Robotics

Figure 03

Figure 03 is a third-generation general-purpose humanoid robot developed by Figure AI and unveiled on October 9, 2025, as the company's first robot designed...

Humanoid Robots

Figure AI

Figure AI is an American artificial intelligence and robotics company, founded in May 2022 by Brett Adcock, that designs and manufactures general-purpose...

AI CompaniesHumanoid Robots

Force-torque sensor

A force-torque sensor (F/T sensor) is a transducer that measures three orthogonal forces (Fx, Fy, Fz) and three torques or moments (Tx, Ty, Tz) applied...

AI Hardware

Foundation (robotics company)

Foundation is an American humanoid robot company headquartered in San Francisco, California, that develops a general-purpose humanoid called Phantom and...

AI CompaniesDefense AI

Foundation Phantom MK1

--- General information Foundation Type United States Unveiled Active (deployed) Height 80 kg (176 lb) Degrees of freedom 20 kg continuous; 36...

Humanoid Robots

Fourier GR-1

The Fourier GR-1 is a full-size general-purpose humanoid robot developed by Fourier Intelligence (now branded as Fourier), a Shanghai-based company with deep...

Humanoid Robots

Fourier GR-2

The Fourier GR-2 is a general-purpose humanoid robot unveiled on September 30, 2024 by Fourier Intelligence (now operating as Fourier), a Shanghai-based...

Humanoid Robots

Fourier Intelligence

Fourier Intelligence (now operating as Fourier and Fourier Rehab) is a Chinese robotics company headquartered in Shanghai that builds rehabilitation robots and...

AI CompaniesChinese AI

Foxconn (Hon Hai Precision Industry)

Foxconn, officially Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 鴻海精密工業股份有限公司; trading as Hon Hai Technology Group), is a Taiwanese multinational electronics...

AI CompaniesAI Hardware

GENE.01

--- General information Generative Bionics Country of origin 2026 Status $50,000 USD Commercial launch gbionics.ai Role Background ------ CEO...

Humanoid Robots

GENISOM AI

Value ------- Private; embodied-AI and robotics developer Industry December 2023 (per company and trade press) Headquarters Suzhou, Jiangsu, China...

AI CompaniesChinese AI

Galaxea R1

The Galaxea R1 is a series of wheeled dual-arm humanoid robots developed by Galaxea AI (also known as Galaxea Dynamics), a Chinese embodied AI and robotics...

Humanoid Robots

Galaxea R1 Lite

The Galaxea R1 Lite is a compact wheeled dual-arm humanoid robot developed by Galaxea AI (also known as Galaxea Dynamics), a Chinese embodied AI and robotics...

Humanoid Robots

Galaxea R1 Pro

The Galaxea R1 Pro is a full-size wheeled dual-arm humanoid robot developed by Galaxea AI (also known as Galaxea Dynamics), a Chinese embodied AI and robotics...

Humanoid Robots

Galbot G1

Galbot G1 is a wheeled, dual-arm mobile manipulator built by Beijing Galbot Co., Ltd., a Chinese embodied-AI start-up that also goes by the name Galaxy General...

Chinese AIHumanoid Robots

Galbot G1 Pro

--- Manufacturer China Year introduced In production (limited availability) Type Galbot G1 Premium Price galbot.com Category Galbot G1 Pro...

Humanoid Robots

Gazebo Simulator

Gazebo is an open-source 3D dynamic robotics simulator that has served as the de facto standard simulation environment for the robot software research...

Open Source AI

Gecko Robotics

Gecko Robotics is a United States robotics and software company that builds wall-climbing and other mobile robots to inspect heavy industrial infrastructure,...

AI CompaniesRobotics Companies

Gemini Robotics

Gemini Robotics is a family of robot foundation models developed by Google DeepMind that extends the Gemini multimodal model line into the physical world. The...

AI ModelsGoogle DeepMind

Generalist AI

Generalist AI (branded Generalist, legally Generalist AI, Inc.) is an American artificial intelligence company building general-purpose foundation models for...

