Showing 121-180 of 491 articles
Dolma
Dolma is an open three-trillion-token English pretraining corpus released by the Allen Institute for AI (AI2) to power its fully open OLMo language models and...
Data & DatasetsOpen Source AI
Doubao
Doubao (豆包, literally "bean bun") is China's most-used artificial intelligence chatbot, developed by ByteDance, the parent company of TikTok. Launched in...
Chinese AIConversational AI
Doubao Seed 1.6
Doubao Seed 1.6 is a family of general-purpose foundation models developed by the ByteDance Seed research team and released through Volcano Engine on 11 June...
AI ModelsChinese AI
EAGLE-2
EAGLE-2 ("Faster Inference of Language Models with Dynamic Draft Trees") is the second generation of the EAGLE family of speculative decoding methods for...
AI Inference
ERNIE 4.5
ERNIE 4.5 is a family of large language models released by the Chinese technology company Baidu, open-sourced on June 30, 2025 under the Apache 2.0 license...
Chinese AIMultimodal AI
ERNIE 5.0
ERNIE 5.0 is a natively omni-modal foundation model from Baidu, unveiled at the company's annual Baidu World 2025 conference in Beijing on 13 November 2025 as...
Chinese AIMultimodal AI
ERNIE X1
ERNIE X1 is a deep-reasoning large language model developed by Baidu, the Chinese search and artificial-intelligence company, as part of its ERNIE (Wenxin)...
AI ModelsOpen Source AI
EXAONE
EXAONE (an acronym for EXpert AI for EveryONE) is the family of large language models and foundation models developed by LG AI Research, the artificial...
Open Source AI
EleutherAI
EleutherAI is a non-profit artificial intelligence research institute that builds and openly releases large language models, datasets, and evaluation tools,...
AI CompaniesAI Research
EmbeddingGemma
EmbeddingGemma is an open text embedding model from Google, released in September 2025, that turns text into dense numeric vectors for search, retrieval,...
Information RetrievalOpen Source AI
Emergent abilities
Emergent abilities are capabilities of large language models (LLMs) that are absent in smaller models but appear once a model reaches sufficient scale. Jason...
AI SafetyMachine Learning
FACTS Grounding
FACTS Grounding is a factuality benchmark from Google DeepMind and Google Research that measures whether a large language model answers a request using only...
AI BenchmarksModel Evaluation
Falcon (language model)
Falcon is a family of open-source large language models built by the Technology Innovation Institute (TII), the applied-research pillar of the Abu Dhabi...
Natural Language ProcessingOpen Source AI
Falcon 3
Falcon 3 is a family of open-weight large language models released on December 17, 2024 by the Technology Innovation Institute (TII), an applied research...
AI CompaniesAI Models
Falcon-H1
Falcon-H1 is a family of open-weight large language models released in 2025 by the Technology Innovation Institute (TII), the applied-research arm of Abu...
AI ModelsOpen Source AI
FineWeb-Edu
FineWeb-Edu is an open, English-language pretraining dataset of roughly 1.3 trillion tokens, built by filtering the much larger FineWeb web corpus down to the...
Data & DatasetsMachine Learning
Fireworks AI
Fireworks AI is an artificial intelligence infrastructure company that runs a high-performance inference platform for deploying and serving open large language...
AI CompaniesAI Inference
Foundation models
A foundation model is a large machine learning model trained on broad data, generally using self-supervised learning at scale, that can be adapted to a wide...
AI ModelsArtificial Intelligence
Frontier models
Frontier models are the most advanced artificial intelligence models that represent the cutting edge of AI capabilities at any given time. These highly capable...
AI Policy & RegulationAI Safety
Function calling
Function calling is a capability of large language models (LLMs) that lets a model decide, during generation, to invoke an external function or API and emit...
AI Agents
GGUF
GGUF (GPT-Generated Unified Format) is the standard binary file format for storing large language models for local inference, bundling a model's weights,...
