Graph of Thoughts
Graph of Thoughts (GoT) is a prompting and reasoning framework that models the intermediate steps of a large language model as an arbitrary directed graph rather than a linear chain or a tree.
Large Language Models
Explore language models, how they work, and the techniques used to build applications with them.
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Greedy decoding
Greedy decoding (also called greedy search or argmax decoding) is the simplest text-generation strategy used by autoregressive language models: at every step it picks the single highest-probability next token…
Grok
Grok is a family of generative artificial intelligence chatbots and large language models (LLMs) built by xAI, the company founded by Elon Musk.
Grok 3
Grok 3 is a family of large language models released by xAI, Elon Musk's artificial intelligence company, on February 17, 2025.
Grok 3 Jailbreak
Grok 3 jailbreak is the umbrella term for a class of reported guardrail-bypass findings against Grok 3, the third-generation large language model that xAI released on February 17, 2025.
Grok 4
Grok 4 is a large language model developed by xAI and released on July 9, 2025. It is the fourth major generation of the Grok model family and was positioned as xAI's most capable model to date at its release.
Grok 4.1
Grok 4.1 is a large language model developed by xAI, released on November 17, 2025.
Grok 4.3
Grok 4.3 is a frontier large language model developed by xAI, released through the company's API on April 30, 2026 and rolled out to general availability the following week.
Grok 4.5
Grok 4.5 is a proprietary multimodal large language model and reasoning model in the Grok family. It was developed by SpaceXAI in collaboration with Cursor and released through the xAI API on July 8, 2026.
Grok 4.6
Grok 4.6 is a proprietary large language model and reasoning model in the Grok family, developed by SpaceXAI and released jointly with Cursor through the xAI API on August 12, 2026.
Grok 4.7
Grok 4.7 is a proprietary large language model and reasoning model in the Grok family, released by SpaceXAI on September 21, 2026.
Grok Code Fast
Grok Code Fast is a family of coding-specialized large language models from xai, the artificial intelligence company founded by elon musk.
Grounding (artificial intelligence)
Grounding in artificial intelligence is the process of anchoring an AI system's outputs to verifiable
Guardrails (AI)
AI guardrails are runtime safety mechanisms that monitor, validate, and constrain the inputs and outputs of AI systems, particularly large language models (LLMs), to block harmful, inaccurate, or off-policy…
Guillaume Lample
Guillaume Lample (born 8 October 1990) is a French artificial intelligence researcher and entrepreneur, best known as a senior author of the LLaMA paper produced at Meta AI and as a co-founder and chief…
H2O (Heavy-Hitter Oracle for KV Cache)
H2O (Heavy-Hitter Oracle) is a training-free, runtime KV cache eviction policy for autoregressive large language model inference.
HaluEval
HaluEval (Hallucination Evaluation) is a large-scale benchmark for measuring how well large language models (LLMs) can recognize hallucinated content, that is, text that conflicts with a source or cannot be…
HarmBench
HarmBench is a standardized evaluation framework for automated red teaming and robust refusal of large language models (LLMs).
Harvey Tenet
Harvey Tenet is a legal-domain large language model derived from Kimi K3 and post-trained by Harvey with Fireworks AI. Harvey described the system in an Aug.
Heretic (software)
Heretic is an open-source command-line program that removes refusal behavior from transformer-based language models without retraining them.
Hermes 4
Hermes 4 is a family of open-weight large language models released by Nous Research in late August 2025.
How to Pressure LLMs for Better Output
Pressuring large language models (LLMs) is a family of prompt engineering techniques that try to push a model toward better output by adding emotional weight, urgency, stakes, or coercion to the prompt.
How to Prevent OpenAI and Google From Training Their LLMs on Your Website's Data
You can stop OpenAI, Google, Anthropic, and most other major AI companies from using your website to train large language models (LLMs) by adding a small set of directives to your site's robots.txt file.
Huawei AI
Huawei's AI strategy is to build a fully self-sufficient, vertically integrated AI stack inside China, spanning custom Ascend accelerators, the CANN software layer, the MindSpore framework, the Pangu family of…
Huawei PanGu
PanGu (盘古, sometimes written Pangu) is a family of large AI models developed by Huawei, primarily through Huawei Cloud and Huawei's Noah's Ark Lab (诺亚方舟实验室).
Hunyuan
Hunyuan is Tencent's brand for its foundation models, an umbrella covering large language models, video generation, image synthesis, 3D asset creation, and multimodal reasoning.
Hunyuan-A13B
Hunyuan-A13B is an open-weight mixture-of-experts large language model released by Tencent in late June 2025.
Hy Memory
Hy Memory (written Hy-Memory in repository and model names) is a long-term memory system for AI agents developed by Tencent's Hunyuan team (branded "Tencent Hy").
Hy4
Hy4 is a large language model in Tencent's Hy (Hunyuan) family, released through hosted services on November 4, 2026.
Hy4 Preview
Hy4 Preview is an open-weight large language model released by the Tencent Hy Team on August 28, 2026.
