MMMU-Pro
MMMU-Pro is a rigorous benchmark for evaluating multimodal AI systems on college-level, expert questions that genuinely require seeing an image, built as a harder and more robust version of the original MMMU…
Large Language Models
Explore language models, how they work, and the techniques used to build applications with them.
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Showing 361-420 of 608 articles
MRCR
MRCR (Multi-Round Co-reference Resolution) is a synthetic long-context evaluation that tests whether a large language model can locate and disambiguate among several near-identical "needles" buried inside a…
MT-Bench
MT-Bench (Multi-Turn Benchmark) is a benchmark of 80 hand-written, two-turn questions that evaluates large language models (LLMs) on multi-turn conversation and instruction following by using a strong model…
Machine learning terms/Natural Language Processing
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is the subfield of artificial intelligence and machine learning concerned with enabling computers to read, interpret, generate, and reason about human language in text and…
Magistral
Magistral is the first family of reasoning models from Mistral AI, the French AI company, first released on June 10, 2025.
Mamba
Mamba is a neural network architecture for sequence modeling that uses selective state space models (SSMs) to process sequential data in linear time with respect to sequence length
Many-shot jailbreaking
Many-shot jailbreaking is a technique for bypassing the safety training of a large language model by filling its context window with a long series of faux dialogue turns in which an AI assistant complies with…
Mark Chen (OpenAI)
Mark Chen is an American artificial intelligence researcher and research executive at OpenAI, where he serves as Chief Research Officer.
Med-PaLM
Med-PaLM is a large language model from Google Research, built in collaboration with DeepMind, that is specialized for answering medical questions.
Med-PaLM 2
Med-PaLM 2 is a medical large language model developed by Google Research and Google DeepMind, built on the PaLM 2 foundation model and tuned to answer questions about medicine and health.
Mercury (Inception Labs)
Mercury is a family of commercial-scale diffusion-based large language models developed by Inception Labs, a Palo Alto startup co-founded in 2024 by Stanford professor Stefano Ermon together with his former…
Meta AI
Meta AI is the name Meta Platforms uses for two related but distinct things: the company's artificial intelligence research and engineering organization
Microsoft 365 Copilot
Microsoft 365 Copilot is an artificial intelligence assistant developed by Microsoft that integrates large language models (LLMs) with the Microsoft 365 suite of productivity applications.
Minerva (language model)
Minerva is a large language model developed by Google Research that specializes in quantitative reasoning, meaning it answers mathematics, science, and engineering questions by writing out step-by-step…
MiniCPM
MiniCPM is a family of compact, openly licensed language models published by OpenBMB, the shared open-source brand of Tsinghua University's natural language processing lab (THUNLP) and the Beijing company…
MiniCPM5-2B
MiniCPM5-2B is an open-weights small language model published by OpenBMB on September 7, 2026 under the Apache License 2.0.
MiniMax
MiniMax (稀宇科技; listed as MiniMax Group Inc.) is a publicly traded artificial intelligence (AI) company headquartered in Shanghai, China that develops large language models, multimodal AI systems, and…
MiniMax M1
MiniMax M1 (stylised MiniMax-M1) is an open-weight large language reasoning model released on 16 June 2025 by the Shanghai-based artificial-intelligence company MiniMax
MiniMax M2
MiniMax M2 is an open-weight large language model released on October 27, 2025 by the Shanghai-based AI company MiniMax, built as a Mixture of Experts model with 230 billion total parameters and roughly 10…
MiniMax M2.7
MiniMax M2.7 is a large language model released by the Chinese AI company MiniMax on March 18, 2026.
MiniMax M3
MiniMax M3 is a large language model developed by the Shanghai-based AI company MiniMax, released on June 1, 2026 as the next flagship in the company's M-series.
MiniMax M3.1 Flash
MiniMax M3.1 Flash is a large language model released by MiniMax on October 19, 2026, for software development, tool-using agents and computer use.
MiniMax-Text-01
MiniMax-Text-01 is an open-weights, large-scale mixture-of-experts (MoE) language model released by Shanghai-based AI company MiniMax on January 14, 2025.
Ministral 3B / 8B
Ministral is a family of two small language models released by the French artificial intelligence company Mistral AI on October 16, 2024.
Mirendil
Mirendil is an artificial intelligence research company based in San Francisco that trains large language models specialized for AI research and engineering work
Mistral 7B
Mistral 7B is a 7.3-billion-parameter, decoder-only large language model released by mistral ai on September 27, 2023, under the Apache 2.0 license.
Mistral AI
Mistral AI is a French artificial intelligence company that develops large language models, multimodal models, software for building and operating AI systems, and computing infrastructure.
Mistral Large
Mistral Large is the family of flagship large language models developed by Mistral AI, the Paris-based AI laboratory founded in 2023, and is the company's most capable general-purpose model line.
Mistral Large 3
Mistral Large 3 is a sparse mixture-of-experts large language model released on December 2, 2025 by the French AI company Mistral AI, distributed as open weights under the Apache 2.0 license with roughly 675…
Mistral Large 4
Mistral Large 4 is a general-purpose multimodal model developed by Mistral AI. It entered public preview on October 6, 2026, with a mixture-of-experts architecture and API access.
