Thursday, July 23, 2026
- AI in retail and e-commercev3AI in retail and e-commerce refers to the use of artificial intelligence techniques across the retail value chain, from how products are recommended and...
- Sensitive Attributev4A sensitive attribute (also called a protected attribute or protected characteristic) is any feature in a dataset that corresponds to a legally or ethically...
- Semi-Supervised Learningv9See also: Machine learning terms Semi-supervised learning is a machine learning approach that trains a model on a small amount of labeled data together with a...
- AI in self-improvementv3AI in self-improvement refers to the use of artificial intelligence, and since 2023 especially generative AI built on large language models, in consumer...
- Self-trainingv7See also: Machine learning terms Self-training is a semi-supervised learning procedure in which a model trained on a small labeled set is used to generate...
- Shrinkagev5See also: Machine learning terms Shrinkage in machine learning and statistics is a regularization technique that deliberately pulls model coefficient estimates...
- Shopping ChatGPT Pluginsv4See also: ChatGPT Plugins, ChatGPT Plugin Categories and Shopping Shopping ChatGPT Plugins were a now-deprecated set of third party tools, published in the...
- Sequence-to-Sequence Taskv10See also: Machine learning terms, Natural language processing, Recurrent neural network A sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) task is any machine learning problem...
- Search Engine ChatGPT Pluginsv4See also: ChatGPT Plugins, ChatGPT Plugin Categories and Search Engine Search engine ChatGPT plugins were a class of third party and first party extensions for...
- Self-Supervised Learningv9See also: Machine learning terms Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a machine learning approach in which a model learns representations from unlabeled data by...
- Sentiment Analysisv9See also: Machine learning terms Sentiment analysis, also called opinion mining or emotion AI, is the use of natural language processing to automatically...
- Segment Anything Model and Dataset (SAM and SA-1B)v8See also: Papers, Models and Datasets See also: Computer Vision Papers, Computer Vision Models and Computer Vision Datasets Website Dataset GitHub --- ---...
- Sequence Modelv8A sequence model is a class of machine learning models that processes, generates, or predicts ordered data where the position and surrounding context of each...
- Sentence Similarity Modelsv5Sentence similarity models are machine learning systems that map natural language sentences to fixed-length numerical vectors (sentence embeddings) so that...
- Shape (Tensor)v4See also: Machine learning terms, Tensor, Tensor size In machine learning, the shape of a tensor is the tuple of integers giving the size of the tensor along...
- Science ChatGPT Pluginsv4Science ChatGPT plugins were a group of third-party tools that extended ChatGPT with the ability to perform exact computation, fetch peer-reviewed literature,...
- Scalingv8See also: Machine learning terms, scaling laws, test-time compute In machine learning and artificial intelligence, scaling is an umbrella term for several...
- Sampling with replacementv7Sampling with replacement is a method of drawing items from a population in which each selected item is returned to the pool before the next draw, so the same...
- Scalarv9See also: vector, matrix, tensor, linear algebra, gradient descent A scalar is a single numerical value, a quantity with magnitude but no direction, and the...
- Runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5 modelv7See also: Stable Diffusion, Stable Diffusion XL, Latent Diffusion Value --- runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5 (deprecated) Active community mirrors Runway...
- Robotics Modelsv4Robotics models are machine learning systems that give robots the ability to perceive their surroundings, plan actions, and execute motor control. They span...
- Rotational invariancev4See also: Machine learning terms Rotational invariance is the property of a model, function, or feature whose output does not change when the input is rotated....
- Rootv4See also: Machine learning terms In machine learning, the root is the starting node of a decision tree: the single topmost node that holds the entire training...
- Scoringv4See also: Machine learning terms Scoring is the process of applying a trained machine learning model to data so it produces an output number, either a...
- SEO ChatGPT Pluginsv4See also: ChatGPT Plugins, ChatGPT Plugin Categories and SEO SEO ChatGPT Plugins were a group of third-party extensions for ChatGPT that handled search engine...
- Saverv4See also: Machine learning terms In machine learning, a Saver is a utility or class that persists and restores the state of a model, its variables, and its...
- Sampling Biasv7Sampling bias is a systematic error in statistics and machine learning that occurs when a sample is collected so that some members of the intended population...
- Search Enginev4A search engine is a software system that retrieves information from a corpus (the web, a private dataset, or a document store) and ranks results by relevance...
- SWE-benchv12Software Engineering Benchmark Abbreviation A benchmark for evaluating large language models and AI agents on real-world software engineering tasks from...
- Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE)v5See also: Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), also known as root mean square deviation (RMSD), is a regression...
- SEOv4See also: SEO ChatGPT Plugins Search engine optimization (SEO) is the practice of preparing websites and other content so that search engines surface them in...
- SWE-bench Verifiedv7Software Engineering Benchmark, Verified subset Abbreviation A 500-task, human-validated subset of SWE-bench for evaluating AI agents on real-world GitHub...
- Research & Analysisv5Research & Analysis in the AI sense refers to the use of artificial intelligence, especially large language models paired with retrieval-augmented generation,...
