3D NAND
3D NAND is the vertical architecture that NAND flash memory adopted when shrinking cells sideways stopped working.
Computer Science
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ACM A.M. Turing Award
The ACM A.M. Turing Award is an annual prize given by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) for, in the words of the official citation, "contributions of lasting and major technical importance to the…
Actor model
The actor model is a mathematical model of concurrent computation whose universal primitive is the actor: an autonomous, isolated entity that owns private state and communicates with other actors only by…
Ada Lovelace
Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace (born Augusta Ada Byron; 10 December 1815 to 27 November 1852), usually called Ada Lovelace
Allen Newell
Allen Newell (March 19, 1927 - July 19, 1992) was an American computer scientist and cognitive psychologist who co-created the Logic Theorist, widely described as the first artificial intelligence program, and…
Andrew Yao
Andrew Chi-Chih Yao (Chinese: 姚期智, Yao Qizhi; born December 24, 1946) is a computer scientist who received the 2000 ACM A.M. Turing Award and who has spent the past two decades building computer science and…
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the field of computer science dedicated to creating systems that perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, recognizing patterns…
Central processing unit
A central processing unit (CPU) is the general-purpose processor that executes a computer's instruction stream.
Common Lisp
Common Lisp is the ANSI-standardized dialect of the Lisp family and was, from the late 1980s through the early 1990s, the dominant programming language of symbolic AI research.
Computer-use agent
A computer-use agent (CUA) is a category of AI agent in artificial intelligence that performs tasks by directly operating a general-purpose computer's graphical user interface (GUI) the way a human does, by…
Cybernetics
Cybernetics is the study of control and communication in animals, machines, and organizations.
DRAM (Dynamic Random-Access Memory)
Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) is the working memory of nearly every computer built since the late 1970s, and the physical substrate on which modern AI hardware runs.
Data Science
Data science is an interdisciplinary field that uses statistics, programming, and domain expertise to extract knowledge and insights from structured and unstructured data.
Differential privacy
Differential privacy is a mathematical definition of privacy that guarantees the output of an analysis is essentially unchanged whether or not any single individual's record is included in the input
Gerald Jay Sussman
Gerald Jay Sussman (born February 8, 1947) is an American computer scientist and the Panasonic Professor of Electrical Engineering (formerly the Matsushita Professor) at the Massachusetts Institute of…
Homoiconicity
Homoiconicity is a property of a programming language in which the program itself is represented as an ordinary data structure of the language, so that code can be read, generated, and transformed at runtime…
Homomorphic encryption for machine learning
Homomorphic encryption for machine learning is the application of fully, somewhat, or leveled homomorphic encryption (FHE, SHE, LHE) so that a server can run machine learning computations, almost always…
Ion Stoica
Ion Stoica is a Romanian-American computer scientist, professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences at the University of California, Berkeley, and a serial entrepreneur whose academic and…
Jeff Dean
Jeffrey Adgate "Jeff" Dean (born 23 July 1968) is an American computer scientist who is a co-founder and the chief executive of Discovery Loop, a public benefit corporation whose stated mission is to automate…
Jim Keller
Jim Keller is a microprocessor architect who has led or co-led the design of several widely used processor families over four decades, and who has been chief executive of Tenstorrent since January 2023.
Knowledge representation and reasoning
Knowledge representation and reasoning (often abbreviated KR&R, or just KR) is the branch of artificial intelligence concerned with encoding facts about the world in a form a machine can manipulate, and with…
Lambda Calculus
Lambda calculus (often written λ-calculus) is a formal system in mathematical logic for expressing computation based on function abstraction and application using variable binding and substitution.
Lisp
Lisp (historically LISP, an acronym for "LISt Processor") is a family of programming languages, specified in 1958 by John McCarthy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Machine Learning
Machine learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence that gives computers the ability to learn from data and improve their performance on tasks without being explicitly programmed.
Multiple dispatch
Multiple dispatch (also called multimethods) is a programming-language feature in which the implementation of a function or method is selected at run time from the types of all of its arguments
NAND flash memory
NAND flash memory is the non-volatile storage technology that holds the data in solid-state drives, memory cards, USB sticks, phones and the flash tiers of a modern data center.
Nash equilibrium
A Nash equilibrium is a combination of strategies, one for each player in a game, such that no player can raise their own payoff by changing strategy alone while everyone else keeps theirs unchanged.
Pattern Recognition
Pattern recognition is the automatic discovery of regularities in data through the use of computer algorithms
Prolog
Prolog (a contraction of the French PROgrammation en LOGique) is a logic programming language, first implemented in 1972 by Alain Colmerauer's group at the Université d'Aix-Marseille, that is strongly…
QPU
A Quantum Processing Unit (QPU), also known as a quantum processor, is the core hardware component of a quantum computer that manipulates qubits using the principles of quantum mechanics to perform…
Quantum computing
Quantum computing is a model of computation that stores and manipulates information in quantum mechanical systems, using superposition, entanglement, and interference to solve certain problems with far fewer…
Quantum machine learning
Quantum machine learning (QML) is a research field that sits at the intersection of quantum computing and machine learning.
Quantum processor
A quantum processing unit (QPU), also called a quantum processor, is the hardware component of a quantum computer that holds and manipulates qubits to perform quantum logic operations.
SRAM
SRAM, or static random-access memory, is a semiconductor memory that stores each bit in a latch built from cross-coupled inverters.
Scheme
Scheme is a minimalist, multi-paradigm programming language and a dialect of Lisp, created in 1975 by Guy L. Steele Jr. and Gerald Jay Sussman at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.
Sketching
Sketching is a family of techniques in computer science, machine learning, and database systems that use small probabilistic data structures, called sketches
Sparse Vector
A sparse vector is a vector in which most of the elements are zero, in contrast to a dense vector, in which most elements are non-zero.
Stuart Russell
Stuart Jonathan Russell (born 1962) is a British computer scientist, professor of computer science at the University of California, Berkeley, and one of the most influential figures in modern artificial…
Thermodynamic computing
Thermodynamic computing is a family of computing approaches in which the random thermal fluctuations of a physical system, rather than deterministic switching of transistors, do the work of a computation.