Wednesday, March 18, 2026
- AIME 2025v9AIME 2025 is a 30-problem mathematical reasoning AI benchmark built from the 2025 American Invitational Mathematics Examination
- AIME 2024v6AIME 2024 is an AI benchmark of 30 problems drawn from the 2024 American Invitational Mathematics Examination that has become the standard yardstick for measuring the mathematical reasoning of large language…
- AIME (American Invitational Mathematics Examination)v8The American Invitational Mathematics Examination (AIME) is a 15-question, 3-hour mathematics competition for high school students in the United States and Canada
- Trigramv8A trigram is a contiguous sequence of three items (most often three words) drawn from a sample of text or speech
- Travel ChatGPT Pluginsv5Travel ChatGPT plugins were the subset of third party plugins in the ChatGPT Plugins store, live between March 2023 and April 2024, that handled flight search, hotel booking, car rental, ground transport…
- Travelv7Artificial intelligence in travel covers the use of machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, and generative AI across the travel and hospitality industries.
- Transportation ChatGPT Pluginsv5Transportation ChatGPT Plugins were the subset of third party ChatGPT Plugins that focused on moving people by train, bus, ferry, plane, peer to peer rental car, electric vehicle road trip, and urban metro…
- AI in transportationv5AI in transportation refers to the application of artificial intelligence techniques to the movement of people and goods across road, rail, air, sea, and the spaces in between.
- Translational invariancev7Translational invariance (also called translation invariance or shift invariance) is the property of a function, system, or machine learning model whose output does not change when its input is translated…
- Translation Modelsv6Translation models are computational systems that convert text or speech from a source language into a target language.
- Stationarityv7Stationarity is a property of a time series or stochastic process whose statistical characteristics, such as the mean, variance, and autocovariance, do not change when the series is shifted in time.
- Static inferencev7Static inference is a machine learning serving pattern in which a model generates a batch of predictions offline, ahead of time, and caches them so that applications read the precomputed answer from storage…
- Staticv5In machine learning, static means offline (also called batch): the model is trained once on a fixed dataset, or its predictions are computed in advance and cached, rather than being updated or generated…
- State-Action Value Functionv8The state-action value function, written Q^π(s, a) and also called the action-value function or Q-function, gives the expected discounted return an agent obtains by taking action a in state s and thereafter…
- State (Reinforcement Learning)v9In reinforcement learning (RL), a state is a complete description of the environment at a particular point in time, containing all the information an agent needs to choose its next action.
- Staged trainingv7Staged training (also called multi-stage training or phased training) is a strategy in machine learning where a model is trained in two or more distinct sequential phases, each with its own objective, data…
- Stable Diffusionv12Stable Diffusion is a family of generative image models that can synthesize and edit images from text and other conditions.
- Stability AIv13Stability AI is a generative artificial intelligence company best known for helping fund and release the Stable Diffusion family of image models.
- Stabilityv7Stability in machine learning is the property that a learning algorithm or trained model produces similar outputs, whether predictions, parameter values, or loss curves, when its inputs are perturbed slightly.
- Squared Lossv8Squared loss, also called quadratic loss, L2 loss, or squared error loss, is a loss function that penalizes a prediction by the square of its error: for a true value $y$ and a prediction $\hat{y}$
- Squared Hinge Lossv9Squared hinge loss (also called L2 hinge loss or L2-loss) is a loss function used in machine learning for classification tasks, most commonly in support vector machines (SVMs).
- Sports ChatGPT Pluginsv4Sports ChatGPT Plugins were a group of third-party extensions for ChatGPT that gave the chatbot the ability to fetch live and historical sports data, fantasy league information, ticket availability, and team…
- Sportsv5Artificial intelligence has reshaped almost every layer of professional and amateur sports, from how leagues officiate matches to how coaches design tactics, how broadcasters package highlights, and how…
- Splitterv6A splitter is a term used in two distinct senses in machine learning. The first and most common sense is a utility that partitions a dataset into subsets such as training, validation, and test sets, or into…
- Splitv6A split in machine learning is a partitioning operation, and the word names two distinct things.
- Spatial Poolingv7Spatial pooling is a downsampling operation in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that replaces a local region of a feature map with a single summary statistic, such as the maximum or the average of the…
- Sparsityv6Sparsity is the property of a data structure, model, or representation in which most values are zero or near-zero
- Sparse Vectorv6A sparse vector is a vector in which most of the elements are zero, in contrast to a dense vector, in which most elements are non-zero.
- Purple Llamav7Purple Llama is an umbrella project from Meta that bundles open, permissively licensed trust and safety tools and evaluations for generative AI.
- Pruningv9Pruning is a family of techniques used in machine learning and artificial intelligence to remove parts of a model or search space that are estimated to be unnecessary for accuracy or optimality.
- Proxy labelsv5A proxy label (also called a surrogate label) is an observable, easy-to-collect stand-in for the true target a model should predict, used to train that model when the real target is too expensive, too slow, or…
- Proxy (sensitive attributes)v6A proxy for a sensitive attribute is an ordinary input feature that is statistically correlated with a protected characteristic (such as race, gender, age, religion, or disability) and therefore leaks…
- Proprietary vs. Open Source Large Language Models (LLMs)v8The split between proprietary and open-source large language models (LLMs) is one of the defining structural choices in modern artificial intelligence.