- Recall (metric)v6See also: Machine learning terms Recall is a classification and retrieval metric that measures the proportion of actual positive instances a model correctly...
- Regularization Ratev9The regularization rate (commonly denoted as or alpha) is a hyperparameter that controls the strength of the penalty applied to a model's parameters during...
- Reporting Biasv4See also: Machine learning terms, Bias, Selection bias Reporting bias is a type of data bias in machine learning that occurs when the frequency of events,...
- ReasoningBankv5ReasoningBank is a novel memory framework for Large language model (LLM) AI agents that enables continuous self-improvement by distilling generalizable...
- Rewardv8See also: Reinforcement Learning, Policy, Q-Learning, Bellman Equation In reinforcement learning (RL), a reward is a scalar feedback signal that an environment...
- Regularizationv10See also: Machine learning terms Regularization is a set of techniques used in machine learning to prevent overfitting by adding constraints or penalties...
- Representationv6See also: Machine learning terms A representation in machine learning is the format in which a data example is encoded before a model processes it: the same...
- Return (Reinforcement Learning)v7In reinforcement learning, the return (commonly denoted ) is the total cumulative reward an agent receives from time step onward, usually with future...
- Ridge Regularizationv7Ridge regularization, also known as L2 regularization or Tikhonov regularization, is a technique in statistics and machine learning that adds a squared L2-norm...
- Recommendation Systemv10See also: Machine learning terms A recommendation system (also called a recommender system) is an information filtering system that predicts a user's...
- Regression (statistics and machine learning)v7Regression is a family of statistical and machine learning methods for modelling the relationship between a numeric outcome variable and one or more...
- AI and religionv3See also: Religion ChatGPT Plugins AI and religion refers to the use of artificial intelligence within religious life and to the responses that faith...
- Religion ChatGPT Pluginsv3See also: ChatGPT Plugins, ChatGPT Plugin Categories and Religion Religion ChatGPT Plugins were a small topical grouping inside the ChatGPT plugin catalogue...
- Recursive self-improvementv7Recursive self-improvement (RSI) is a process in which an artificial intelligence system improves its own intelligence or its ability to improve itself, so...
- Recurrent Neural Networkv11See also: Machine learning terms A recurrent neural network (RNN) is a class of artificial neural network designed to process sequential data by maintaining an...
- Reinforcement learningv15Reinforcement learning (RL) is a branch of machine learning in which an agent learns to make decisions by taking actions in an environment to maximize a...
- Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU)v10See also: Activation function, Deep learning, Neural network The Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) is the most widely used activation function in deep learning,...
- Reflection AIv7Private company Industry March 2024 Founders 300 Kent Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, United States Offices Misha Laskin (CEO), Ioannis Alexandros...
- Replay Bufferv6A replay buffer (also called an experience replay buffer or replay memory) is a fixed-size memory that stores an off-policy reinforcement learning agent's past...
- Question Answering Modelsv5See also: Natural Language Processing Models and Tasks Question answering (QA) models are natural language processing systems that take a natural-language...
- Random Policyv7See also: Reinforcement Learning, Policy, Epsilon Greedy Policy, Q-Learning A random policy is a reinforcement learning policy that chooses actions from a...
- Quantile bucketingv4See also: Discretization, Feature engineering, Quantile Quantile bucketing, also called quantile binning, equal-frequency binning, or quantile discretization,...
- Quantizationv7Quantization in machine learning and artificial intelligence is the process of reducing the numerical precision of a neural network's parameters (weights,...
- Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF)v10Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is a machine learning technique that trains artificial intelligence systems to behave according to human...
- Rank (Tensor)v4See also: Machine learning terms In machine learning and deep learning frameworks, the rank of a tensor is the number of dimensions (axes) it has: the count of...
- Raterv5See also: Machine learning terms A rater is a person (or, increasingly, a model) who assigns labels, scores, or judgments to data items so those items can be...
- Quantilev4See also: Machine learning terms A quantile is a cut point that divides a probability distribution or a sorted dataset into intervals containing equal portions...
- RNNv9See also: Machine learning terms RNN is the standard abbreviation for recurrent neural network, a class of artificial neural network in which connections...
- ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) Curvev8A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve is a graph that measures how well a binary classification system separates two classes by plotting its true...
- Qwenv10Qwen is a family of open-source and proprietary large language models (LLMs) and multimodal models developed by Alibaba Cloud, the cloud computing division of...
- Re-rankingv4See also: Machine learning terms, Ranking, Information Retrieval Re-ranking, also written as reranking, is the second stage of a two-stage information...
- Real Estate ChatGPT Pluginsv4See also: ChatGPT Plugins, ChatGPT Plugin Categories and Real Estate Real Estate ChatGPT Plugins were a topical grouping inside the ChatGPT plugin catalogue...
- Rank (ordinality)v5See also: Machine learning terms In machine learning and statistics, rank or ordinality describes data whose values have a meaningful order but whose spacing...
- ReLUv10See also: Machine learning terms ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit) is an activation function used in neural networks, defined by the formula : it passes positive...