Developer ToolsMachine Learning
GLM-130B
GLM-130B is a 130-billion-parameter bilingual (English and Chinese) large language model released in August 2022 by the Knowledge Engineering Group (KEG) and...
Chinese AIOpen Source AI
GLM-4
GLM-4 is the fourth-generation foundation model family from Zhipu AI, a Beijing company spun out of the Knowledge Engineering Group at Tsinghua University and...
AI ModelsChinese AI
GLM-4.5
GLM-4.5 is an open-weights large language model released by Zhipu AI (operating internationally as Z.ai) on July 28, 2025, built on a 355-billion-parameter...
AI ModelsChinese AI
GLM-4.6
GLM-4.6 is a flagship open-weight large language model released by Zhipu AI under its international brand Z.ai on September 30, 2025, built on a sparse Mixture...
AI ModelsChinese AI
GLM-5
GLM-5 is an open-weight flagship large language model released by the Chinese AI company Zhipu AI, under its international brand Z.ai, on February 11, 2026. It...
AI ModelsChinese AI
GLM-5.1
GLM-5.1 is an open-weight large language model developed by the Chinese AI company Zhipu AI, which markets its products internationally under the brand Z.ai....
Chinese AIOpen Source AI
GLM-5.2
GLM-5.2 is an open-weight large language model developed by the Chinese company Zhipu AI, which sells its products internationally under the brand Z.ai....
Chinese AIOpen Source AI
GPT
GPT, short for Generative Pre-trained Transformer, is a family of large language models developed by OpenAI and built on the Transformer architecture...
AI ModelsOpenAI
GPT Model Timeline (GPT-1 to GPT-5.x)
OpenAI's GPT lineage runs from GPT-1 (June 2018, 117 million parameters, a 512-token context window) to the GPT-5.6 "Sol, Terra, Luna" family that entered...
AI ModelsGenerative AI
GPT-1
GPT-1 is the first model in the GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) series, a 117-million-parameter, 12-layer decoder-only Transformer released by OpenAI...
Natural Language ProcessingOpenAI
GPT-2
GPT-2 is a 1.5 billion parameter language model released by OpenAI in February 2019, and the second model in the GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer)...
Natural Language ProcessingOpenAI
GPT-3
GPT-3 (Generative Pre-Trained Transformer 3) is a 175-billion-parameter large language model developed by OpenAI and released as a beta API on June 11, 2020,...
Natural Language ProcessingOpenAI
GPT-3.5
GPT-3.5 is a family of large language models developed by OpenAI that served as the backbone of the original ChatGPT release on November 30, 2022. According to...
AI ModelsOpenAI
GPT-4
GPT-4 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4) is a large language model developed by OpenAI and released on March 14, 2023. It was the fourth main entry in the...
Generative AINatural Language Processing
GPT-4 Turbo
GPT-4 Turbo is a family of large language models released by OpenAI as a faster, cheaper, and longer-context variant of GPT-4. It was announced on November 6,...
AI ModelsOpenAI
GPT-4.1
GPT-4.1 is a family of multimodal large language models developed by OpenAI and announced on April 14, 2025, with a 1 million token context window and a...
AI ModelsOpenAI
GPT-4.1 mini
GPT-4.1 mini is a large language model developed by OpenAI and released on April 14, 2025 as the mid-size member of the GPT-4.1 family. Positioned between the...
AI ModelsOpenAI
GPT-4.1 nano
GPT-4.1 nano is the smallest, fastest, and least expensive model in OpenAI's GPT-4.1 family of large language models, released on April 14, 2025. Offered...
OpenAISmall Language Models
GPT-4.5
GPT-4.5 is a large language model developed by OpenAI and released as a research preview on February 27, 2025, then deprecated and removed from the API on July...
AI ModelsOpenAI
GPT-4V (Vision)
GPT-4V, also written GPT-4V(ision) and read as "GPT-4 with vision," is the image-understanding capability that OpenAI added to its GPT-4 large language model,...