- Prompt injectionv8Prompt injection is a class of security vulnerabilities in which an attacker crafts malicious input designed to override, subvert, or manipulate the instructions governing a large language model (LLM).
- Prompt engineering for text generationv8Prompt engineering for text generation is the practice of designing the natural-language input (the prompt) given to a large language model so that it produces the desired text output
- Prompt engineering for image generationv9Prompt engineering for image generation is the practice of writing and refining the text prompts that guide text-to-image AI image generation models such as Stable Diffusion, Midjourney, DALL-E, Flux, and Nano…
- Prompt Engineeringv10Prompt engineering is the systematic design and testing of the inputs supplied to a generative model so that the model is more likely to produce a useful result.
- Promptv10A prompt is the input given to a generative AI model, particularly a large language model (LLM), that elicits a desired response.
- Model Capacityv6Model capacity is the size and richness of the family of functions a machine learning model can represent and learn, which determines how complex a pattern the model can fit.
- Modelv8A model in machine learning is a representation used to map inputs to outputs, assign probabilities, describe relationships, or choose actions.
- Modalityv7A modality in machine learning and artificial intelligence is a distinct type, form, or structure of data that a model can process, learn from, or generate.
- Mixture of Experts (MoE)v16A mixture of experts (MoE) is a machine-learning architecture that contains multiple component functions called experts and a gating or routing mechanism that determines how their outputs contribute to a…
- LaMDAv8LaMDA (short for Language Model for Dialogue Applications) is a family of conversational large language models developed by Google, built on the Transformer architecture and fine-tuned for open-ended dialogue…
- Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)v12Long short-term memory (LSTM) is a gated recurrent neural network architecture for processing sequences.
- LLaMA/Model Cardv5The Llama model card is the official documentation that Meta AI ships with each release of the Llama family of large language models.
- LLaMAv16LLaMA is the original name of a family of large language models developed by Meta AI.
- LLM Rankingsv5LLM rankings order large language models from best to worst using one of two broad methods: human preference voting and fixed benchmark scoring.
- LLM Comparisonsv5LLM comparison is the practice of ranking large language models against one another on quality, cost, speed, and specific skills, using public leaderboards, standardized benchmarks, human preference arenas…
- LLM Benchmarks Timelinev6The LLM benchmarks timeline is the chronological record of the major tests used to evaluate large language models, from the BERT era reading-comprehension suites of 2018 to the agentic and frontier-reasoning…
- LLM Anxietyv8LLM anxiety is a measurable, anxiety-like behavioral state observed in large language models when they are exposed to emotionally distressing input, in which the model's scores on a standard human anxiety…
- L2 Regularizationv9L2 regularization is a technique in machine learning and statistics that penalizes large weight values by adding the sum of squared parameters.
- L2 Lossv6L2 loss is the squared-error loss function: for a true value…
- L1 Regularizationv7L1 regularization is a regularization technique in machine learning and statistics that prevents overfitting by adding the sum of the absolute values of a model's parameters as a penalty term to the loss…
- L1 Lossv7L1 loss is a regression loss function equal to the average of the absolute differences between predicted values and target values.
- L0 Regularizationv7L0 regularization is a regularization technique in machine learning and statistics that penalizes the number of nonzero parameters in a model.
- Generalized Linear Modelv5A generalized linear model (GLM) is a flexible extension of ordinary linear regression that allows the response variable to follow any distribution from the exponential family, not just the normal distribution
- Generalization Curvev10A generalization curve (also called a learning curve) is a plot that visualizes how a machine learning model's performance on training data and unseen data changes as a function of some varying quantity, such…
- Generalizationv8Generalization in machine learning is the ability of a trained model to perform accurately on new, unseen data drawn from the same distribution as its training set
- Gaming ChatGPT Pluginsv7Gaming ChatGPT Plugins were a topical grouping of third-party plugins that turned ChatGPT into a host for chess matches, word games, trivia, board game lookups, role-playing adventures, and video game…
- Gamingv6AI in gaming covers the artificial intelligence systems used inside games, the AI tools used to make games, and the AI agents that have learned to beat humans at games as research milestones.
- GSOv5GSO (short for Global Software Optimization in the project page subtitle, and Challenging Software Optimization Tasks for Evaluating SWE-Agents in the paper title) is an artificial intelligence benchmark for…
- GPTsdexv8GPTsdex is a Custom GPT for ChatGPT that works as a search and recommendation tool for the wider ecosystem of custom GPTs.
- GPTs Worksv8GPTs Works is a third-party directory and search engine for Custom GPTs, the user-built variants of ChatGPT that OpenAI introduced at its November 2023 DevDay.
- GPTavernv8GPTavern is a Custom GPT for ChatGPT in the GPT Store. It is the central hub of an interconnected family of seventeen custom GPTs built by Mind Goblin Studios
- GPT Store Finderv8GPT Store Finder is a Custom GPT for ChatGPT in the GPT Store. It is a recommendation assistant whose only job is to read a user's request in plain language and return a short ranked list of public GPTs that…
- GPT Storev15The GPT Store is a discovery and distribution area within ChatGPT for public Custom GPTs.
