Robotics

Explore robots, the companies building them, and the methods used to sense, learn, and act.

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Drone delivery

Drone delivery is the transport of goods by uncrewed aircraft, usually over the last few miles between a store, restaurant, warehouse or hospital and a customer's home or another facility.

Autonomous Vehicles

Dyna Robotics

Dyna Robotics is an American embodied-AI and robotics startup, founded in 2024 and based in Redwood City, California, that builds robot foundation models for commercial robot manipulation and deploys them on…

AI CompaniesEmbodied AI

Electronic skin

Electronic skin (usually shortened to e-skin) is a flexible, stretchable sensing surface built to give a robot, prosthetic limb, or wearable device something close to the tactile sense of biological skin: the…

AI Hardware

End effector

An end effector is the device mounted at the working end of a robot arm or wrist: the part that actually touches, grips, welds, or otherwise acts on the world, while the rest of the arm exists only to position…

AI Hardware

EngineAI PM01

The EngineAI PM01 is a compact, lightweight humanoid robot developed by EngineAI (formally Shenzhen EngineAI Robotics Technology Co., Ltd.), a Chinese robotics startup headquartered in Shenzhen.

Humanoid Robots

EngineAI SAO2

The EngineAI SAO2 (also written as SA02) is a compact, lightweight humanoid robot unveiled in August 2025 by EngineAI, a Shenzhen-based Chinese robotics startup, and pitched by the company as "the first…

Humanoid Robots

EngineAI SE01

The EngineAI SE01 is a full-size, general-purpose humanoid robot unveiled on October 24, 2024 by EngineAI (formally Shenzhen EngineAI Robotics Technology Co., Ltd.)

Humanoid Robots

EngineAI T800

The EngineAI T800 is a full-size, general-purpose humanoid robot developed by EngineAI (formally Shenzhen EngineAI Robotics Technology Co., Ltd.), a Chinese robotics startup headquartered in Shenzhen, that…

Humanoid Robots

Estun Codroid 02

The Estun Codroid 02 is a second-generation industrial humanoid robot developed by Nanjing Estun Codroid Technology, a subsidiary of Estun Automation Co., Ltd. (SZSE: 002747; HKEX: 2715).

Humanoid Robots

EtherCAT

EtherCAT (Ethernet for Control Automation Technology) is a real-time industrial Ethernet fieldbus protocol, developed by Beckhoff Automation and introduced in April 2003, that delivers microsecond-class…

AI Hardware

Event camera

An event camera (also called a dynamic vision sensor, DVS, or neuromorphic camera) is an image sensor whose pixels work independently and asynchronously.

Computer Vision

Exoskeleton (Wearable Robotics)

An exoskeleton, sometimes called a powered exoskeleton, exosuit, or wearable robot, is a powered or passive mechanical structure worn on the body to augment, assist, or restore human movement.

Healthcare AI

FORT Robotics

FORT Robotics is a Philadelphia-based technology company that builds safety and security infrastructure for autonomous machines, robots, and industrial vehicles.

AI SafetyCompanies

Fanuc

FANUC Corporation is a Japanese industrial automation company headquartered in Oshino, Yamanashi Prefecture.

AI Companies

Field AI

Field AI (also written FieldAI) is an American robotics software company based in Irvine, California, that develops foundation models specifically designed for autonomous robots operating in outdoor and…

AI CompaniesEmbodied AI

Figure 03

Figure 03 is a third-generation general-purpose humanoid robot developed by Figure AI and unveiled on October 9, 2025, as the company's first robot designed primarily for the home and engineered from the…

Humanoid Robots

Figure AI

Figure AI is a privately held American robotics company that develops electrically powered humanoid robots and the software used to control them. Brett Adcock founded the company in 2022.

AI CompaniesHumanoid Robots

Flytrex

Flytrex is an Israeli-founded autonomous drone delivery company that operates on-demand food and retail delivery services in suburban Texas and North Carolina.

AI CompaniesAutonomous Vehicles

Force-torque sensor

A force-torque sensor (F/T sensor) is a transducer that measures three orthogonal forces (Fx, Fy, Fz) and three torques or moments (Tx, Ty, Tz) applied simultaneously at a single point, across six degrees of…

AI Hardware

Foundation (robotics company)

Foundation is an American humanoid robot company headquartered in San Francisco, California, that develops a general-purpose humanoid called Phantom and markets it for both industrial automation and military…

AI CompaniesDefense AI

Foundation Phantom MK1

The Foundation Phantom MK1 (also written as Phantom MK-1) is a general-purpose humanoid robot developed by Foundation, an American robotics company headquartered in San Francisco, California.

Humanoid Robots

Fourier GR-1

The Fourier GR-1 is a full-size general-purpose humanoid robot developed by Fourier Intelligence (now branded as Fourier), a Shanghai-based company with deep roots in rehabilitation robotics.

Humanoid Robots

Fourier GR-2

The Fourier GR-2 is a general-purpose humanoid robot unveiled on September 30, 2024 by Fourier Intelligence (now operating as Fourier), a Shanghai-based robotics company.

Humanoid Robots

Fourier Intelligence

Fourier Intelligence (now operating as Fourier and Fourier Rehab) is a Chinese robotics company headquartered in Shanghai that builds rehabilitation robots and general-purpose humanoid robots, best known for…

AI CompaniesChinese AI

GENE.01

GENE.01 is a humanoid robot concept developed by Generative Bionics, an Italian robotics company headquartered in Genoa.

