is a fully open 3 billion parameter language model released by Hugging Face on July 8, 2025, trained on 11.2 trillion tokens and designed as a small, multilingual, long-context reasoner.
Snowflake Arctic
Snowflake Arctic is an open large language model released by Snowflake AI Research on April 24, 2024.
StarCoder
StarCoder is a family of open-access large language models for code generation and code understanding, developed by the BigCode project, an open scientific collaboration led by Hugging Face and ServiceNow.
TxT360
TxT360 is an open large-scale pretraining corpus for large language models, released in October 2024 by the LLM360 project, a collaboration led by Petuum and the Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial…
Vicuna (language model)
Vicuna is a family of chat-tuned, open-weight large language models released by LMSYS in 2023. The first public model, Vicuna-13B v0, was announced on March 30, 2023.
Voxtral
Voxtral is a family of speech models from Mistral AI. The original open-weight speech-understanding release arrived on July 15, 2025 under the Apache 2.0 license.
We Have No Moat, And Neither Does OpenAI
"We Have No Moat, And Neither Does OpenAI" is an internal Google document from April 2023 arguing that neither Google nor OpenAI held a durable competitive advantage in large language models
WizardLM
WizardLM is a family of open-weights instruction-tuned LLaMA-derived large language models and an associated data-synthesis methodology, both produced by a research group at Microsoft led by Can Xu.
Yi (language model)
Yi is a series of open, bilingual (English and Chinese) large language models developed by the Chinese startup 01.AI (Chinese: 零一万物, Lingyiwanwu), the company founded in March 2023 by Kai-Fu Lee.
ZAYA1-8B
ZAYA1-8B is an open-weight, reasoning-focused Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language model released by San Francisco-based AI research lab Zyphra on May 6, 2026.
Zyphra
Zyphra is an American artificial intelligence research and product company headquartered in San Francisco, California, with a secondary office in London.
dots3-note Preview
dots3-note Preview is an open-weight multimodal model and large language model developed by dots studio, an AI team at Xiaohongshu.
gpt-oss
gpt-oss is a family of open-weight large language models released by OpenAI on August 5, 2025, and OpenAI's first open-weight language models since GPT-2 in 2019.
llama.cpp
llama.cpp is an open-source large language model inference engine written in C and C++ by Bulgarian software engineer Georgi Gerganov that runs large language models on consumer-grade hardware without…
mT5
mT5 (multilingual T5) is a transformer-based encoder-decoder language model released by Google Research in October 2020 that covers 101 languages in a single model, pre-trained on a Common Crawl corpus called…