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AI Hardware

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Eridu

Eridu is an American startup developing networking chips and switches built specifically for large-scale artificial intelligence computing. Based in Saratoga,...

AI Companies

Etched

Etched is an American semiconductor startup building Sohu, the first application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designed to run only transformer models,...

AI Companies

Etched Sohu

Sohu is a transformer-specialized application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) built by Etched, a Silicon Valley AI hardware startup founded in 2022 by...

AI Inference

EtherCAT

EtherCAT (Ethernet for Control Automation Technology) is a real-time industrial Ethernet fieldbus protocol, developed by Beckhoff Automation and introduced in...

Robotics

FP4 (4-bit floating point)

FP4 (4-bit floating point) is a numerical format that stores a real number in just 4 bits, the smallest floating-point type in mainstream use for deep...

AI InferenceTraining & Optimization

FP8

FP8 is a family of 8-bit floating-point number formats used to accelerate deep learning training and inference, built around two encodings, E4M3 (4 exponent...

Flash Attention 3

Flash Attention 3 (FA3, styled FlashAttention-3) is the third generation of the FlashAttention algorithm, an exact-attention GPU kernel designed to exploit...

AlgorithmsTransformer Models

FluidStack

FluidStack (stylized Fluidstack) is an artificial intelligence cloud company that provides on-demand access to large clusters of graphics processing units...

AI Companies

Force-torque sensor

A force-torque sensor (F/T sensor) is a transducer that measures three orthogonal forces (Fx, Fy, Fz) and three torques or moments (Tx, Ty, Tz) applied...

Robotics

Foxconn (Hon Hai Precision Industry)

Foxconn, officially Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 鴻海精密工業股份有限公司; trading as Hon Hai Technology Group), is a Taiwanese multinational electronics...

AI CompaniesRobotics

Fractile

Fractile is a British AI hardware startup, based in London, that is building in-memory computing chips to speed up and cut the cost of running large AI models....

AI Companies

Friend (AI device)

Friend is a wearable artificial intelligence companion device designed by Avi Schiffmann and developed by his company, Friend Technology Inc. The device takes...

AI Companies

FuriosaAI

FuriosaAI is a South Korean fabless semiconductor startup that designs data-center AI chip accelerators for deep learning inference. It was founded in 2017 by...

GAIN AI Act

The GAIN AI Act (Guaranteeing Access and Innovation for National Artificial Intelligence Act of 2025) is proposed United States legislation that would require...

AI Policy & Regulation

GPU cluster

A GPU cluster is a tightly coupled collection of servers, each populated with multiple graphics processing units, interconnected by high-bandwidth low-latency...

AI InfrastructureData Centers

GPU computing

GPU computing is the use of a graphics processing unit (GPU) to perform general-purpose computation that was traditionally handled by the central processing...

AI InfrastructureDeep Learning

Gemini Nano

Gemini Nano is the smallest and most efficient variant of Google's Gemini family of multimodal large language models, designed to run directly on phones and...

GoogleLarge Language Models

Google Axion

Google Axion is Google's first custom Arm-based central processing unit designed for the data center. Google announced it on April 9, 2024 at the Google Cloud...

AI InfrastructureGoogle

Google TPU 8i

Google TPU 8i is an eighth-generation Tensor Processing Unit from Google, built specifically for AI inference rather than model training. It was previewed at...

AI InferenceGoogle

Google TPU 8t

Google TPU 8t is the training-focused member of Google's eighth-generation Tensor Processing Unit family, previewed at Google Cloud Next on April 22, 2026. It...

Google

Grand Teton (AI hardware)

Grand Teton is an open GPU hardware platform designed by Meta for training and running large AI models. Meta announced it at the 2022 Open Compute Project...

Data CentersMeta AI

Graphics processing unit

A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a specialized electronic circuit, originally designed to accelerate the rendering of images, video, and 2D/3D graphics,...

Artificial Intelligence

Groq

Groq, Inc. is an American semiconductor and cloud computing company, headquartered in Mountain View, California, that builds processors and data center...

AI Companies

Groq

Groq is an American artificial intelligence hardware company, founded in 2016 by former Google Tensor Processing Unit engineer Jonathan Ross, that designs...

AI CompaniesArtificial Intelligence

Groq LPU

The Groq LPU (Language Processing Unit) is a deterministic, SRAM-based AI inference chip designed by Groq, an American AI chip company founded in 2016, to run...

AI Inference

HBM3e

HBM3e (also written HBM3E and HBM3 Extended) is the extended-bandwidth variant of HBM3 high bandwidth memory, a stacked DRAM technology used as on-package...

HBM4

HBM4 (High Bandwidth Memory generation 4) is the fourth principal generation of high bandwidth memory (HBM), a stacked DRAM standard published by the JEDEC...

Harmonic Drive

<!-- Harmonic Drive 5480w --> <!-- NOTE (enhancement pass, July 2026): Added the section "Harmonic drives in humanoid robots and dexterous hands"; added...

Robotics

High Bandwidth Memory (HBM)

High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) is a JEDEC-standardised, 3D-stacked DRAM technology that delivers very high memory bandwidth and good energy efficiency to a nearby...

Horizon Robotics

Horizon Robotics (Chinese: 地平线; pinyin: Dipingxian) is a Chinese designer of energy-efficient artificial-intelligence computing platforms for smart and...