Mistral Medium 3
Mistral Medium 3 is a proprietary multimodal large language model developed by Mistral AI and released on May 7, 2025.
Mistral Medium 3.5
Mistral Medium 3.5 is an open-weight large language model released by Mistral AI on 28 April 2026.
Mistral NeMo
Mistral NeMo is a 12 billion parameter large language model released by Mistral AI in collaboration with NVIDIA on July 18, 2024.
Mistral Small 4
Mistral Small 4 is an open-weight large language model released by the French artificial intelligence company Mistral AI on March 16, 2026 under the Apache 2.0 license.
Mixtral
Mixtral is a family of open-weight Sparse Mixture of Experts (SMoE) large language models developed by Mistral AI, a French artificial intelligence company founded in April 2023.
Mixtral 8x22B
Mixtral 8x22B is a sparse mixture-of-experts (MoE) large language model released by the French AI company Mistral AI on April 17, 2024.
Mixture of Agents
Mixture of Agents (MoA) is a multi-model collaboration framework that combines multiple large language models (LLMs) in a layered architecture
Model Context Protocol
Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an open protocol for exchanging context and invoking capabilities between applications that use large language models and external programs or data sources.
Model merging
Model merging combines the parameters of multiple trained neural networks into a single unified model without any additional training.
Model-as-a-Service Market in China
The model-as-a-service (MaaS) market in China is the commercial market for access to large language models and other generative models through public-cloud APIs, where enterprises and developers pay per token…
Moonshot AI
Moonshot AI is a Beijing-based artificial intelligence company that develops the Kimi chatbot, large language models, and agent software. The company says it was founded in early 2023.
Multi-agent system
A multi-agent system (MAS) is a system composed of multiple interacting intelligent agents that collaborate, compete, or negotiate to accomplish tasks that would be difficult or impossible for a single agent.
Multi-hop RAG
Multi-hop RAG is a family of retrieval-augmented generation techniques designed to answer questions that require composing evidence from two or more documents or text chunks.
Multi-token prediction
Multi-token prediction (often abbreviated MTP) is a language modeling training objective in which the model is trained to predict several future tokens at each context position rather than only the next token.
Muse Glimmer
Muse Glimmer is an open-weight text-and-image model developed by Meta AI for local agent and coding workloads. Meta released the model on August 10, 2026 under the identifier meta-models/Muse-Glimmer-30B.
Muse Spark Open
Muse Spark Open is an open-weight multimodal reasoning model released by Meta Superintelligence Labs on October 15, 2026.
Muse Wonder
Muse Wonder is a series of multimodal reasoning models from Meta, released on October 12, 2026 for personal and professional AI agents.
NOSA (Native and Offloadable Sparse Attention)
NOSA (Native and Offloadable Sparse Attention) is a trainable sparse attention mechanism designed so that most of a language model's KV cache can live in CPU memory during decoding without the CPU-to-GPU…
NVLM
NVLM (short for NVIDIA Vision Language Model), released as NVLM 1.0, is a family of open multimodal large language models developed by Nvidia.
Native Sparse Attention (NSA)
Native Sparse Attention (NSA) is a hardware-aligned, natively trainable sparse attention mechanism introduced in February 2025 by researchers at DeepSeek, Peking University and the University of Washington.
Naver AI
Naver AI refers to the artificial intelligence research and products developed by Naver Corporation, South Korea's largest internet company.
Needle in a Haystack (NIAH)
Needle in a Haystack (NIAH) is a long-context evaluation that measures whether a large language model can retrieve a single fact (the "needle") inserted at a controlled position inside a long body of text (the…
Nemotron
Nemotron is NVIDIA's brand for its family of open large language models and the datasets, training recipes, and evaluation tools built around them.
Nemotron 3
Nemotron 3 is a family of open-weights large language model systems released by NVIDIA beginning on December 15, 2025, built for agentic AI and consisting of three sparse mixture-of-experts variants named…
Nemotron 3.5 Bolt
Nemotron 3.5 Bolt is an open-weight vision-language model released by NVIDIA on October 15, 2026 for local reasoning, coding, tool use, and browser and terminal tasks.
Nemotron 3.5 Lightning
NVIDIA Nemotron 3.5 Lightning is an open-weights 30 billion parameter mixture-of-experts language model with 3 billion active parameters per token, released by NVIDIA on August 11
Nemotron 3.5 Super VL
Nemotron 3.5 Super VL is an open-weight vision language model released by NVIDIA on October 15, 2026. It combines text, image, document, and video understanding with reasoning and tool use for agents.
Nemotron Nano 2
Nemotron Nano 2 is a family of small, open-weight reasoning language models released by NVIDIA on August 18, 2025
Nemotron-4
Nemotron-4 is a family of decoder-only large language models developed by NVIDIA and documented in two technical reports released in 2024.
Nemotron-H
Nemotron-H is a family of open-weight large language models released by NVIDIA in April 2025 that replace most of the self-attention layers of a standard Transformer with Mamba-2 state-space layers, producing…