Robotics

Robot navigation

Robot navigation is the ability of a mobile robot to determine its own position in its environment, plan a path toward a goal, and execute that path while...

Computer Vision

Robot safety

Robot safety is the discipline concerned with minimizing the risk of physical harm, property damage, and other hazards arising from the operation of robotic...

AI Policy & RegulationAI Safety

Robot teleoperation

Robot teleoperation is the remote control of a robot by a human operator over a communication link that carries commands from the operator to the robot and...

RobotEra L7

The RobotEra L7 (Chinese: 星动 L7, Xingdong L7) is a full-size bipedal humanoid robot developed by Beijing-based RobotEra (星动纪元), a Tsinghua University spin-off...

Chinese AIEmbodied AI

Robotera Star1

The Robotera Star1 (stylized as STAR1) is a full-size, general-purpose humanoid robot developed by Robotera (Beijing Robot Era Technology Co., Ltd.), a Chinese...

Humanoid Robots

Robotics

Robotics is the interdisciplinary field of engineering and science concerned with the design, construction, operation, and use of physical machines, called...

AI HardwareArtificial Intelligence

Robotics as a Service

Robotics as a Service (RaaS), also written robots-as-a-service or robot-as-a-service, is a business model in which a provider supplies robots together with the...

Artificial Intelligence

Robust AI

Robust AI (styled Robust.AI) is an American robotics company founded in 2019 and headquartered in San Carlos, California. It builds collaborative mobile robots...

AI Companies

Rolling-element bearing

A rolling-element bearing is a machine component that lets one part rotate or pivot against another while carrying load, typically a shaft turning inside a...

AI Hardware

Rotary encoder

A rotary encoder is an electromechanical sensor that measures the angular position, direction, and speed of a rotating shaft and converts that motion into an...

AI Hardware

SIASUN DUCO

SIASUN DUCO --- SIASUN Robot & Automation Type China Year introduced In production Headquarters ducorobots.com Product category --- Industrial...

Humanoid Robots

SIASUN Songxing

SIASUN Robot & Automation Type China Year introduced Limited production Price Shenyang, China Website Songxing (Chinese: 松行, literally "Pine Walk")...

Humanoid Robots

SIMPLER

SIMPLER (Simulated Manipulation Policy Evaluation for Real Robot Setups) is a collection of simulated robot manipulation environments, released in 2024, that...

AI Benchmarks

SUPCON Technology

SUPCON Technology Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 中控技术; pinyin: Zhōngkòng Jìshù), formally Zhejiang Supcon Technology Co., Ltd., is a Chinese industrial automation and...

AI CompaniesChinese AI

Sanctuary AI

Sanctuary AI (formally Sanctuary Cognitive Systems Corporation) is a Canadian artificial intelligence and robotics company headquartered in Vancouver, British...

AI CompaniesHumanoid Robots

Sarcomere Dynamics

Sarcomere Dynamics Inc. is a Canadian robotics company based in St. Albert, Alberta that designs compact, high-dexterity robotic hands sold under the ARTUS...

Robot HardwareRobotics Companies

Sebastian Thrun

Sebastian Thrun (born May 14, 1967) is a German-American computer scientist, roboticist, and entrepreneur best known for leading the Stanford team that won the...

Autonomous VehiclesPeople

Sensor fusion

Sensor fusion is the process of combining data from multiple sensors, often of different types, to produce information that is more accurate, complete, or...

Machine Learning

Sergey Levine

Sergey Levine is an American computer scientist, associate professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences at the University of California, Berkeley,...

PeopleReinforcement Learning

Service robot

A service robot is a robot that performs useful tasks for humans or equipment, excluding industrial automation applications, according to the international...

Servo motor

A servo motor is a motor operated inside a closed feedback loop: a controller sends a target position, speed, or torque, a sensor, typically a rotary encoder,...

AI Hardware

Shadow Robot Company

--- Private limited company (UK, no. 03308007) Founded London, United Kingdom Key people Shadow Dexterous Hand, DEX-EE and DEX-EE Chiral, teleoperation...

Robot HardwareRobotics Companies

Sharpa North

--- General information Sharpa Country of origin 2026 Status Wheeled base AI system SharpaWave (22 DOF per hand) Target release sharpa.com ...

Humanoid Robots

Siemens

Siemens AG is a German multinational technology conglomerate, headquartered in Munich, that is the largest industrial manufacturing company in Europe by...

AI CompaniesEnterprise AI

Sim-to-real transfer

Sim-to-real transfer (also written as sim2real) is the process of training a policy, controller, or perception model inside a physics simulator and deploying...

Reinforcement Learning

Simulation (in AI and robotics)

Simulation in artificial intelligence and robotics is the use of computational physics, rendering, and procedural environments to recreate a synthetic version...

Reinforcement Learning

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM)

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is the computational problem of building a map of an unknown environment while at the same time estimating the...

AlgorithmsComputer Vision

Skild AI

Skild AI is a robotics artificial intelligence company building a general-purpose foundation model for physical embodiments, described by the company as a...

AI CompaniesAI Models

SkyWalker 2

--- General information EIR Technology Full company name China Unveiled Deployed (factories, industrial parks) Price eir.com.cn Specification ...

Humanoid Robots

SmolVLA

SmolVLA (Small Vision-Language-Action) is a compact, open-source vision-language-action model (VLA) for robotics developed by Hugging Face and released in June...

AI HardwareAI Models

Social Robot

A social robot is an autonomous or semi-autonomous robot designed to interact and communicate with humans (and sometimes with other robots) by following social...