Autonomous VehiclesChinese AI

Huawei

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. is a Chinese multinational technology company headquartered in Shenzhen that has become the centerpiece of China's effort to...

AI CompaniesChinese AI

Huawei AI

Huawei's AI strategy is to build a fully self-sufficient, vertically integrated AI stack inside China, spanning custom Ascend accelerators, the CANN software...

AI CompaniesChinese AI

Huawei Ascend 910B

Value --- Data-center AI training and inference accelerator (NPU) Designer Huawei Ascend Architecture 7nm class: SMIC (variously called N+1 or N+2);...

AI InfrastructureChinese AI

Huawei Ascend 910C

The Huawei Ascend 910C is a data-center artificial intelligence accelerator developed by Huawei and positioned as China's leading domestic alternative to...

AI InfrastructureChinese AI

Huawei CloudMatrix 384

The Huawei CloudMatrix 384 (commonly shortened to CM384) is a rack-scale artificial intelligence computing system that Huawei markets as an "AI supernode." It...

Chinese AI

Humane AI Pin

The Humane AI Pin was a screenless, wearable AI device developed by Humane Inc., a San Francisco startup founded by former Apple designers Imran Chaudhri and...

AI Companies

Inertial Measurement Unit

An inertial measurement unit (IMU) is an electronic device that measures a body's specific force and angular rate, and in many configurations its orientation,...

Robotics

InfiniBand

InfiniBand is a high throughput, low latency networking interconnect standard used to connect servers, storage, and accelerators inside high performance...

AI Infrastructure

Intel

Intel Corporation is an American multinational semiconductor company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, that designs CPUs, GPUs, and Gaudi AI...

AI Companies

Intel Crescent Island

Intel Crescent Island is a data-center GPU from Intel built for artificial-intelligence inference workloads. Intel announced it on October 14, 2025 at the Open...

AI Inference

Intel Gaudi 3

Intel Gaudi 3 is a data-center AI accelerator from Intel, built by its Habana Labs unit, designed to train and run large language models as a lower-cost...

Intel Loihi

Intel Loihi is a family of research neuromorphic processors developed by Intel Labs to implement spiking neural networks (SNNs) in silicon, with the stated...

Neural Networks

Intel RealSense D555

The Intel RealSense D555 (also branded simply as RealSense D555 PoE) is a stereoscopic depth camera announced in mid-2025 that is the first product in the...

Computer VisionRobotics

Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects ("things") embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity that lets them collect data,...

AI InfrastructureEnterprise AI

Jensen Huang

Jensen Huang (Jen-Hsun "Jensen" Huang, born February 17, 1963) is the Taiwanese-American electrical engineer and businessman who co-founded, and since 1993 has...

NVIDIAPeople

Jetson Thor

NVIDIA Jetson Thor (also marketed as Jetson AGX Thor) is a Blackwell architecture edge AI computing module developed by NVIDIA that delivers up to 2,070 FP4...

NVIDIARobotics

Leadscrew

A leadscrew (also written lead screw, and sometimes called a power screw) converts rotary motion into linear motion using a threaded shaft and a matching...

Robotics

Lenovo

Lenovo Group Limited is a Chinese multinational technology company that is the world's largest personal computer vendor by unit shipments and one of the...

AI CompaniesAI Infrastructure

LiDAR

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is an active remote sensing technology that measures the distance to objects by illuminating a target with laser pulses or...

Robotics

Lightmatter

Lightmatter is a U.S. silicon-photonics company that designs and manufactures optical computing hardware and photonic interconnects for artificial intelligence...

AI Companies

Lumai

Lumai is a British optical-computing startup developing AI accelerator hardware that performs the matrix mathematics behind neural networks using beams of...

AI Companies

MLPerf

MLPerf is the AI industry's standard suite of benchmarks for measuring how fast machine learning systems train and run models, developed and maintained by...

AI BenchmarksMachine Learning

MLX

MLX is an open-source array and machine-learning framework built by Apple Inc.'s machine-learning research team specifically for Apple silicon, the M1, M2, M3,...

AI CompaniesDeveloper Tools

MatX

MatX is an American semiconductor startup that designs AI chips purpose-built for large language models (LLMs). Founded in 2022 by two former Google engineers...

AI Companies

Mellanox

Mellanox Technologies, Ltd. was an Israeli-American semiconductor and networking company, founded in 1999, that designed the high-performance interconnects,...

AI CompaniesNVIDIA

Meta MTIA

MTIA (Meta Training and Inference Accelerator) is a family of custom AI chips that Meta designs in-house to run its largest artificial intelligence workloads,...

AI Infrastructure

Meta MTIA 300 series

The Meta MTIA 300 series is a set of four custom AI accelerator chips that Meta unveiled on March 11, 2026, as the next phase of its in-house Meta Training and...

Meta AI

Meta-Amazon Graviton deal

The Meta-Amazon Graviton deal is a multibillion-dollar, multiyear agreement announced on April 24, 2026, under which Meta committed to deploy tens of millions...

Data CentersMeta AI

MetaX

MetaX (Chinese: 沐曦; pinyin: Mùxī), formally MetaX Integrated Circuits (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and sometimes rendered Muxi, is a Chinese fabless semiconductor...

AI CompaniesChinese AI

Micron Technology

Micron Technology, Inc. (NASDAQ: MU) is an American memory and storage chipmaker headquartered in Boise, Idaho. Founded in 1978, it is the only major United...