- GPT Shop Keeperv9GPT Shop Keeper is a Custom GPT for ChatGPT published in the GPT Store. The GPT presents itself as a fantasy tavern shopkeeper that helps users browse, discover, and select other Custom GPTs based on the task…
- GPT Searchv8GPT Search is a Custom GPT for ChatGPT, listed in the GPT Store under the OpenAI URL slug g-RCXRXgLOX-gpt-search.
- Disparate Treatmentv6Disparate treatment is the intentional, less favorable treatment of an individual because of a protected attribute such as race, gender, age, religion, national origin, or disability, and in machine learning…
- Disparate Impactv8Disparate impact is a legal and statistical concept describing situations where a seemingly neutral policy, practice, or algorithm produces disproportionately adverse outcomes for members of a protected class…
- Discriminatorv8A discriminator is the neural network in a generative adversarial network (GAN) that is trained to tell real data apart from data produced by the generator
- Discriminative Modelv8A discriminative model is a class of machine learning model that learns the conditional probability distribution P(Y|X) directly, or learns a direct decision boundary mapping inputs X to output labels Y
- Discrete Featurev8A discrete feature is a feature (a variable in a dataset) that takes one of a finite or countably infinite set of distinct values, such as a category or an integer count
- Dimensionsv6In machine learning, the word "dimensions" is overloaded. Depending on the context, it can refer to the number of input features that describe a data point, the number of axes (rank) of a tensor, the width of…
- Dimension Reductionv11Dimensionality reduction, also known as dimension reduction, is the process of transforming data from a high-dimensional space into a lower-dimensional space while retaining as much of the meaningful structure…
- Digital Media ChatGPT Pluginsv5Digital Media ChatGPT Plugins were a topical grouping inside the ChatGPT plugin store that gathered third-party extensions for working with video, music, podcasts, audio, image filters, and streaming media…
- Digital Mediav7Artificial intelligence in digital media covers a sprawling set of practices that touch nearly every part of how news, video, audio, and online content are produced, distributed, moderated, and consumed.
- Diffusion modelv14A diffusion model is a generative model that learns to transform samples from a simple reference distribution into samples resembling a data distribution by reversing a gradual corruption process.
- ChatGPT Usesv5ChatGPT is a general purpose chat assistant built by OpenAI on top of the GPT family of large language models, and the tasks people use it for most are practical guidance, seeking information, and writing
- ChatGPT Retrieval Pluginv5The ChatGPT Retrieval Plugin is an open-source reference implementation released by OpenAI on March 23, 2023, alongside the launch of the broader ChatGPT plugins ecosystem.
- ChatGPT pluginsv8ChatGPT plugins were third-party tools, launched by OpenAI in alpha on March 23, 2023, that let ChatGPT call external APIs to fetch up-to-date information, run computations, and use third-party services such…
- ChatGPT Plugin Categoriesv8ChatGPT Plugin Categories is an index of the topical groupings used to organize third-party plugins that extended ChatGPT during the 2023 to 2024 plugin era operated by OpenAI.
- ChatGPT Guidesv5ChatGPT Guides is the AI Wiki gateway to how-to material for ChatGPT, the conversational assistant built by OpenAI.
- ChatGPT Classicv8ChatGPT Classic is a first-party custom GPT that OpenAI created inside ChatGPT on November 6, 2023, the day it announced the GPTs feature.
- ChatGPTv22ChatGPT is a conversational artificial intelligence chatbot developed by OpenAI and built on the company's GPT series of large language models.
- Charity ChatGPT Pluginsv4Charity ChatGPT Plugins were a small group of third-party extensions inside ChatGPT that helped the chatbot find, evaluate, and route money toward registered nonprofit organizations and grant programs.
- Charityv5Charity, nonprofit, and humanitarian work has become one of the most visible testbeds for applied artificial intelligence.
- CharXivv4CharXiv is a benchmark for evaluating chart understanding in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), built by researchers at Princeton Language and Intelligence with collaborators at the University of…
- AA-LCRv5AA-LCR (Artificial Analysis Long Context Reasoning) is a benchmark for large language models that evaluates the ability to reason across multiple real-world documents totalling approximately 100,000 tokens per…
- A/B Testingv7A/B testing (also called split testing, bucket testing, or an online controlled experiment) is a randomized controlled experiment that compares two variants, a control (A) and a treatment (B), by randomly…
- A*v7A* (pronounced "A-star") is a best-first graph search algorithm that finds a least-cost path from a start node to a goal node.
- 26 Principles of Good Promptsv5The 26 principles of good prompts are a set of 26 practical rules for writing prompts to large language models, introduced in the December 2023 paper Principled Instructions Are All You Need for Questioning…
- 22.500 Best Custom GPTsv822.500+ Best Custom GPTs is a Custom GPT for ChatGPT that acts as a directory and search assistant for the public custom GPTs hosted in OpenAI's GPT Store.