Sophia (robot)

Sophia is a social humanoid robot developed by the Hong Kong company Hanson Robotics, activated on February 14, 2016, and best known for its expressive,...

Humanoid Robots

Spirit AI Moz1

--- General information Spirit AI Country of origin June 2025 Status Wheeled (omnidirectional base) Website The Moz1 is a wheeled humanoid robot...

Humanoid Robots

Spot (robot)

Spot is a quadruped robot developed by Boston Dynamics, a four-legged, all-electric mobile platform marketed as "the agile mobile robot" for automating sensing...

Standard Bots

Standard Bots is an American robotics company that designs and builds AI-powered six-axis robotic arms for factory automation. Headquartered in Glen Cove, New...

AI Companies

Stepper motor

A stepper motor (also called a stepping motor) is an electric motor that converts a sequence of electrical pulses into discrete mechanical steps rather than...

AI Hardware

Sulu.be Steve

--- General information Sulu.be (Slightly Overdone Robots) Designer Humanoid robot (social/character) Country of origin 2014 Height 100 kg (220...

Humanoid Robots

Sunday Robotics MEMO

--- General information Sunday Robotics Country of origin 2026 Status $20,000 (handbuilt prototype); target under $10,000 at scale Availability ...

Humanoid Robots

Surgical robot

A surgical robot is a computer-controlled robotic system used to assist surgeons during medical procedures. These systems translate a surgeon's hand movements...

Healthcare AI

Svaya Robotics Bimanual

--- Manufacturer India Year introduced In production Type 17 total (7 per arm + 3 torso/head) Precision Cat4 / PLd (ISO 13849-1:2023) Protection...

Humanoid Robots

SwitchBot Onero H1

--- General information SwitchBot (Wonderlabs, Inc.) Country of origin 2026 (CES 2026) Status US$9,999 (official pre-order listing); "less than...

Humanoid Robots

TALOS (robot)

TALOS is a full-size, torque-controlled humanoid robot developed by PAL Robotics of Barcelona, Spain, and first presented in February 2017 as a research...

Humanoid Robots

TARA GEN1

--- Manufacturer Semi-humanoid service robot Year introduced India Status ihubrobotics.com Physical specifications 163 cm (5 ft 4 in) Weight ...

Humanoid Robots

TARS (robot)

--- Developer Humanoid robot Country of origin December 2025[12] Status T-Series (bipedal), A-Series (wheeled/stationary) Hands AWE 2.0 (AI World...

Humanoid Robots

THEMIS V2

--- Manufacturer United States Year introduced Pre-commercial / Research Height 36 kg (79 lb) with battery Degrees of freedom Proprietary BEAR...

Humanoid Robots

TIAGo (PAL Robotics)

TIAGo (Take It And Go) is a modular mobile manipulator service robot developed by PAL Robotics, a Spanish robotics company headquartered in Barcelona.[1] The...

TM Xplore 1

TM Xplore I (also written as TM Xplore 1) is a wheeled humanoid robot developed by Techman Robot, a Taiwanese collaborative robot manufacturer and subsidiary...

Humanoid Robots

TORA DoubleOne

--- General information PaXini Technology Country of origin 2025 Status $45,000 USD Availability iF Design Award 2025 Website TORA DoubleOne...

Humanoid Robots

Tactile sensing

Tactile sensing is the technology that gives robots a sense of touch: the ability to measure the physical contact between a robot and the world, including...

Embodied AIRobot Hardware

Tangible Robots Eggie

--- Manufacturer United States Year revealed Prototype Price Pre-commercial prototype Locomotion tangiblerobots.ai AI Component --- Imitation...

Humanoid Robots

TeknTrash ALPHA

--- Developer Humanoid robot Full name United Kingdom Status 2025 Height 90 kg (198 lb) Degrees of freedom Up to 7 hours Arm payload NVIDIA...

Humanoid Robots

Tendon-driven actuation

<!-- NOTE (accuracy caveats): 1. Figure has not publicly disclosed the actuation mechanism of the Figure 03 hand. Its October 2025 launch materials describe...

Robot Hardware

Tesla Optimus

Tesla Optimus (originally announced as the Tesla Bot) is a general-purpose humanoid robot being developed by Tesla, first revealed at Tesla AI Day in August...

AI CompaniesArtificial Intelligence

TetherIA

The Aero Hand Open is a low-cost, open-source, anthropomorphic robotic hand developed by TetherIA, a Silicon Valley robotics startup, for affordable dexterous...

Open Source AIRobot Hardware

The Humanoid 100

The Humanoid 100 is a research report published by Morgan Stanley Research on February 6, 2025, under the title "The Humanoid 100: Mapping the Humanoid Robot...

Humanoid Robots

The Robot Studio

The Robot Studio is an independent open-source robotics design studio run by British roboticist Rob Knight, best known for publishing free, buildable designs...

Open Source AIRobot Hardware

Tian Yi 2.0

--- General information Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center (X-Humanoid) Country of origin 2025 Status 350,000 yuan (about $49,000) Locomotion...

Humanoid Robots

Tien Kung 2.0

--- General information Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center (X-Humanoid) Country of origin 2025 Predecessor Tiangong 3.0 (February 2026) ...

Humanoid Robots

Torobo

--- General information Tokyo Robotics Country of origin 2017 Status 1,615 mm (5 ft 4 in) Weight 24 Payload (per arm) Up to 3 hours Parent...

Humanoid Robots

Toyota Human Support Robot (HSR)

The Human Support Robot (often abbreviated HSR) is a compact, single-armed mobile manipulation robot built by Toyota Motor Corporation as a standardised...