OpenVLA
OpenVLA is a 7-billion-parameter open-source vision-language-action model (VLA) for robotic manipulation, released in June 2024 by a collaboration of researchers from Stanford University, UC Berkeley, the…
Robotics
Explore robots, the companies building them, and the methods used to sense, learn, and act.
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Showing 301-360 of 489 articles
Optimus Gen 3
Optimus Gen 3 is the third-generation Tesla humanoid robot, described by Tesla as its first Optimus variant designed explicitly for mass manufacturing
PAL Robotics Kangaroo
The PAL Robotics Kangaroo is a full-size bipedal humanoid robot built by PAL Robotics, a Barcelona, Spain robotics company, as a research platform for dynamic bipedal locomotion.
PHYBOT C1
PHYBOT C1 is a compact humanoid robot developed by Beijing Phybot Technology Co., Ltd. (PHYBOT), a Chinese startup founded by Tsinghua University alumni and unveiled in 2025.
PHYBOT M1
The PHYBOT M1 is a full-size, electrically driven humanoid robot built by Beijing Phybot Technology Co., Ltd. (PHYBOT), a Chinese robotics startup founded by Tsinghua University alumni.
PL Universe ProWhite
The PL Universe ProWhite (Chinese: 大白, literally "Big White") is a series of industrial-grade wheeled humanoid robots developed by PL-Universe Robotics Technology (Suzhou) Limited Co. (Chinese…
PL Universe Zeus 1
The PL Universe Zeus 1 is a heavy-duty industrial wheeled humanoid robot built by PL Universe (PL-Universe Robotics Technology (Suzhou) Limited Co., Chinese: 普罗宇宙机器人科技（苏州）有限公司)
PNDbotics Adam Lite
PNDbotics Adam Lite is a full-size bipedal humanoid robot developed by PNDbotics, a Chinese robotics company specializing in full-stack humanoid robot design and manufacturing.
PSYONIC
PSYONIC is an American bionics company that designs and manufactures the Ability Hand, a multi-articulating myoelectric prosthetic hand that is also sold as a dexterous end effector for robots.
PaXini ToraOne
TORA-ONE (also written as ToraOne or Tora One) is a wheeled, tactile-sensing humanoid robot developed by PaXini Technology, a Shenzhen-based Chinese robotics company that specializes in multi-dimensional…
Particle Filter
A particle filter is a simulation-based method for estimating the changing, unobserved state of a system from a sequence of noisy observations.
Pepper (Robot)
Pepper is a semi-humanoid robot designed for social interaction, originally manufactured by the French company Aldebaran (later SoftBank Robotics Europe, then Aldebaran again after 2022).
Perceptyne PR-34D
The Perceptyne PR-34D is a dual-arm, semi-humanoid robot developed by Perceptyne, a deep-tech robotics startup headquartered in Hyderabad, India.
Persona AI
Persona AI is an American robotics company headquartered in Houston, Texas, that designs industrial humanoid robots for physically demanding work in shipyards, factories, construction sites, and energy…
Phoenix (Sanctuary AI)
Phoenix is a general-purpose humanoid robot built by Sanctuary AI, a Vancouver, Canada company, and is best known for hydraulic hands with 21 degrees of freedom per hand that sense forces as low as 5…
Physical AI
Physical AI is a contested umbrella term for artificial intelligence systems whose decisions are coupled to sensing and action in the physical world.
Physical Intelligence
Physical Intelligence (also known as Pi or π) is an American artificial intelligence robotics company that builds general-purpose foundation models and learning algorithms designed to control any robot for any…
Pieter Abbeel
Pieter Abbeel (born 1977) is a Belgian-American computer scientist and a professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences at the University of California, Berkeley, where he directs the Berkeley Robot…
Planetary gear train
A planetary gear train, also called an epicyclic gear train, is a gear reduction mechanism built from small "planet" gears that mesh with, and orbit around
Planetary roller screw
A planetary roller screw is a precision mechanical component that converts rotary motion into linear motion by running a ring of threaded steel rollers between a central screw shaft and a surrounding nut
Prosper Robotics
Prosper Robotics is a London-based robotics startup founded in 2021 by Shariq Hashme, a former OpenAI and Scale AI employee, that is developing a general-purpose home robot called Alfie.
Pudu D7
The Pudu D7 (stylized as PUDU D7) is a semi-humanoid robot unveiled on September 19, 2024 by Pudu Robotics, a Shenzhen-based Chinese service robot company best known for commercial robots such as the BellaBot…
Pudu D9
The Pudu D9 (stylized as PUDU D9) is a full-sized bipedal humanoid robot developed by Pudu Robotics and unveiled on December 19, 2024, standing 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) tall, weighing 65 kg (143 lb), and carrying 42…
Pudu FlashBot Arm
The Pudu FlashBot Arm (stylized as PUDU FlashBot Arm) is a semi-humanoid robot and mobile manipulator developed by Pudu Robotics, a Shenzhen-based Chinese robotics company best known for its commercial service…
QUANTA X2
QUANTA X2 is a wheeled humanoid robot developed by X Square Robot (formally X Square Robot Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.), a Chinese embodied AI startup founded in December 2023.
Qinglong V3.0
Qinglong V3.0 (Chinese: 青龙, meaning "Azure Dragon" or "Green Dragon") is the 2025 generation of Qinglong, described by its developers as the world's first full-size, open-source "public-version" humanoid robot.
Quadruped Robot
A quadruped robot is a four-legged robotic system that uses dynamic, articulated legs to walk, trot, run, climb, and traverse uneven terrain.