AI CompaniesEmbodied AI

Genesis (simulator)

Genesis is an open-source, generative physics simulation platform for robotics and embodied AI, released on December 19, 2024 after a roughly two-year...

AI InfrastructureOpen Source AI

Genesis AI (company)

Genesis AI is a robotics startup building a universal robot foundation model and a high-fidelity physics-simulation engine to train it. The company describes...

AI CompaniesEmbodied AI

GigaAI Maker H01

--- GigaAI Type China Unveiled Mass production (deliveries began February 2026) Height 64 kg (141 lb) Degrees of freedom 7 per arm Arm payload ...

Humanoid Robots

HIVA Haiwa

--- Manufacturer RobotEra (Star Era Technology Co.) Country of origin 2025 Status Estimated $50,000 - $80,000 USD Website HIVA Haiwa is a wheeled...

Humanoid Robots

HMND 01

HMND 01 is a modular humanoid robot developed by Humanoid (legally registered as SKL Robotics Ltd), a London-based United Kingdom robotics and artificial...

Humanoid Robots

HMND 01 Alpha Bipedal

The HMND 01 Alpha Bipedal is a full-size bipedal humanoid robot built by Humanoid (legally SKL Robotics Ltd), a London-based United Kingdom robotics and...

Humanoid Robots

Harmonic Drive

<!-- Harmonic Drive 5480w --> <!-- NOTE (enhancement pass, July 2026): Added the section "Harmonic drives in humanoid robots and dexterous hands"; added...

AI Hardware

Helix (Figure AI)

Helix is a Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model for generalist humanoid control, developed in-house by Figure AI, the Sunnyvale, California humanoid-robot...

AI ModelsEmbodied AI

Helix (VLA model)

Helix is a vision-language-action model (VLA) developed by Figure AI that controls humanoid robots by mapping camera images and natural language commands...

AI ModelsEmbodied AI

Hexagon AEON

Hexagon AEON is an industrial humanoid robot developed by the Robotics Division of Hexagon AB, a Swedish multinational technology company known for precision...

Humanoid Robots

History of humanoid robots

The history of humanoid robots runs from pre-modern automata, such as the programmable musicians described by the Muslim engineer Al-Jazari around 1206 and...

AI HistoryHumanoid Robots

Hobbs W1

The Hobbs W1 is a wheeled humanoid robot developed by Noetix Robotics, a Beijing-based Chinese startup, and unveiled in December 2025 as what the company calls...

Humanoid Robots

Holiday Robotics Friday

--- Manufacturer South Korea Year unveiled In development Price holiday-robotics.com Specification --- Height 115 kg Mobile base weight 15 kg...

Humanoid Robots

Honda ASIMO

Honda ASIMO (Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility) was a humanoid robot built by Honda Motor Co., Ltd. and unveiled on October 31, 2000, the first robot that...

Humanoid Robots

Human-Robot Interaction

Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) is the interdisciplinary field that studies how humans and robots perceive, communicate with, and physically share space and...

Humanoid robot

A humanoid robot is a robot designed to resemble and move like a human being, typically featuring a head, torso, two arms, and two legs arranged in a bipedal...

Artificial Intelligence

Humanoid robot applications

Humanoid robot applications span a growing range of industries and use cases where the human-like form factor provides distinct advantages over traditional...

Artificial IntelligenceHumanoid Robots

Humanoid robot autonomy levels

Humanoid robot autonomy levels describe a graduated framework for classifying the degree of independent operation that a humanoid robot can achieve. Ranging...

Artificial IntelligenceHumanoid Robots

Humanoid robot deployments

Humanoid robot deployment refers to the placement of full-size or general-purpose humanoid robots into real operating environments: factories, warehouses,...

Artificial IntelligenceHumanoid Robots

Humanoid robot manufacturers

Humanoid robot manufacturers are companies that design, develop, and produce humanoid robots. The leading manufacturers in 2026 are Tesla (the Optimus), Figure...