Multimodal AIOpenAI
GPT-5
GPT-5 is OpenAI's flagship large language model, first released on August 7, 2025. It represents a fundamental shift in OpenAI's model strategy: rather than...
AI ModelsOpenAI
GPT-5 Codex
GPT-5-Codex is a coding-specialised variant of OpenAI's GPT-5 model, announced on September 15, 2025 and tuned for agentic software engineering inside the...
Developer ToolsOpenAI
GPT-5 Pro
GPT-5 Pro is a large language model developed by OpenAI and the highest-capability variant of the GPT-5 model family. It is positioned above the standard GPT-5...
OpenAIReasoning Models
GPT-5.1
GPT-5.1 is a family of large language models developed by OpenAI and released on November 12, 2025.[1] It is an incremental update to GPT-5, released...
AI ModelsOpenAI
GPT-5.1-Codex-Max
GPT-5.1-Codex-Max is a frontier agentic coding model from OpenAI, released on November 19, 2025 for Codex, OpenAI's software engineering agent. [1][2] It is...
AI AgentsAI Code Generation
GPT-5.2
GPT-5.2 is a large language model developed by OpenAI and released on December 11, 2025.[1] It is the second major update to the GPT-5 series, succeeding...
AI ModelsOpenAI
GPT-5.3
GPT-5.3 is a family of large language models released by OpenAI in February and March 2026 as part of the GPT-5 lineage. It comprises three distinct models...
AI ModelsOpenAI
GPT-5.4
GPT-5.4 is a large language model developed by OpenAI and released on March 5, 2026.[1] It is the fourth point release in the GPT-5 series, following GPT-5.3...
AI ModelsOpenAI
GPT-5.5
GPT-5.5 is a large language model developed by OpenAI and released on April 23, 2026.[1][11] Known internally by its codename "Spud," it is OpenAI's first...
AI ModelsOpenAI
GPT-J
GPT-J (full release name GPT-J-6B) is a 6-billion-parameter autoregressive transformer language model released by the EleutherAI collective on June 9, 2021,...
Open Source AIResearch Organizations
GSM8K
GSM8K (Grade School Math 8K) is a benchmark dataset of 8,792 grade-school-level math word problems created by researchers at OpenAI to evaluate the multi-step...
AI BenchmarksMachine Learning
Galactica (language model)
Galactica is a large language model for science, built by the Papers with Code team at Meta AI and released on 15 November 2022. The model was trained on a...
AI for ScienceMeta AI
Gemini (language model)
Gemini is a family of natively multimodal large language models developed by Google DeepMind, first announced on December 6, 2023, that can reason across text,...
Generative AIGoogle DeepMind
Gemini 1.0
Gemini 1.0 is the first generation of Gemini, the family of natively multimodal AI models that Google DeepMind announced on 6 December 2023 [1][2]. It shipped...
Google DeepMindMultimodal AI
Gemini 1.5 Flash
Gemini 1.5 Flash is a lightweight, low-latency multimodal large language model from Google DeepMind, released at Google I/O on May 14, 2024, as the fast and...
Google DeepMindMultimodal AI
Gemini 1.5 Pro
Gemini 1.5 Pro is a multimodal large language model developed by Google DeepMind and announced on February 15, 2024, as the flagship model of the Gemini 1.5...
Google DeepMindMultimodal AI
Gemini 2.0 Flash
Gemini 2.0 Flash is a fast, low-cost multimodal large language model built by Google DeepMind as the flagship workhorse of the Gemini 2.0 generation, designed...
Google DeepMindMultimodal AI
Gemini 2.0 Flash Thinking
Gemini 2.0 Flash Thinking is an experimental reasoning model released by Google as part of the Gemini 2.0 family. First made available on December 19, 2024, it...
Google DeepMindReasoning Models
Gemini 2.0 Flash-Lite
Gemini 2.0 Flash-Lite is a large language model developed by Google DeepMind and released as the most cost-efficient member of the Gemini 2.0 model family. It...
Google DeepMindMultimodal AI