Hydrogen-1.0
Hydrogen-1.0 is an open-weight scientific research large language model developed by Deep Principle from Z.AI's GLM-5.3.
IBM Granite
IBM Granite is a family of open foundation models built by IBM for enterprise use, released under the permissive Apache 2.0 license and delivered through IBM's watsonx platform.
IBM Granite 4.0
IBM Granite 4.0 is the fourth generation of IBM's Granite family of open-weight enterprise large language models, released on October 2, 2025.
IBM watsonx
IBM watsonx is an enterprise artificial intelligence and data platform built by IBM and announced on May 9, 2023, at IBM's Think conference by CEO Arvind Krishna.
IFEval
IFEval (Instruction-Following Evaluation) is a benchmark of 541 prompts that measures how reliably large language models obey explicit, machine-checkable instructions such as "write in more than 400 words,"…
In-Context Learning
In-context learning (ICL) is the ability of a large language model to learn a new task at inference time by conditioning on a prompt that contains a few input-output examples (demonstrations)
Inception Labs
Inception Labs (often referred to simply as Inception) is a Palo Alto, California-based artificial intelligence startup that commercializes diffusion language models (dLLMs) for text and code generation.
Indirect prompt injection
Indirect prompt injection is a class of attack against large language model-integrated applications in which the malicious instructions that subvert the model are not supplied by the user, but are smuggled…
Inference optimization
Inference optimization is the set of techniques that make running a trained artificial intelligence model, especially a large language model, faster, more memory-efficient, and cheaper to serve in production.
InfiniteBench
InfiniteBench (stylized as ∞Bench) is a long-context benchmark that tests whether large language models (LLMs) can genuinely process and reason over inputs longer than 100,000 tokens, using 12 tasks that span…
Inflection 3
Inflection 3 is the third-generation family of large language models developed by Inflection AI, announced on October 7, 2024.
Inflection AI
Inflection AI is an American artificial intelligence company and public benefit corporation based in Palo Alto, California.
Inkling (Thinking Machines Lab)
Inkling is a multimodal large language model released on 2026-07-15 by Thinking Machines Lab, the startup founded by former OpenAI chief technology officer Mira Murati.
InstructGPT
InstructGPT is a family of language models released by OpenAI in January 2022 that take the base GPT-3 and fine-tune it to follow user instructions more helpfully, truthfully, and with less toxic output, using…
Instruction Tuning
Instruction tuning is the post-pretraining training stage in which a large language model (LLM) is fine-tuned on a curated collection of (instruction
Instructor (library)
Instructor is an open-source Python library that returns type-safe, Pydantic-validated structured outputs from large language model APIs.
InternLM
InternLM (Chinese name Shusheng Puyu, 书生·浦语) is a family of open-weight large language models developed primarily by Shanghai AI Laboratory, with partners that include SenseTime, the Chinese University of Hong…
InternVL3
InternVL3 is an open-weights family of multimodal AI large language models released on April 11, 2025 by OpenGVLab, the general vision team associated with Shanghai AI Laboratory.
Jailbreak (artificial intelligence)
A jailbreak in artificial intelligence is a technique that bypasses the safety guardrails, content policies, and alignment constraints built into large language models (LLMs) and other AI systems
JailbreakBench
JailbreakBench is an open-source robustness benchmark for evaluating jailbreak attacks and defenses against large language models (LLMs).
Jamba
Jamba is a family of open-weight large language models from AI21 Labs, first released on March 28, 2024, and is the world's first production-grade language model built on a Mamba state space model (SSM)…
Jamba Reasoning 3B
Jamba Reasoning 3B is an open-weight small reasoning model released by the Israeli artificial-intelligence company AI21 Labs on October 8, 2025.
Jamba2
Jamba2 is the second generation of hybrid State Space Model and Transformer language models released by AI21 Labs on January 8, 2026.
Jet-Nemotron
Jet-Nemotron is a family of small hybrid-architecture language models released by NVIDIA Research in August 2025.
KV cache offloading
KV cache offloading is the practice of moving part or all of a Transformer model's KV cache out of accelerator memory (GPU HBM) into a larger, slower tier such as CPU DRAM, local NVMe storage, or remote…
Kimi (chatbot)
Kimi is an artificial intelligence assistant and chatbot developed by Moonshot AI.
Kimi K1.5
Kimi K1.5 is a multimodal reasoning large language model developed by Moonshot AI, a Beijing-based artificial intelligence company.
Kimi K2
Kimi K2 is an open-weights Mixture of Experts language model from Moonshot AI, a Beijing startup, released on July 11, 2025 with 1.04 trillion total parameters and 32.6 billion activated per token
Kimi K2 Thinking
Kimi K2 Thinking is a reasoning and agentic large language model released by the Chinese startup Moonshot AI on November 6, 2025.
Kimi K2.5
Kimi K2.5 is an open-weights, natively multimodal large language model developed by Moonshot AI and released on January 27, 2026.