Quasi-direct drive
Quasi-direct drive (commonly abbreviated QDD) is an actuator architecture that pairs a high-torque-density electric motor, typically a large-diameter brushless DC motor, with a low-ratio mechanical transmission
R-Noid
R-Noid is a mobile humanoid robot developed by Robot.com, the company legally registered as Kiwi Campus
RFM-1 (Robotics Foundation Model)
RFM-1 (Robotics Foundation Model 1) is an 8 billion parameter multimodal transformer for robotic manipulation announced by Covariant on March 11, 2024 at the MODEX 2024 trade show in Atlanta.
ROBOTIS AI Worker
The ROBOTIS AI Worker, formally designated FFW (Freedom From Work), is a semi-humanoid robot platform for industrial physical AI, built by ROBOTIS Co., Ltd., a South Korean robotics company founded in 1999 and…
RT-2
RT-2 (Robotic Transformer 2) is a vision-language-action model developed by Google DeepMind that enables robots to execute novel tasks by transferring knowledge from internet-scale vision-language pretraining…
Rainbow Robotics RB-Y1
The Rainbow Robotics RB-Y1 is a dual-arm wheeled mobile manipulator built by Rainbow Robotics, the Samsung-backed South Korean robot maker spun out of KAIST's HUBO humanoid program.
Reachy 2
Reachy 2 is an open-source bimanual humanoid robot built by Pollen Robotics, a French company in Bordeaux, and now owned by Hugging Face, which acquired Pollen Robotics on April 14, 2025.
RealMan Robotics
RealMan Robotics is a Chinese robotics company founded in Beijing in 2018. Its legal operating name is RealMan Intelligent Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., rendered in Chinese as 睿尔曼智能科技（北京）有限公司.
Realbotix
Realbotix is a United States company that designs and manufactures lifelike, AI-powered humanoid robots for companionship, entertainment, and customer service.
Reflex Robotics humanoid
The Reflex Robotics humanoid is a wheeled, dual-arm general purpose robot built by Reflex Robotics, a New York City startup founded in 2022 by a small team of engineers with prior experience at Boston…
Relay.app
Relay.app is a workflow-automation platform that lets teams build multi-step automations across the software they already use, with a distinctive emphasis on human-in-the-loop steps and built-in artificial…
Rerun (rerun.io)
Rerun is an open-source multimodal data stack and visualization system built for robotics, computer vision, and other forms of physical AI.
Reward AI
Reward AI is a robotics company that builds general-purpose manipulation policies meant to run on many different robot bodies . The company gives its location as the Bay Area, California, on its X account .
RoBee
RoBee is a cognitive humanoid robot developed by Oversonic Robotics, an Italian company headquartered in Carate Brianza, Lombardy.
Robbyant R1
The Robbyant R1 is a wheeled humanoid robot developed by Robbyant (formally known as Ant Lingbo Technology, or Shanghai Mayi Lingbo Technology), a robotics subsidiary of Ant Group
Robert Bosch GmbH
Robert Bosch GmbH, known as Bosch, is a German engineering and technology company that is the world's largest automotive supplier and one of Europe's largest corporate investors in artificial intelligence.
RoboCasa
RoboCasa is a large-scale simulation framework for training generalist robots to perform everyday household tasks.
RoboCat
RoboCat is a self-improving foundation agent for robotic manipulation developed by Google DeepMind.
RoboCup
RoboCup (short for Robot World Cup) is an international scientific initiative and annual competition, founded in 1997, that uses the game of soccer as a standard problem to drive research in artificial…
RoboForce TITAN
TITAN is an AI-powered industrial mobile manipulator developed by RoboForce, an American robotics startup headquartered in Milpitas, California.
Roboligent Robin
Robin is a mobile dual-arm humanoid robot developed by Roboligent, a robotics company headquartered in Round Rock, Texas.
Robostral Navigate
Robostral Navigate is an 8-billion-parameter vision language model developed by Mistral AI for instruction-following robot navigation.
Robot
A robot is a programmable machine that senses its environment, computes a decision, and acts on the physical world through a closed loop of perception, planning, and actuation.
Robot Operating System (ROS)
Robot Operating System (ROS) is an open-source software platform for building robot applications.
Robot form factor
Robot form factor is the physical shape and mobility architecture of a robot: whether it moves on wheels, tracks, legs, or a hybrid of these; how many limbs and joints it carries
Robot foundation model
A robot foundation model is a large-scale machine learning model, typically based on the transformer architecture, that is pre-trained on broad, diverse datasets of robot interactions and then adapted to a…
Robot learning
Robot learning studies how robots acquire or improve behavior from data and experience.
Robot locomotion
Robot locomotion refers to the methods by which robots move through their environment, with a particular focus on legged robots that walk, run, climb, and balance using discrete footholds rather than…
Robot manipulation
Robot manipulation is the ability of a robotic system to physically interact with objects in its environment through grasping, pushing, pulling, inserting, placing, and other contact-based actions.
Robot navigation
Robot navigation is the ability of a mobile robot to determine its own position in its environment, plan a path toward a goal, and execute that path while avoiding obstacles.
Robot safety
Robot safety is the discipline concerned with minimizing the risk of physical harm, property damage, and other hazards arising from the operation of robotic systems.
Robot skin
Robot skin is the outer covering of a robot: the layer, or set of layers, applied to the outside of a machine for appearance, protection, safety, hygiene, and, increasingly, touch sensing.
Robot teleoperation
Robot teleoperation is the remote control of a robot by a human operator over a communication link that carries commands from the operator to the robot and sensory feedback from the robot back to the operator.