Humanoid Robots

GENISOM AI

GENISOM AI is a Chinese embodied-intelligence company that develops and mass-produces four-legged robots, the machines popularly called robot dogs.

AI CompaniesChinese AI

Galaxea R1

The Galaxea R1 is a series of wheeled dual-arm humanoid robots developed by Galaxea AI (also known as Galaxea Dynamics), a Chinese embodied AI and robotics startup founded in 2023.

Humanoid Robots

Galaxea R1 Lite

The Galaxea R1 Lite is a compact wheeled dual-arm humanoid robot developed by Galaxea AI (also known as Galaxea Dynamics), a Chinese embodied AI and robotics startup founded in September 2023.

Humanoid Robots

Galaxea R1 Pro

The Galaxea R1 Pro is a full-size wheeled dual-arm humanoid robot developed by Galaxea AI (also known as Galaxea Dynamics), a Chinese embodied AI and robotics startup founded in September 2023.

Humanoid Robots

Galbot ET1

Galbot ET1 is a bipedal humanoid robot introduced by the Chinese robotics company Galbot at the 2026 World Robot Conference in Beijing.

AI HardwareChinese AI

Galbot G1

Galbot G1 is a wheeled, dual-arm mobile manipulator built by Beijing Galbot Co., Ltd., a Chinese embodied-AI start-up that also goes by the name Galaxy General (Chinese: 银河通用).

Chinese AIHumanoid Robots

Galbot G1 Pro

The Galbot G1 Pro (also referred to as the Galbot G1 Premium) is an upgraded variant of the Galbot G1 wheeled semi-humanoid robot, developed by Beijing Galaxy General Robot Co., Ltd. (commonly known as Galbot

Humanoid Robots

Gazebo Simulator

Gazebo is an open-source 3D dynamic robotics simulator that has served as the de facto standard simulation environment for the robot software research community for over two decades.

Open Source AI

Gemini Robotics 2

Gemini Robotics 2 is a family of three robotics models announced by Google DeepMind on July 30, 2026: a vision-language-action (VLA) model of the same name, an embodied reasoning model called Gemini Robotics…

AI ModelsEmbodied AI

Generalist AI

Generalist AI (branded Generalist, legally Generalist AI, Inc.) is an American artificial intelligence company building general-purpose foundation models for robots and other physical systems.

AI CompaniesEmbodied AI

Genesis (simulator)

Genesis is an open-source, generative physics simulation platform for robotics and embodied AI, released on December 19, 2024 after a roughly two-year (24-month) collaboration involving more than 20 academic…

AI InfrastructureOpen Source AI

GigaAI Maker H01

The GigaAI Maker H01 is a wheeled humanoid robot developed by GigaAI, a Chinese artificial intelligence and robotics startup headquartered in Beijing.

Humanoid Robots

HIVA Haiwa

HIVA Haiwa is a wheeled humanoid robot developed by Haier Group Corporation in partnership with RobotEra (Star Era Technology Co.), a Beijing-based humanoid robotics startup.

Humanoid Robots

HMND 01

HMND 01 is a modular humanoid robot developed by Humanoid (legally registered as SKL Robotics Ltd), a London-based United Kingdom robotics and artificial intelligence company founded in 2024 by serial…

Humanoid Robots

HMND 01 Alpha Bipedal

The HMND 01 Alpha Bipedal is a full-size bipedal humanoid robot built by Humanoid (legally SKL Robotics Ltd), a London-based United Kingdom robotics and artificial intelligence company founded in 2024 by…

Humanoid Robots

Harmonic Drive

A Harmonic Drive, also known as a strain wave gear, is a precision mechanical gear reducer that achieves very high reduction ratios (roughly 30:1 to 320:1) in a single compact stage by using the controlled…

AI Hardware

Helix (Figure AI)

Helix is a Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model for generalist humanoid control, developed in-house by Figure AI, the Sunnyvale, California humanoid-robot company founded by Brett Adcock.

AI ModelsEmbodied AI

Helix (VLA model)

Helix is a vision-language-action model (VLA) developed by Figure AI that controls humanoid robots by mapping camera images and natural language commands directly to continuous joint-level motion at 200 Hz.

AI ModelsEmbodied AI

Hexagon AEON

Hexagon AEON is an industrial humanoid robot developed by the Robotics Division of Hexagon AB, a Swedish multinational technology company known for precision measurement, sensor technology, and industrial…

Humanoid Robots

HighTorque Mini Pi+

HighTorque Mini Pi+ is a small humanoid robot platform made by High Torque Robotics. The manufacturer styles the name as Mini Pi plus, Mini Pi Plus, and Mini Pi+ across its English and Chinese materials.

AI HardwareHumanoid Robots

History of humanoid robots

The history of humanoid robots runs from pre-modern automata, such as the programmable musicians described by the Muslim engineer Al-Jazari around 1206 and Leonardo da Vinci's mechanical knight of about 1495…

AI HistoryHumanoid Robots

Hobbs W1

The Hobbs W1 is a wheeled humanoid robot developed by Noetix Robotics, a Beijing-based Chinese startup, and unveiled in December 2025 as what the company calls "the first wheeled bionic robot with 54 active…

Humanoid Robots

Human-Robot Interaction

Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) is the interdisciplinary field that studies how humans and robots perceive, communicate with, and physically share space and tasks with one another, and how to design robots that…