Humanoid RobotsRobotics Companies

Humanoid robot market

The humanoid robot market is the global commercial ecosystem for designing, manufacturing, selling, and deploying humanoid robots, robots built to resemble and...

Humanoid Robots

Hyundai

Hyundai Motor Group is the South Korean automotive conglomerate that owns an 80 percent controlling stake in Boston Dynamics, making it the parent of the Atlas...

AI CompaniesAutonomous Vehicles

IGRIS-C

--- General information Robros Country 2025 Status Humanoid robot Height 56 kg (123 lb) Degrees of freedom Intel Core i7 + NVIDIA Jetson Orin...

Humanoid Robots

Imitation Learning

Imitation learning (IL), also called learning from demonstration (LfD), is a family of machine learning methods in which an agent learns to perform a task by...

Machine LearningReinforcement Learning

Industrial robot

An industrial robot is an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes, which can be either fixed in...

Inertial Measurement Unit

An inertial measurement unit (IMU) is an electronic device that measures a body's specific force and angular rate, and in many configurations its orientation,...

AI Hardware

Inspire Robots

<!-- Brief-error corrections: the "RH8D" in the brief is a Seed Robotics (UK) product, not an Inspire model; Inspire's tactile-fingertip hand is the RH56DFTP....

Chinese AIRobot Hardware

Intel RealSense D555

The Intel RealSense D555 (also branded simply as RealSense D555 PoE) is a stereoscopic depth camera announced in mid-2025 that is the first product in the...

AI HardwareComputer Vision

Isaac GR00T N1.5

Isaac GR00T N1.5 is an open vision-language-action model from NVIDIA built as a generalist foundation model for humanoid robots. It is the first major update...

AI ModelsHumanoid Robots

JAKA K1

--- Manufacturer China Year unveiled Prototype / Early production Price Limited deployment (300+ units across K-series family as of 2024) Website ...

Humanoid Robots

JAKA Robotics

JAKA Robotics (Chinese: 节卡机器人), formally Shanghai JAKA Robotics Ltd., is a Chinese robotics company founded in 2014 and headquartered in Shanghai, China. The...

Humanoid RobotsRobotics Companies

Jetson Thor

NVIDIA Jetson Thor (also marketed as Jetson AGX Thor) is a Blackwell architecture edge AI computing module developed by NVIDIA that delivers up to 2,070 FP4...

AI HardwareNVIDIA

K-Bot

--- General information K-Scale Labs Country of origin 2025 Status $8,999 USD (Founder's Edition) Website K-Bot is an open-source bipedal humanoid...

Humanoid Robots

K-Humanoid Alliance

The K-Humanoid Alliance (Korean: 케이-휴머노이드 연합) is a South Korean industry-academia-government consortium for developing humanoid robots and the artificial...

AI CompaniesResearch Organizations

KAPEX

LG Electronics, LG AI Research, and KIST (Korea Institute of Science and Technology) Country of origin October 1, 2025; unveiled November 2025 Status ...

Humanoid Robots

KEENON Robotics

KEENON Robotics (Chinese: 擎朗智能, also known as Keenon) is a Chinese robotics company headquartered in Shanghai, China that builds autonomous commercial service...

Humanoid RobotsRobotics Companies

Karol Hausman

Karol Hausman is a roboticist and entrepreneur who is the co-founder and chief executive officer of Physical Intelligence, a San Francisco startup founded in...

AI CompaniesPeople

Kawada Robotics

Kawada Robotics Corporation (川田ロボティクス) is a Japanese manufacturer of industrial and humanoid robots, best known for the Nextage dual-arm collaborative robot...

Humanoid Robots

Kawasaki Robotics

Kawasaki Robotics is the industrial-robotics business of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd., the Japanese heavy-engineering and transportation conglomerate....

Humanoid Robots

Keenon XMAN-R1

The Keenon XMAN-R1 is a humanoid service robot built by KEENON Robotics, a Shanghai-based commercial robotics company, and unveiled on March 31, 2025. It is...

Humanoid Robots