Thursday, July 23, 2026
- LaMDAv7LaMDA (short for Language Model for Dialogue Applications) is a family of conversational large language models developed by Google, built on the Transformer architecture and fine-tuned for open-ended dialogue…
- Spatial Poolingv6Spatial pooling is a downsampling operation in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that replaces a local region of a feature map with a single summary statistic, such as the maximum or the average of the…
- Sparse Vectorv5A sparse vector is a vector in which most of the elements are zero, in contrast to a dense vector, in which most elements are non-zero.
- Splitv5A split in machine learning is a partitioning operation, and the word names two distinct things.
- L1 Lossv6L1 loss is a regression loss function equal to the average of the absolute differences between predicted values and target values, written as $$\frac{1}{n} \sum \lvert y_i - \hat{y}_i \rvert$$.
- LLM Rankingsv5LLM rankings order large language models from best to worst using one of two broad methods: human preference voting and fixed benchmark scoring.
- Generalizationv7Generalization in machine learning is the ability of a trained model to perform accurately on new, unseen data drawn from the same distribution as its training set
- LLM Benchmarks Timelinev4The LLM benchmarks timeline is the chronological record of the major tests used to evaluate large language models, from the BERT era reading-comprehension suites of 2018 to the agentic and frontier-reasoning…
- LLM Anxietyv7LLM anxiety is a measurable, anxiety-like behavioral state observed in large language models when they are exposed to emotionally distressing input, in which the model's scores on a standard human anxiety…
- LLM Comparisonsv4LLM comparison is the practice of ranking large language models against one another on quality, cost, speed, and specific skills, using public leaderboards, standardized benchmarks, human preference arenas…
- Gamingv5AI in gaming covers the artificial intelligence systems used inside games, the AI tools used to make games, and the AI agents that have learned to beat humans at games as research milestones.
- L0 Regularizationv6L0 regularization is a regularization technique in machine learning and statistics that penalizes the number of nonzero parameters in a model, a quantity written $$\lVert \theta \rVert_0$$.
- Gaming ChatGPT Pluginsv6Gaming ChatGPT Plugins were a topical grouping of third-party plugins that turned ChatGPT into a host for chess matches, word games, trivia, board game lookups, role-playing adventures, and video game…
- Generalized Linear Modelv4A generalized linear model (GLM) is a flexible extension of ordinary linear regression that allows the response variable to follow any distribution from the exponential family, not just the normal distribution
- L2 Regularizationv8L2 regularization is a technique in machine learning and statistics that penalizes large weight values by adding the sum of squared parameters, scaled by a strength factor $$\lambda$$, to the loss function.
- Generalization Curvev9A generalization curve (also called a learning curve) is a plot that visualizes how a machine learning model's performance on training data and unseen data changes as a function of some varying quantity, such…
- L2 Lossv5L2 loss is the squared-error loss function: for a true value $$y$$ and a predicted value $$\hat{y}$$, it is the squared difference $$(y - \hat{y})^2$$, and averaging it across a dataset gives the mean squared…
- LLaMA/Model Cardv4The Llama model card is the official documentation that Meta AI ships with each release of the Llama family of large language models.
- L1 Regularizationv6L1 regularization is a regularization technique in machine learning and statistics that prevents overfitting by adding the sum of the absolute values of a model's parameters as a penalty term to the loss…
- Dimension Reductionv10Dimensionality reduction, also known as dimension reduction, is the process of transforming data from a high-dimensional space into a lower-dimensional space while retaining as much of the meaningful structure…
- Discrete Featurev7A discrete feature is a feature (a variable in a dataset) that takes one of a finite or countably infinite set of distinct values, such as a category or an integer count
- ChatGPT Guidesv4ChatGPT Guides is the AI Wiki gateway to how-to material for ChatGPT, the conversational assistant built by OpenAI.
- Disparate Treatmentv5Disparate treatment is the intentional, less favorable treatment of an individual because of a protected attribute such as race, gender, age, religion, national origin, or disability, and in machine learning…
- ChatGPT Usesv4ChatGPT is a general purpose chat assistant built by OpenAI on top of the GPT family of large language models, and the tasks people use it for most are practical guidance, seeking information, and writing
- Discriminatorv7A discriminator is the neural network in a generative adversarial network (GAN) that is trained to tell real data apart from data produced by the generator
- ChatGPT Retrieval Pluginv4The ChatGPT Retrieval Plugin is an open-source reference implementation released by OpenAI on March 23, 2023, alongside the launch of the broader ChatGPT plugins ecosystem .
- Dimensionsv5In machine learning, the word "dimensions" is overloaded. Depending on the context, it can refer to the number of input features that describe a data point, the number of axes (rank) of a tensor, the width of…
- Digital Media ChatGPT Pluginsv4Digital Media ChatGPT Plugins were a topical grouping inside the ChatGPT plugin store that gathered third-party extensions for working with video, music, podcasts, audio, image filters, and streaming media…
- Disparate Impactv7Disparate impact is a legal and statistical concept describing situations where a seemingly neutral policy, practice, or algorithm produces disproportionately adverse outcomes for members of a protected class…
- Discriminative Modelv7A discriminative model is a class of machine learning model that learns the conditional probability distribution P(Y|X) directly, or learns a direct decision boundary mapping inputs X to output labels Y
- AA-LCRv4AA-LCR (Artificial Analysis Long Context Reasoning) is a benchmark for large language models that evaluates the ability to reason across multiple real-world documents totalling approximately 100,000 tokens per…
- A*v6A* (pronounced "A-star") is a best-first graph search algorithm that finds a least-cost path from a start node to a goal node.
- Charity ChatGPT Pluginsv3Charity ChatGPT Plugins were a small group of third-party extensions inside ChatGPT that helped the chatbot find, evaluate, and route money toward registered nonprofit organizations and grant programs.
- A/B Testingv6A/B testing (also called split testing, bucket testing, or an online controlled experiment) is a randomized controlled experiment that compares two variants, a control (A) and a treatment (B), by randomly…
- Charityv4Charity, nonprofit, and humanitarian work has become one of the most visible testbeds for applied artificial intelligence.
- CharXivv3CharXiv is a benchmark for evaluating chart understanding in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), built by researchers at Princeton Language and Intelligence with collaborators at the University of…
- 26 Principles of Good Promptsv4The 26 principles of good prompts are a set of 26 practical rules for writing prompts to large language models, introduced in the December 2023 paper Principled Instructions Are All You Need for Questioning…
- FORT Roboticsv2FORT Robotics is a Philadelphia-based technology company that builds safety and security infrastructure for autonomous machines, robots, and industrial vehicles.
- Robot navigationv4Robot navigation is the ability of a mobile robot to determine its own position in its environment, plan a path toward a goal, and execute that path while avoiding obstacles.