- Random Forestv11See also: Machine learning terms A random forest is a supervised machine learning algorithm that builds many decision trees on random subsets of the data and...
- Quantum processorv5A quantum processing unit (QPU), also called a quantum processor, is the hardware component of a quantum computer that holds and manipulates qubits to perform...
- Rankingv5See also: Information retrieval, Re-ranking, Recommendation system Ranking in machine learning, often called learning to rank (LTR), is the supervised task of...
- Queuev4See also: Machine learning terms A queue in machine learning is a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) data structure that stages and buffers data between an input/output...
- Predictionv6See also: Machine learning terms Prediction in machine learning is the output a trained model produces when it is applied to new, previously unseen input. A...
- Predictive Parityv5Predictive parity is a group fairness metric in machine learning that holds when a classifier's positive predictive value (PPV), also called precision, is...
- QPUv7A Quantum Processing Unit (QPU), also known as a quantum processor, is the core hardware component of a quantum computer that manipulates qubits using the...
- AI presentation toolsv5AI presentation tools are software products that use generative AI to create or assist in building slide decks. Given a short text prompt, a topic, an uploaded...
- Precision-Recall Curvev8A precision-recall curve (PR curve) is a graph that plots precision on the y-axis against recall on the x-axis at every possible classification threshold for a...
- Programming with ChatGPTv5Programming with ChatGPT is the practice of using OpenAI's conversational chatbot to read, write, refactor, document, debug, test, and explain source code in...
- Q-Learningv9See also: Machine learning terms Q-learning is a model-free, off-policy reinforcement learning algorithm that learns the value of taking a given action in a...
- Preprocessingv5See also: Machine learning terms, Feature engineering, Data augmentation Preprocessing is the stage of a machine learning workflow that transforms raw data...
- Predictive rate parityv6Predictive rate parity (PRP), also called predictive parity, predictive value parity, or the sufficiency criterion, is a group fairness metric in machine...
- Prior beliefv4See also: Bayes' theorem, Bayesian inference, Posterior, Likelihood A prior belief, also called the prior distribution or simply the prior, is the probability...
- Probabilistic Regression Modelv7A probabilistic regression model (also called distributional regression) is a regression model that outputs a full probability distribution over possible...
- Q-Functionv8The Q-function, also called the action-value function or state-action value function and written , is the function in reinforcement learning (RL) that returns...
- Q* OpenAIv5Q (pronounced Q-Star) is the reported, never-officially-detailed OpenAI research project that surfaced in news reports during the November 2023 leadership...
- Productivity ChatGPT Pluginsv4See also: ChatGPT Plugins, ChatGPT Plugin Categories and Productivity Productivity ChatGPT Plugins were a now-deprecated category of third-party extensions...
- Prediction Biasv4Prediction bias is the difference between the average of a machine learning model's predictions and the average of the ground-truth labels in a dataset. Stated...
- Programming Custom GPTsv5See also: Custom GPTs, GPT Store, ChatGPT, and OpenAI Programming Custom GPTs are no-code, specialized versions of ChatGPT that users configure to write,...
- Pipelinev4See also: Machine learning, MLOps, Model deployment This article is about machine learning pipelines (the end-to-end ML workflow). For splitting a model across...
- Photographyv4See also: Photography ChatGPT Plugins Artificial intelligence in photography covers a wide span of techniques, from the computational pipelines baked into...
- Perplexityv10Perplexity has two distinct meanings in the field of artificial intelligence. In natural language processing and information theory, perplexity (often...
- Podcasts ChatGPT Pluginsv3Podcasts ChatGPT plugins were a category of third-party extensions for ChatGPT that connected the chatbot to podcast search engines, episode transcripts, audio...
- Photography ChatGPT Pluginsv4See also: ChatGPT Plugins, ChatGPT Plugin Categories and Photography Photography ChatGPT Plugins were a small group of third-party extensions inside ChatGPT...
- Post-processingv5See also: Machine learning terms In machine learning, post-processing is any operation applied to a model's raw outputs after the prediction step but before...
- Poolingv8See also: convolutional neural network, convolutional layer, feature map, downsampling Pooling is a downsampling operation in neural networks that aggregates...
- PoisonGPTv3PoisonGPT is a July 2023 demonstration by the French security startup Mithril Security in which researchers surgically modified an open-source large language...
- Pre-Trained Modelv7A pre-trained model is a machine learning model that has already been trained on a large, general-purpose dataset and can then be reused, either as a fixed...
- Politics ChatGPT Pluginsv4Politics ChatGPT plugins were a small set of third-party tools that connected ChatGPT to legislative data, voting records, lobbying disclosures, party donation...
- Pipeliningv8See also: Machine learning terms Pipelining is a term used in two distinct senses within machine learning and artificial intelligence. The first refers to the...
- Pre-trainingv6Pre-training is the first and most compute-intensive stage of building a modern AI model: a neural network is trained on a massive, mostly unlabeled dataset...
- Policyv7See also: Reinforcement learning, Q-learning, Markov decision process In reinforcement learning (RL), a policy is the function that maps an agent's observed...
